Grammar parses for passage 4.22.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐπανιόντα δὲ τὸν οἰκέτην λοχῶσιν ἄνδρες τῶν Ἀρκάδων διάφοροι καὶ πρότερον τῷ Ἀριστοκράτει, σχόντες δέ τι καὶ ὕποπτον τότε ἐς αὐτόν.
The main clause is λοχῶσιν ἄνδρες, with ἐπανιόντα τὸν οἰκέτην as the accusative target of the ambush; σχόντες introduces a coordinated circumstantial participle sharing the subject ἄνδρες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπανιόντα | ἐπάνειμι | VERB | PPrsActAccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 λοχῶσιν | obj | high | Accusative present participle, subject/object of the ambush construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 λοχῶσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ArtAccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 οἰκέτην | det | high | |
| 4 | οἰκέτην | οἰκέτης | NOUN | NAccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπανιόντα | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπανιόντα understood as returning the household slave/retainer. |
| 5 | λοχῶσιν | λοχάω | VERB | VPresActInd3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, ‘lie in ambush for’. |
| 6 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NNomPlMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λοχῶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ArtGenPl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | NGenPlMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄνδρες | nmod | high | Partitive/descriptive genitive with ἄνδρες. |
| 9 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | AdjNomPlMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄνδρες | amod | medium | Predicative/descriptive adjective: hostile or at variance, especially with Aristocrates. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 διάφοροι | cc | medium | Coordinates the following adverbial phrase with the preceding characterization. |
| 11 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | Adv | _ | 9 διάφοροι | advmod | medium | Adverb ‘formerly/before’; scope within the characterization of the men. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ArtDatSgMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀριστοκράτει | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀριστοκράτει | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | NDatSgMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 διάφοροι | obl | medium | Dative of relation with διάφοροι, ‘at variance with Aristocrates’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λοχῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | σχόντες | ἔχω | VERB | APartActNomPlMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἄνδρες | advcl | high | Aorist participial adjunct with the same subject as ἄνδρες. |
| 16 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 σχόντες | cc | high | |
| 17 | τι | τις | PRON | IndefAccSgNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ὕποπτον | obj | high | Indefinite neuter accusative, object/predicate complement with ὕποπτον. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 τι | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’, modifying the indefinite expression. |
| 19 | ὕποπτον | ὕποπτος | ADJ | AdjAccSgNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 σχόντες | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with σχόντες: ‘having also some suspicion/mistrust’. |
| 20 | τότε | τότε | ADV | Adv | _ | 15 σχόντες | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 22 αὐτόν | case | high | |
| 22 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | PersAccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 19 ὕποπτον | obl | high | Object of ἐς, ‘toward/against him’; semantic complement of ὕποπτον. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λοχῶσιν | punct | high |
λοχήσαντες δὲ τὸν οἰκέτην ἐπανάγουσιν ἐς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας καὶ ἐπεδείκνυον ἐς τὸν δῆμον τὰ ἀντεπεσταλμένα ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος·
The participle λοχήσαντες is a circumstantial aorist active participle with implicit subject coreferential with ἐπανάγουσιν/ἐπεδείκνυον. τὰ ἀντεπεσταλμένα is a substantivized neuter plural perfect passive participle, ‘the counter-messages/sent responses’; ἐς governs the accusative with ἐπεδείκνυον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λοχήσαντες | λοχάω | VERB | AAPMPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 ἐπανάγουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood with the finite verbs. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπανάγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DATMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 οἰκέτην | det | high | |
| 4 | οἰκέτην | οἰκέτης | NOUN | NAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανάγουσιν | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἐπανάγουσιν | ἐπάγω | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb; present historical narration. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DAMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | NAMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπανάγουσιν | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐπεδείκνυον | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite verbs. |
| 10 | ἐπεδείκνυον | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 5 ἐπανάγουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 δῆμον | case | high | Directional/recipient-like complement with ἐπεδείκνυον. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 δῆμον | det | high | |
| 13 | δῆμον | δῆμος | NOUN | NAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεδείκνυον | obl | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἀντεπεσταλμένα | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 15 | ἀντεπεσταλμένα | ἀντιεπιστέλλω | VERB | VPRPNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 10 ἐπεδείκνυον | obj | high | Substantivized perfect passive participle, object of ἐπεδείκνυον. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Λακεδαίμονος | case | high | |
| 17 | Λακεδαίμονος | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | NGFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀντεπεσταλμένα | nmod | high | Source/ablative genitive with ἐκ. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπανάγουσιν | punct | high |
ἐπέστελλε δὲ ὁ Ἀνάξανδρος, φυγήν τε αὐτῷ τὴν πρότερον ἀπὸ τῆς Μεγάλης τάφρου φάμενος οὐκ ἀνόνητον ἐκ Λακεδαιμονίων γενέσθαι, προσέσεσθαι δέ οἱ χάριν καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ παρόντι μηνυμάτων.
The sentence has a reporting verb with a circumstantial φάμενος plus two infinitives; φυγήν is the accusative subject of the first infinitive, while the second infinitive expresses an additional promised benefit.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπέστελλε | ἐπιστέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπέστελλε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 Ἀνάξανδρος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀνάξανδρος | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπέστελλε | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 φάμενος | punct | high | |
| 6 | φυγήν | φυγή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 15 φάμενος | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object within the infinitival construction. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 φυγήν | cc | high | |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 6 φυγήν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/interest with φυγήν. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 10 πρότερον | det | high | |
| 10 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 6 φυγήν | amod | medium | Substantivized/elliptical temporal adjective modifying the prior flight. |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 τάφρου | case | high | |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 14 τάφρου | det | high | |
| 13 | Μεγάλης | μέγας | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 14 τάφρου | amod | high | Part of the geographic name Μεγάλη τάφρος. |
| 14 | τάφρου | τάφρος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 10 πρότερον | nmod | high | |
| 15 | φάμενος | φημί | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 1 ἐπέστελλε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with accusative-infinitive content. |
| 16 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 ἀνόνητον | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἀνόνητον | ἀνόνητος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 20 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with φυγήν. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 20 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Source/origin complement of γενέσθαι. |
| 20 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 15 φάμενος | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by φάμενος. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 προσέσεσθαι | punct | high | |
| 22 | προσέσεσθαι | πρόσειμι | VERB | V-FMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Future|Voice=Middle | 1 ἐπέστελλε | xcomp | high | Second infinitive coordinated semantically with γενέσθαι, dependent on the reporting construction. |
| 23 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 προσέσεσθαι | cc | high | |
| 24 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 22 προσέσεσθαι | iobj | high | Dative complement of προσέσεσθαι. |
| 25 | χάριν | χάρις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 22 προσέσεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 χάριν | cc | high | |
| 27 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 31 μηνυμάτων | det | high | |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 παρόντι | case | high | |
| 29 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DAT-SMN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 30 παρόντι | det | high | |
| 30 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 31 μηνυμάτων | acl | high | Substantive participle in the temporal phrase ἐν τῷ παρόντι. |
| 31 | μηνυμάτων | μήνυμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 25 χάριν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on χάριν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπέστελλε | punct | high |