Grammar parses for passage 4.22.7
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐς τὴν γῆν ἀφορῶν ἔκλαιεν·
The participle ἀφορῶν is a circumstantial nominative masculine singular participle agreeing with the understood subject of ἔκλαιεν; μὲν is correlative/continuative and leaves the clause open to a later μέν/δέ contrast.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | τε | _ | 8 ἔκλαιεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἔκλαιεν | det | high | Article substantivally marks the masculine singular subject; no overt noun follows. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 8 ἔκλαιεν | discourse | high | Correlative/continuative particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 6 γῆν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 γῆν | det | high | |
| 6 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφορῶν | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 7 | ἀφορῶν | ἀφοράω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἔκλαιεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the subject of ἔκλαιεν. |
| 8 | ἔκλαιεν | κλαίω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔκλαιεν | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ Ἀριστοκράτην οἱ Ἀρκάδες καταλιθώσαντες τὸν μὲν τῶν ὅρων ἐκτὸς ἐκβάλλουσιν ἄταφον, στήλην δὲ ἀνέθεσαν ἐς τὸ τέμενος τοῦ Λυκαίου λέγουσαν πάντως ὁ χρόνος εὗρε δίκην ἀδίκῳ βασιλῆι, εὗρε δὲ Μεσσήνης σὺν Διὶ τὸν προδότην ῥηιδίως.
The sentence has coordinated main predicates ἐκβάλλουσιν and ἀνέθεσαν; καταλιθώσαντες is a circumstantial participle modifying the Arcadians. λέγουσαν agrees with στήλην and introduces its inscription as indirect quotation; the final εὗρε clause is coordinated within the inscription. Token 34 Μεσσήνης is genitive, probably dependent on προδότην (the traitor of Messene), though the construction is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀριστοκράτην | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀριστοκράτην | Ἀριστοκράτης | PROPN | NE----AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | obj | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA3NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | NE----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καταλιθώσαντες | καταλιθόω | VERB | VAAPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὅρων | det | high | |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X----A-P- | _ | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | cc | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 16. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA3GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ὅρων | det | high | |
| 10 | ὅρων | ὅρος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐκτὸς | nmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate/complement with implicit location: outside the boundaries. |
| 12 | ἐκβάλλουσιν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | VPAI3PP | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ἄταφον | ἄταφος | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀριστοκράτην | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative of the object. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | στήλην | στήλη | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | VAAI3PP | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | conj | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 τέμενος | case | high | |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA3ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 τέμενος | det | high | |
| 20 | τέμενος | τέμενος | NOUN | N----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA3GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Λυκαίου | det | high | |
| 22 | Λυκαίου | Λύκαιος | PROPN | NE----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 τέμενος | nmod | high | Place/name adjective substantivized as a proper name. |
| 23 | λέγουσαν | λέγω | VERB | VPAPASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 στήλην | acl | high | Agrees with στήλην; introduces the inscription's wording. |
| 24 | πάντως | πάντως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 εὗρε | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA3NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 χρόνος | det | high | |
| 26 | χρόνος | χρόνος | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 εὗρε | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | εὗρε | εὑρίσκω | VERB | VAAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 λέγουσαν | ccomp | high | First coordinated clause in the inscription. |
| 28 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εὗρε | obj | high | |
| 29 | ἀδίκῳ | ἄδικος | ADJ | A----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 βασιλῆι | amod | high | |
| 30 | βασιλῆι | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 δίκην | iobj | high | Dative of the person receiving or suffering the punishment. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 εὗρε | punct | high | |
| 32 | εὗρε | εὑρίσκω | VERB | VAAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 27 εὗρε | conj | high | Second coordinated clause in the inscription. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 εὗρε | cc | high | |
| 34 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | NE----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 προδότην | nmod | medium | Likely 'the traitor of Messene'; attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 35 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 36 Διὶ | case | high | |
| 36 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | NE----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 εὗρε | obl | high | Dative governed by σύν. |
| 37 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 προδότην | det | high | |
| 38 | προδότην | προδότης | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 εὗρε | obj | high | |
| 39 | ῥηιδίως | ῥᾳδίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 32 εὗρε | advmod | high | Orthographic form ῥηιδίως. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐκβάλλουσιν | punct | high |
χαλεπὸν δὲ λαθεῖν θεὸν ἄνδρʼ ἐπίορκον.
Infinitival construction: χαλεπόν is the impersonal predicate, with ἄνδρα ἐπίορκον as accusative subject; θεόν is the object of 'escape notice'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χαλεπὸν | χαλεπός | ADJ | a-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 λαθεῖν | xcomp | high | Impersonal predicate adjective with infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 λαθεῖν | cc | high | |
| 3 | λαθεῖν | λανθάνω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitival clause: 'to escape notice'. |
| 4 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄνδρʼ | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἐπίορκον understood with λαθεῖν. |
| 5 | ἄνδρʼ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λαθεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | ἐπίορκον | ἐπίορκος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄνδρʼ | amod | high | Adjective modifying ἄνδρα; elided final nu in token form. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 λαθεῖν | punct | high |