Grammar parses for passage 4.21.8
Open translation for this passage
οὗτος δὲ καὶ στρατήγημα ἐξεῦρε τοιόνδε.
Simple main clause: οὗτος is subject, ἐξεῦρε is the root verb, with στρατήγημα as object modified by τοιόνδε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐξεῦρε | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐξεῦρε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 στρατήγημα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction joining the object with another element implied by context. |
| 4 | στρατήγημα | στρατήγημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξεῦρε | obj | high | Direct object of the verb. |
| 5 | ἐξεῦρε | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; aorist of ἐξευρίσκω. |
| 6 | τοιόνδε | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 στρατήγημα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier agreeing with στρατήγημα. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξεῦρε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀριθμῷ καὶ πολὺ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι περιῆσαν· ἅτε δὲ οὐκ ἐν εὐρυχωρίᾳ σφίσιν οὐδὲ κατὰ σύνταγμα ἐγγινομένης τῆς μάχης, ἄλλων δὲ ἐν ἄλλῳ τῆς πόλεως ποιουμένων τὸν ἀγῶνα, ἀχρείους ἀπὸ ἑκάστης τάξεως συνέβαινεν εἶναι τοὺς τελευταίους.
The syntax is layered with two genitive absolutes and a final συμπέρασμα clause; ἄτε introduces the causal background for the ensuing result.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-S---DN- | Case=Dative|Number=Sing | 6 περιῆσαν | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure with περιῆσαν. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO | _ | 3 πολὺ | cc | high | Connects ἀριθμῷ and πολὺ. |
| 3 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀριθμῷ | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with ἀριθμῷ adverbially; morphology is adjectival. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 περιῆσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of περιῆσαν. |
| 6 | περιῆσαν | περιέω | VERB | V3IAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 περιῆσαν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 8 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 35 συνέβαινεν | mark | high | Causal/characterizing particle introducing participial clause. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 35 συνέβαινεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 17 ἐγγινομένης | advmod | high | Negates ἐγγινομένης. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 εὐρυχωρίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing εὐρυχωρίᾳ. |
| 12 | εὐρυχωρίᾳ | εὐρυχωρία | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγγινομένης | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἐγγινομένης. |
| 13 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐγγινομένης | iobj | high | Dative of disadvantage/association. |
| 14 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CO | _ | 15 κατὰ | cc | high | Links parallel prepositional phrase. |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 σύνταγμα | case | high | Preposition governing σύνταγμα. |
| 16 | σύνταγμα | σύνταγμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγγινομένης | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἐγγινομένης. |
| 17 | ἐγγινομένης | ἐγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMPGFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 35 συνέβαινεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with τῆς μάχης. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 μάχης | det | high | Article with μάχης. |
| 19 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγγινομένης | nsubj | medium | Subject of genitive absolute participle. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 συνέβαινεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ποιουμένων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of participle ποιουμένων. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 35 συνέβαινεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ἄλλῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ἄλλῳ. |
| 24 | ἄλλῳ | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ποιουμένων | obl | high | Oblique phrase modifying ποιουμένων. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 πόλεως | det | high | Article with πόλεως. |
| 26 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἄλλῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄλλῳ: 'in another part of the city'. |
| 27 | ποιουμένων | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMPGMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 35 συνέβαινεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with τὸν ἀγῶνα. |
| 28 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Article with ἀγῶνα. |
| 29 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ποιουμένων | obj | high | Object of ποιουμένων. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 συνέβαινεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | ἀχρείους | ἀχρεῖος | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement with εἶναι; agreement with τοὺς τελευταίους. |
| 32 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 τάξεως | case | high | Preposition governing τάξεως. |
| 33 | ἑκάστης | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 τάξεως | det | high | Attributive modifier of τάξεως. |
| 34 | τάξεως | τάξις | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 συνέβαινεν | obl | high | Oblique complement of συνέβαινεν. |
| 35 | συνέβαινεν | συμβαίνω | VERB | V3IAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the final clause. |
| 36 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 35 συνέβαινεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of συνέβαινεν. |
| 37 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA--AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 τελευταίους | det | high | Article with τελευταίους. |
| 38 | τελευταίους | τελευταῖος | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Subject of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 συνέβαινεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |