Grammar parses for passage 4.22.4
Open translation for this passage
φαμένων δὲ ἐθέλειν ἀπεγύμνου τὸ πᾶν, ὡς πάντως τῆς ἐπιούσης ἑσπέρας ἐπὶ τὴν Σπάρτην ἄγειν μέλλοι· Λακεδαιμονίων γὰρ τότε δὴ μάλιστα ἐς τὴν Εἶραν ἀπῆσαν οἱ πολλοί, καὶ ἄλλοι τε ἐπεφοίτων φέροντες καὶ ἄγοντες τὰ Μεσσηνίων.
The opening genitive absolute φαμένων ... ἐθέλειν is construed with ἀπεγύμνου; ὡς introduces the reported intended plan, with μέλλοι governing ἄγειν. In the second clause, οἱ πολλοί is the subject of ἀπῆσαν, while τὰ Μεσσηνίων is the coordinated object of φέροντες and ἄγοντες. The exact force of ἐπιούσης is somewhat context-dependent but is a feminine genitive participle modifying ἑσπέρας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαμένων | φημί | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπεγύμνου | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἀπεγύμνου | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐθέλειν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 φαμένων | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the genitive absolute construction. |
| 4 | ἀπεγύμνου | ἀπογυμνόω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect finite verb; subject is implicit from context. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πᾶν | det | high | |
| 6 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπεγύμνου | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, object of ἀπεγύμνου. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπεγύμνου | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 μέλλοι | mark | high | Introduces reported intention/content. |
| 9 | πάντως | πάντως | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 μέλλοι | advmod | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπιούσης | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐπιούσης | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἑσπέρας | amod | medium | Feminine genitive participle used adjectivally with ἑσπέρας; lexical parsing can vary. |
| 12 | ἑσπέρας | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγειν | obl | high | Temporal genitive. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 15 Σπάρτην | case | high | With accusative, directional. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Σπάρτην | det | high | |
| 15 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγειν | obl | high | Directional object of ἐπί. |
| 16 | ἄγειν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 μέλλοι | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of μέλλοι. |
| 17 | μέλλοι | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπεγύμνου | ccomp | high | Optative in reported thought/oratio obliqua. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπεγύμνου | punct | high | |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἀπῆσαν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the subject phrase οἱ πολλοί, likely ‘of the Lacedaemonians’. |
| 20 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀπῆσαν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 21 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἀπῆσαν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 23 μάλιστα | advmod | high | Emphatic particle with μάλιστα. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἀπῆσαν | advmod | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 26 Εἶραν | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 Εἶραν | det | high | |
| 26 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπῆσαν | obl | high | Destination of ἀπῆσαν. |
| 27 | ἀπῆσαν | ἄπειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 28 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 πολλοί | det | high | |
| 29 | πολλοί | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἀπῆσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the many’. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀπῆσαν | punct | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἐπεφοίτων | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 32 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἐπεφοίτων | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεφοίτων. |
| 33 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἄλλοι | cc | high | Correlative/postpositive coordinator with καί. |
| 34 | ἐπεφοίτων | ἐπιφοιτάω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 27 ἀπῆσαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 35 | φέροντες | φέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 34 ἐπεφοίτων | advcl | high | Coordinated participial adjunct with ἄγοντες. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 ἄγοντες | cc | high | |
| 37 | ἄγοντες | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 φέροντες | conj | high | Coordinated with φέροντες. |
| 38 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 39 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 φέροντες | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on a substantivized neuter plural τὰ; object is the goods/things of the Messenians. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀπῆσαν | punct | high |
"καὶ ἢν μὲν ἑλεῖν τὴν Σπάρτην καὶ κατασχεῖν δυνηθῶμεν", ἔφασκεν ὁ Ἀριστομένης, "ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἀποδόντας Λακεδαιμονίοις τὰ ἐκείνων κομίσασθαι τὰ οἰκεῖα·"
The quoted material contains an ἐάν protasis (ἢν ... δυνηθῶμεν) and a following existential assertion; the infinitive/participial coordination and the substantival genitive ἐκείνων are syntactically somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 δυνηθῶμεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | _ | _ | 10 δυνηθῶμεν | mark | high | Conditional conjunction. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 10 δυνηθῶμεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; apodosis is expressed later. |
| 5 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 18 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive coordinated with κατασχεῖν. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Σπάρτην | det | high | |
| 7 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 κατασχεῖν | cc | high | |
| 9 | κατασχεῖν | κατέχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Active | 5 ἑλεῖν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; shares subject and object interpretation. |
| 10 | δυνηθῶμεν | δύναμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 18 ἔστιν | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive in the ἐάν conditional protasis; infinitives are its complements. |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Reporting verb. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀριστομένης | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔφασκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 13 ἔφασκεν | ccomp | high | Quoted assertion governed by ἔφασκεν; existential construction with infinitive subject. |
| 19 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 18 ἔστιν | iobj | high | Dative of possession/advantage. |
| 20 | ἀποδόντας | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 24 κομίσασθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative plural participle, with implicit/shared subject of the infinitive; temporal or conditional nuance. |
| 21 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀποδόντας | iobj | high | |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἐκείνων | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀποδόντας | obj | medium | Substantival genitive, ‘those belonging to them’; its relation to the preceding τὰ is elliptical/complex. |
| 24 | κομίσασθαι | κομίζω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 18 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, subject of ἔστιν; coordinated conceptually with ἀποδόντας. |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 οἰκεῖα | det | high | |
| 26 | οἰκεῖα | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 κομίσασθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of κομίσασθαι. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔφασκεν | punct | high |
"ἁμαρτάνοντες δὲ ὁμοῦ ἀποθανούμεθά γε μνήμης καὶ τοῖς ἔπειτα ἄξια ἐργασάμενοι."
The participles ἁμαρτάνοντες and ἐργασάμενοι are coordinated circumstantial clauses with an understood first-person plural subject; τοῖς ἔπειτα is interpreted as a dative temporal/addressee phrase, while μνήμης is syntactically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἁμαρτάνοντες | punct | high | |
| 2 | ἁμαρτάνοντες | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | advcl | high | Present active participle, circumstantial to the finite verb. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D- | _ | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἀποθανούμεθά | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-FMI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | γε | γε | PART | X- | _ | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | discourse | high | |
| 7 | μνήμης | μνήμη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐργασάμενοι | nmod | medium | Genitive associated with μνήμης ... ἄξια, likely an objective or descriptive genitive. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 12 ἐργασάμενοι | cc | high | |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἔπειτα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔπειτα | ἔπειτα | ADV | D- | _ | 12 ἐργασάμενοι | advmod | high | Substantivized temporal adverb, ‘those/people afterward’ or ‘later generations’. |
| 11 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἐργασάμενοι | obj | medium | Neuter plural substantive/adjectival object of ἐργασάμενοι. |
| 12 | ἐργασάμενοι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | advcl | medium | Aorist middle participle coordinated with the first participle; subject is understood 1st-plural. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | punct | high | |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀποθανούμεθά | punct | high |