Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 4.23.2

Grammar › Book 4 › Chapter 4.23 › 4.23.2
← 4.23.14.23.3 →

Passage 4.23.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed
84Greek tokens
2,579input tokens
6,176output tokens
Sentence 1

4.23.2 sentence 1

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ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ἕως ἂν περιῇ, πολεμήσειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔφασκεν, ἐπίστασθαι δὲ ἀκριβῶς ὡς ἀεί τι ἀναφύσεται τῇ Σπάρτῃ διʼ αὐτοῦ κακόν·

The syntax is a sequence of indirect statements governed by ἔφασκεν/ἐπίστασθαι; the main uncertainty is the exact parsing of περιῇ and the internal structure of διʼ αὐτοῦ κακόν.

punct discourse nsubj discourse mark det ccomp nsubj advcl punct mark nsubj xcomp xcomp advmod advmod iobj advmod obl punct discourse det case nmod root 1 ὁ ὁ / DET 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 αὐτὸς αὐτός / PRON 4 μὲν μέν / PART 5 ἕως ἕως / SCONJ 6 ἂν ἄν / PART 7 περιῇ περιάω / VERB 8 , , / PUNCT 9 πολεμήσειν πολεμέω / VERB 10 Λακεδαιμονίοις Λακεδαιμόνιος / PROPN 11 ἔφασκεν φάσκω / VERB 12 , , / PUNCT 13 ἐπίστασθαι ἐπίσταμαι / VERB 14 δὲ δέ / PART 15 ἀκριβῶς ἀκριβῶς / ADV 16 ὡς ὡς / SCONJ 17 ἀεί ἀεί / ADV 18 τι τις / PRON 19 ἀναφύσεται ἀναφύω / VERB 20 τῇ ὁ / DET 21 Σπάρτῃ Σπάρτη / PROPN 22 διʼ διά / ADP 23 αὐτοῦ αὐτός / PRON 24 κακόν κακόν / NOUN 25 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ὁὁDETl-s---mn-Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art3 αὐτὸςnsubjhighArticle with substantivized αὐτὸς.
2δὲδέPARTg--------_11 ἔφασκενdiscoursehighConnective particle.
3αὐτὸςαὐτόςPRONa-s---mn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp11 ἔφασκενnsubjhighStrong/emphatic subject.
4μὲνμένPARTg--------_11 ἔφασκενdiscoursehighCorrelative particle.
5ἕωςἕωςSCONJd--------_11 ἔφασκενmarkhighIntroduces temporal clause.
6ἂνἄνPARTg--------_7 περιῇadvmodhighModal particle with subordinate verb.
7περιῇπεριάωVERBv3sasa---Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act11 ἔφασκενadvclmediumLikely subjunctive in temporal clause; lemma/form somewhat uncertain.
8,,PUNCT__11 ἔφασκενpuncthighPunctuation.
9πολεμήσεινπολεμέωVERBv--fna---Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act11 ἔφασκενxcomphighComplement infinitive after ἔφασκεν.
10ΛακεδαιμονίοιςΛακεδαιμόνιοςPROPNn-p---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur9 πολεμήσεινoblmediumDative of disadvantage/indirect object with infinitive.
11ἔφασκενφάσκωVERBv3siia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain verb of first clause.
12,,PUNCT__11 ἔφασκενpuncthighPunctuation.
13ἐπίστασθαιἐπίσταμαιVERBv--pne---Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid11 ἔφασκενxcomphighSecond complement infinitive.
14δὲδέPARTg--------_13 ἐπίστασθαιdiscoursehighConnective particle.
15ἀκριβῶςἀκριβῶςADVd--------_13 ἐπίστασθαιadvmodhighAdverb modifying ἐπίστασθαι.
16ὡςὡςSCONJc--------_19 ἀναφύσεταιmarkhighIntroduces indirect statement/complement clause.
17ἀείἀείADVd--------_19 ἀναφύσεταιadvmodhighAdverb.
18τιτιςPRONi-s---nn-Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind24 κακόνdetmediumIndefinite pronoun functioning attributively; syntax somewhat uncertain.
19ἀναφύσεταιἀναφύωVERBv3sfim---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid13 ἐπίστασθαιccompmediumFuture middle; clause dependent on ἐπίστασθαι.
20τῇὁDETl-s---fd-Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art21 ΣπάρτῃdethighArticle with Σπάρτῃ.
21ΣπάρτῃΣπάρτηPROPNn-s---fd-Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing19 ἀναφύσεταιiobjhighDative of recipient/affected place.
22διʼδιάADPr--------_23 αὐτοῦcasehighPreposition.
23αὐτοῦαὐτόςPRONp-s---mg-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs24 κακόνnmodhighGenitive dependent of κακόν.
24κακόνκακόνNOUNn-s---nn-Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing19 ἀναφύσεταιnsubjhighSubject of ἀναφύσεται.
25··PUNCT__11 ἔφασκενpuncthighPunctuation.
Sentence 2

4.23.2 sentence 2

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ἐκείνοις δὲ Γόργον καὶ Μάντικλον ἔδωκεν ἡγεμόνας.

Syntactically, ἐκείνοις is a dative recipient, Γόργον καὶ Μάντικλον are coordinated accusative objects, and ἡγεμόνας is best taken as an accusative complement/apposition to the objects, though the plural form makes the exact relation somewhat uncertain.

iobj discourse obj conj punct cc obj root 1 ἐκείνοις ἐκεῖνος / PRON 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 Γόργον Γόργων / PROPN 4 καὶ καί / CCONJ 5 Μάντικλον Μάντικλος / PROPN 6 ἔδωκεν δίδωμι / VERB 7 ἡγεμόνας ἡγεμών / NOUN 8 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐκείνοιςἐκεῖνοςPRONPd-p---d-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur6 ἔδωκενiobjhighDative plural referring to the recipients/beneficiaries.
2δὲδέPARTG--------_6 ἔδωκενdiscoursehighPostpositive connective particle.
3ΓόργονΓόργωνPROPNNe-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ἔδωκενobjhighDirect object of ἔδωκεν.
4καὶκαίCCONJC--------_3 ΓόργονcchighJoins the two coordinated objects/names.
5ΜάντικλονΜάντικλοςPROPNNe-s---ma-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing3 ΓόργονconjhighSecond coordinated object/name.
6ἔδωκενδίδωμιVERBV-3aaia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain verb.
7ἡγεμόναςἡγεμώνNOUNNb-p---ma-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur6 ἔδωκενobjmediumLikely predicative/appositional accusative with ἔδωκεν; form is plural while sense may be appositional to the named objects.
8..PUNCT__6 ἔδωκενpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
Sentence 3

4.23.2 sentence 3

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ὁ δὲ Εὐεργετίδας ἐς μὲν τὸ Λύκαιον σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις Μεσσηνίοις καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπεχώρησεν· ἐκεῖθεν δέ, ὡς ἑώρα τὸ βούλευμα διαπεπτωκὸς τῷ Ἀριστομένει τὸ ἐς τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς Σπάρτης, ἀναπείσας τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς πεντήκοντα ἐπάνεισιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὴν Εἶραν, καὶ ἐντυχὼν διαρπάζουσιν ἔτι τὰ ἐπινίκια

The syntax becomes difficult in the latter half: ἐπάνεισιν and διαρπάζουσιν look textually problematic or elliptical, so the analysis is conservative where the surface form does not align cleanly with the apparent clause structure.

conj advmod discourse advcl discourse nsubj appos discourse conj obl obl obl advcl case case obl det obl obj det det punct iobj case nmod obj case case punct det amod cc punct mark det obj amod det det det punct det mark nsubj det det cc advcl advmod det root 1 ὁ ὁ / DET 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 Εὐεργετίδας Εὐεργετίδας / PROPN 4 ἐς εἰς / ADP 5 μὲν μέν / PART 6 τὸ ὁ / DET 7 Λύκαιον Λύκαιον / PROPN 8 σὺν σύν / ADP 9 τοῖς ὁ / DET 10 ἄλλοις ἄλλος / ADJ 11 Μεσσηνίοις Μεσσήνιος / PROPN 12 καὶ καί / CCONJ 13 αὐτὸς αὐτός / PRON 14 ἀπεχώρησεν ἀποχωρέω / VERB 15 · · / PUNCT 16 ἐκεῖθεν ἐκεῖθεν / ADV 17 δέ δέ / PART 18 , , / PUNCT 19 ὡς ὡς / SCONJ 20 ἑώρα ὁράω / VERB 21 τὸ ὁ / DET 22 βούλευμα βούλευμα / NOUN 23 διαπεπτωκὸς διαπίπτω / VERB 24 τῷ ὁ / DET 25 Ἀριστομένει Ἀριστομένης / PROPN 26 τὸ ὁ / DET 27 ἐς εἰς / ADP 28 τὴν ὁ / DET 29 κατάληψιν κατάληψις / NOUN 30 τῆς ὁ / DET 31 Σπάρτης Σπάρτη / PROPN 32 , , / PUNCT 33 ἀναπείσας ἀναπείθω / VERB 34 τῶν ὁ / DET 35 Μεσσηνίων Μεσσήνιος / PROPN 36 ὡς ὡς / SCONJ 37 πεντήκοντα πεντήκοντα / NUM 38 ἐπάνεισιν ἐπαίνεσις / NOUN 39 ἐπὶ ἐπί / ADP 40 τοὺς ὁ / DET 41 Λακεδαιμονίους Λακεδαιμόνιος / PROPN 42 ἐς εἰς / ADP 43 τὴν ὁ / DET 44 Εἶραν Εἶρα / PROPN 45 , , / PUNCT 46 καὶ καί / CCONJ 47 ἐντυχὼν ἐντυγχάνω / VERB 48 διαρπάζουσιν διαρπάζω / VERB 49 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 50 τὰ ὁ / DET 51 ἐπινίκια ἐπινίκιος / NOUN
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ὁὁDETl-s---mn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art3 ΕὐεργετίδαςdethighArticle modifying the proper name.
2δὲδέPARTg--------_14 ἀπεχώρησενdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ΕὐεργετίδαςΕὐεργετίδαςPROPNn-s---mn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing14 ἀπεχώρησενnsubjhighSubject of ἀπεχώρησεν.
4ἐςεἰςADPr--------_7 ΛύκαιονcasehighPreposition governing accusative.
5μὲνμένPARTg--------_14 ἀπεχώρησενdiscoursehighCorrelative particle.
6τὸὁDETl-s---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art7 ΛύκαιονdethighArticle modifying Λύκαιον.
7ΛύκαιονΛύκαιονPROPNn-s---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing14 ἀπεχώρησενoblhighGoal of motion with ἐς.
8σὺνσύνADPr--------_11 ΜεσσηνίοιςcasehighPreposition.
9τοῖςὁDETl-p---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art11 ΜεσσηνίοιςdethighArticle modifying ἄλλοις.
10ἄλλοιςἄλλοςADJa-p---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 ΜεσσηνίοιςamodhighAttributive adjective.
11ΜεσσηνίοιςΜεσσήνιοςPROPNn-p---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur14 ἀπεχώρησενoblhighComitative phrase with σὺν.
12καὶκαίCCONJc--------_13 αὐτὸςcchighCoords αὐτός with the subject.
13αὐτὸςαὐτόςPRONp-s---mn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing3 ΕὐεργετίδαςapposmediumIntensive/pronominal apposition to Εὐεργετίδας.
14ἀπεχώρησενἀποχωρέωVERBv-3saia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain verb of the first clause.
15··PUNCT__14 ἀπεχώρησενpuncthighPunctuation.
16ἐκεῖθενἐκεῖθενADVd--------_38 ἐπάνεισινadvmodmediumAdverbial of motion/source for ἐπάνεισιν.
17δέδέPARTg--------_38 ἐπάνεισινdiscoursehighConnective particle.
18,,PUNCT__20 ἑώραpuncthighPunctuation.
19ὡςὡςSCONJc--------_20 ἑώραmarkhighSubordinating marker.
20ἑώραὁράωVERBv-3slia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act38 ἐπάνεισινadvclmediumTemporal/circumstantial clause; form is unusual, likely pluperfect/imperfect in narrative context.
21τὸὁDETl-s---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art22 βούλευμαdethighArticle.
22βούλευμαβούλευμαNOUNn-s---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing23 διαπεπτωκὸςobjhighObject of ἑώρα.
23διαπεπτωκὸςδιαπίπτωVERBv-srppna-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act22 βούλευμαamodhighAdjectival participle modifying βούλευμα.
24τῷὁDETl-s---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art25 ἈριστομένειdethighArticle modifying Ἀριστομένει.
25ἈριστομένειἈριστομένηςPROPNn-s---md-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing23 διαπεπτωκὸςiobjmediumDative with διαπίπτω: indirect object/advantageous dative.
26τὸὁDETl-s---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art29 κατάληψινdethighArticle.
27ἐςεἰςADPr--------_29 κατάληψινcasehighPreposition.
28τὴνὁDETl-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art29 κατάληψινdethighArticle.
29κατάληψινκατάληψιςNOUNn-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing23 διαπεπτωκὸςoblhighPrepositional phrase complementing the participle.
30τῆςὁDETl-s---fg-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art31 ΣπάρτηςdethighArticle modifying Σπάρτης.
31ΣπάρτηςΣπάρτηPROPNn-s---fg-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing29 κατάληψινnmodhighGenitive dependent of κατάληψιν.
32,,PUNCT__33 ἀναπείσαςpuncthighPunctuation.
33ἀναπείσαςἀναπείθωVERBv-sapamn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act38 ἐπάνεισινadvclhighCircumstantial participle modifying the subject.
34τῶνὁDETl-p---mg-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art35 ΜεσσηνίωνdethighArticle.
35ΜεσσηνίωνΜεσσήνιοςPROPNn-p---mg-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur33 ἀναπείσαςobjmediumPartitive genitive with ἀναπείσας.
36ὡςὡςSCONJc--------_37 πεντήκονταmarkhighIntroduces approximate numeral phrase.
37πεντήκονταπεντήκονταNUMm-p---na-Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur38 ἐπάνεισινnsubjmediumApproximate subject of ἐπάνεισιν; analysis is context-dependent.
38ἐπάνεισινἐπαίνεσιςNOUNn-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing14 ἀπεχώρησενconjlowLikely text may be corrupt for a verb; annotated conservatively as given form, though syntax suggests a finite verb is intended.
39ἐπὶἐπίADPr--------_41 ΛακεδαιμονίουςcasehighPreposition.
40τοὺςὁDETl-p---ma-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art41 ΛακεδαιμονίουςdethighArticle.
41ΛακεδαιμονίουςΛακεδαιμόνιοςPROPNn-p---ma-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur38 ἐπάνεισινoblmediumGoal of motion with ἐπὶ.
42ἐςεἰςADPr--------_44 ΕἶρανcasehighPreposition.
43τὴνὁDETl-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art44 ΕἶρανdethighArticle.
44ΕἶρανΕἶραPROPNn-s---fa-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing38 ἐπάνεισινoblhighGoal with ἐς.
45,,PUNCT__47 ἐντυχὼνpuncthighPunctuation.
46καὶκαίCCONJc--------_47 ἐντυχὼνcchighCoordination.
47ἐντυχὼνἐντυγχάνωVERBv-sapamn-Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act38 ἐπάνεισινconjhighParticipial clause coordinated with ἀναπείσας.
48διαρπάζουσινδιαρπάζωVERBv-3ppia---Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act47 ἐντυχὼνadvcllowSyntax is difficult; finite form may be used adverbially or text may be problematic.
49ἔτιἔτιADVd--------_48 διαρπάζουσινadvmodhighAdverb modifying διαρπάζουσιν.
50τὰὁDETl-p---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art51 ἐπινίκιαdethighArticle.
51ἐπινίκιαἐπινίκιοςNOUNn-p---na-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur48 διαρπάζουσινobjhighObject of διαρπάζουσιν.
← 4.23.14.23.3 →