Grammar parses for passage 4.22.1
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Ἀρκάδες παραυτίκα τε τὴν κατάληψιν ἐπυνθάνοντο τῆς Εἴρας καὶ αὐτίκα τὸν Ἀριστοκράτην ἐκέλευον σφᾶς ἄγειν ὡς ἢ σώσοντας Μεσσηνίους ἢ σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀπολουμένους.
The Arcadians learn of the capture of Eira and order Aristocrates to lead them, intending either to save the Messenians or to perish with them; the final participles are coordinated purpose/result predicates under ὡς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NomMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-Nom-MP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | Adv | _ | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | cc | medium | Correlative τε coordinates the first event with the following αὐτίκα ... ἐκέλευον. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-AccFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κατάληψιν | det | high | |
| 7 | κατάληψιν | κατάληψις | NOUN | N-Acc-FS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐπυνθάνοντο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-Impf-MedInd-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, coordinated with ἐκέλευον. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-GenFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Εἴρας | det | high | |
| 10 | Εἴρας | Εἴρα | PROPN | N-Gen-FS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κατάληψιν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of κατάληψις. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 ἐκέλευον | cc | high | |
| 12 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | Adv | _ | 15 ἐκέλευον | advmod | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-AccMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀριστοκράτην | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀριστοκράτην | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | N-Acc-MS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐκέλευον | obj | high | Accusative person ordered with κελεύω. |
| 15 | ἐκέλευον | κελεύω | VERB | V-Impf-ActInd-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | conj | high | |
| 16 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AccMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 ἄγειν | obj | high | Reflexive/logophoric accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 17 | ἄγειν | ἄγω | VERB | V-Pres-ActInf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἐκέλευον | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of κελεύω. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 σώσοντας | mark | medium | Introduces the intended/resulting participial construction. |
| 19 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 σώσοντας | cc | high | |
| 20 | σώσοντας | σῴζω | VERB | V-Fut-ActPtcp-AccMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἄγειν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with σφᾶς; future intention. |
| 21 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-Acc-MP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 σώσοντας | obj | high | |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 ἀπολουμένους | cc | high | Coordinates the second alternative with σώσοντας. |
| 23 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | Prep | _ | 24 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 24 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DatMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 25 ἀπολουμένους | obl | high | Dative complement of σύν. |
| 25 | ἀπολουμένους | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | V-Fut-MidPtcp-AccMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ἄγειν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with σφᾶς; middle future, 'perish'. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπυνθάνοντο | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ ἅτε ἐκ τῆς Λακεδαίμονος δεδεγμένος δῶρα, οὔτε ἄγειν ἤθελεν εἰδέναι τε ἔφασκεν οὐδένα ἔτι Μεσσηνίων ὅτῳ καὶ ἀμυνοῦσιν ὄντα ὑπόλοιπον.
The latter sequence (οὐδένα ἔτι Μεσσηνίων ὅτῳ καὶ ἀμυνοῦσιν ὄντα ὑπόλοιπον) is highly compressed and difficult; attachments for εἰδέναι, ὅτῳ, and ἀμυνοῦσιν are consequently tentative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἔφασκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 δεδεγμένος | mark | high | Causal/qualifying conjunction with participle. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Λακεδαίμονος | det | high | |
| 6 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | Ne---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 δεδεγμένος | obl | high | Genitive of source with ἐκ. |
| 7 | δεδεγμένος | δέχομαι | VERB | Vmpp----S-n | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 15 ἔφασκεν | advcl | medium | Perfect middle participle, circumstantial with ἅτε; form may be interpreted as ‘having received’. |
| 8 | δῶρα | δῶρον | NOUN | Nb----AccPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 δεδεγμένος | obj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἤθελεν | cc | high | First member of οὔτε ... τε. |
| 11 | ἄγειν | ἄγω | VERB | V--PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἤθελεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἤθελεν. |
| 12 | ἤθελεν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V3IIAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 15 ἔφασκεν | conj | high | Coordinated verbal predicate with ἔφασκεν. |
| 13 | εἰδέναι | οἶδα | VERB | V--RAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 15 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in the coordinated οὔτε ... τε construction; semantically ‘to know’. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 εἰδέναι | cc | medium | Second member of οὔτε ... τε; attachment is structurally ambiguous. |
| 15 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | V3IIAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | P----AccMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 ἀμυνοῦσιν | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object in the compressed infinitival statement; likely understood with ὄντα. |
| 17 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἀμυνοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | Nb----GenPl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 οὐδένα | nmod | medium | Partitive/possessive genitive with οὐδένα. |
| 19 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | Pr----DatMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 ἀμυνοῦσιν | obl | low | Relative/dative form is syntactically difficult; likely denotes the person against whom resistance could be made. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἀμυνοῦσιν | cc | medium | Coordinating particle within the problematic relative clause. |
| 21 | ἀμυνοῦσιν | ἀμύνω | VERB | V3PFAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 15 ἔφασκεν | ccomp | low | Form and clause linkage are textually/syntactically difficult; read here as a finite clause complement to ἔφασκεν. |
| 22 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 οὐδένα | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with οὐδένα; existential ‘being’. |
| 23 | ὑπόλοιπον | ὑπόλοιπος | ADJ | A----AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ὄντα | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ὄντα. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | punct | high |