Grammar parses for passage 4.23.1
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων ὁπόσοι περὶ τὴν Εἶραν ἢ καὶ ἑτέρωθί που τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἐγκατελήφθησαν, τούτους μὲν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι προσένειμαν ἐς τὸ εἱλωτικόν·
Relative clause ὁπόσοι ... ἐγκατελήφθησαν is substantive and selects τούτους as its resumptive demonstrative; τούτους is the object of προσένειμαν, with ἐς τὸ εἱλωτικόν expressing assignment into the helot class. The antecedent relation of τῶν Μεσσηνίων to ὁπόσοι is syntactically elliptical/partitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 προσένειμαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὁπόσοι | nmod | medium | Genitive constituent is linked to the substantive relative ὁπόσοι in a partitive/antecedent-like construction. |
| 4 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | DET | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 14 ἐγκατελήφθησαν | nsubj | high | Substantive relative pronoun, ‘as many as’. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Εἶραν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Εἶραν | det | high | |
| 7 | Εἶραν | Εἶρα | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγκατελήφθησαν | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἑτέρωθί | cc | high | Coordinates the two locative alternatives. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἑτέρωθί | advmod | high | Inclusive additive particle. |
| 10 | ἑτέρωθί | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἐγκατελήφθησαν | obl | high | Locative adverb, coordinated with the περί phrase. |
| 11 | που | πού | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἑτέρωθί | advmod | high | Indefinite adverb, ‘somewhere’. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | |
| 13 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἑτέρωθί | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on locative ἑτέρωθι. |
| 14 | ἐγκατελήφθησαν | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 20 προσένειμαν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 προσένειμαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | P--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 προσένειμαν | obj | high | Resumptive demonstrative referring to the persons identified by ὁπόσοι. |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 20 προσένειμαν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may be outside the supplied sentence. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 προσένειμαν | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | προσένειμαν | προσνέμω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 εἱλωτικόν | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 εἱλωτικόν | det | high | |
| 23 | εἱλωτικόν | εἱλωτικός | NOUN | A--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 προσένειμαν | obl | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the helot status/class’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 προσένειμαν | punct | high |
Πύλιοι δὲ καὶ Μοθωναῖοι καὶ ὅσοι τὰ παραθαλάσσια ᾤκουν, καὶ ναυσὶν ὑπὸ τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς Εἴρας ἀπαίρουσιν ἐς Κυλλήνην τὸ ἐπίνειον τὸ Ἠλείων.
The coordinated subjects Πύλιοι, Μοθωναῖοι, and the relative clause ὅσοι τὰ παραθαλάσσια ᾤκουν govern ἀπαίρουσιν; ναυσίν is an instrumental dative, and Κυλλήνην is appositional to the destination phrase τὸ ἐπίνειον τὸ Ἠλείων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πύλιοι | Πύλιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Μοθωναῖοι | cc | high | |
| 4 | Μοθωναῖοι | Μοθωναῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Πύλιοι | conj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 6 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | nsubj | high | Relative subject, with ᾤκουν as its internal predicate. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 παραθαλάσσια | det | high | |
| 8 | παραθαλάσσια | παραθαλάσσιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ᾤκουν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ᾤκουν. |
| 9 | ᾤκουν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | obl:instr | high | |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἅλωσιν | case | high | With accusative, temporal 'at/upon the capture'. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἅλωσιν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | obl:tmod | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Εἴρας | det | high | |
| 17 | Εἴρας | Εἴρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | |
| 18 | ἀπαίρουσιν | ἀπαίρω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Κυλλήνην | case | high | |
| 20 | Κυλλήνην | Κυλλήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | obl | high | Destination governed by ἐς. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπίνειον | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐπίνειον | ἐπίνειον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 Κυλλήνην | appos | high | Apposition to Κυλλήνην. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 Ἠλείων | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπίνειον | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/association: the Eleans' harbor. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπαίρουσιν | punct | high |
ἐκεῖθεν δὲ παρὰ τοὺς ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ Μεσσηνίους ἀπέστελλον, ἐθέλοντες κοινῷ στόλῳ χώραν ἔνθα οἰκήσουσιν ἀναζητεῖν, καὶ Ἀριστομένην ἐκέλευον ἡγεῖσθαί σφισιν ἐς ἀποικίαν.
The understood subject of ἀπέστελλον, ἐθέλοντες, and ἐκέλευον is plural and contextually refers to the preceding group. ἔνθα introduces a relative adverbial clause modifying χώραν; σφισιν is dative of the person commanded with ἡγεῖσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκεῖθεν | ἐκεῖθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 8 ἀπέστελλον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀπέστελλον | cc | high | |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | With accusative, indicating direction toward/among. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | LAPM-P-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀρκαδίᾳ | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἀρκαδίᾳ | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | Ne-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Proper=True | 7 Μεσσηνίους | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=True | 8 ἀπέστελλον | obl | medium | Ethnic substantive; παρὰ + accusative marks the destination/group approached. |
| 8 | ἀπέστελλον | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐθέλοντες | ἐθέλω | VERB | VPPP---NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἀπέστελλον | advcl | high | Conjoined participial circumstance with understood plural subject. |
| 11 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 στόλῳ | amod | high | |
| 12 | στόλῳ | στόλος | NOUN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀναζητεῖν | obl | medium | Instrumental/means dative with ἀναζητεῖν. |
| 13 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀναζητεῖν | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 15 οἰκήσουσιν | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing the clause modifying χώραν. |
| 15 | οἰκήσουσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V3FAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 13 χώραν | acl:relcl | high | Future relative clause, with implicit subject referring to the group. |
| 16 | ἀναζητεῖν | ἀναζητέω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἐθέλοντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἐθέλοντες. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἐκέλευον | cc | high | |
| 19 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | Ne-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=True | 20 ἐκέλευον | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐκέλευον | κελεύω | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἀπέστελλον | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπέστελλον; understood plural subject. |
| 21 | ἡγεῖσθαί | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V--PMN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 20 ἐκέλευον | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐκέλευον; middle voice has the sense ‘lead/go as guide’. |
| 22 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DD3-P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἡγεῖσθαί | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom/as whom he is to lead. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ἀποικίαν | case | high | |
| 24 | ἀποικίαν | ἀποικία | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἡγεῖσθαί | obl | high | Goal/destination of leading. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high |