Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.23.2

← 4.23.1 4.23.3 →

Passage 4.23.2

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3sentences parsed

84Greek tokens

2,577input tokens

6,135output tokens

Sentence 1

4.23.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 25
Input: 820
Output: 1,791
Total: 2,611

ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ἕως ἂν περιῇ, πολεμήσειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔφασκεν, ἐπίστασθαι δὲ ἀκριβῶς ὡς ἀεί τι ἀναφύσεται τῇ Σπάρτῃ διʼ αὐτοῦ κακόν·

Indirect discourse depends on ἔφασκεν: πολεμήσειν is the first infinitival complement, while ἐπίστασθαι introduces a second coordinated assertion; ἕως ἂν περιῇ is a temporal indefinite clause with subjunctive. The subject of the infinitives is understood as αὐτός, and κακόν is the subject of ἀναφύσεται in the ὡς-clause.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 αὐτὸς	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 ἔφασκεν	cc	high
3	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	A----NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Int	11 ἔφασκεν	nsubj	high	Intensive pronoun, subject understood with both infinitives.
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	11 ἔφασκεν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with following δέ.
5	ἕως	ἕως	SCONJ	C--------	_	7 περιῇ	mark	high
6	ἂν	ἄν	PART	X--------	_	7 περιῇ	aux	high	Modal particle with subjunctive.
7	περιῇ	περίειμι	VERB	V####SPA-	Mood=Sub\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ἔφασκεν	advcl	medium	Temporal indefinite clause; subject is understood αὐτός.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 περιῇ	punct	high
9	πολεμήσειν	πολεμέω	VERB	V---FNA-	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	11 ἔφασκεν	ccomp	high	Infinitive in indirect discourse.
10	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 πολεμήσειν	iobj	high	Dative of the party fought against.
11	ἔφασκεν	φημί	VERB	V- ImpfAI-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἔφασκεν	punct	high
13	ἐπίστασθαι	ἐπίσταμαι	VERB	V---Pne-	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	11 ἔφασκεν	ccomp	high	Second infinitival complement of ἔφασκεν.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἐπίστασθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the second asserted infinitive.
15	ἀκριβῶς	ἀκριβῶς	ADV	D--------	_	13 ἐπίστασθαι	advmod	high
16	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	19 ἀναφύσεται	mark	high	Introduces content clause dependent on ἐπίστασθαι.
17	ἀεί	ἀεί	ADV	D--------	_	19 ἀναφύσεται	advmod	high
18	τι	τις	PRON	P---NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	19 ἀναφύσεται	nsubj	medium	Indefinite neuter subject; agrees semantically with κακόν, which is predicative/appositional.
19	ἀναφύσεται	ἀναφύω	VERB	V-- FMI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	13 ἐπίστασθαι	ccomp	high
20	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 Σπάρτῃ	det	high
21	Σπάρτῃ	Σπάρτη	PROPN	N----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἀναφύσεται	obl	high	Dative of reference.
22	διʼ	διά	ADP	R--------	_	23 αὐτοῦ	case	high	Elided form διά.
23	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P---GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	19 ἀναφύσεται	obl	high	Genitive complement of διά.
24	κακόν	κακός	ADJ	A----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἀναφύσεται	xcomp	medium	Neuter substantive/predicative complement, coordinated semantically with τι; syntax is somewhat compressed.
25	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἔφασκεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.23.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 8
Input: 640
Output: 666
Total: 1,306

ἐκείνοις δὲ Γόργον καὶ Μάντικλον ἔδωκεν ἡγεμόνας.

ἔδωκεν takes ἐκείνοις as indirect object and ἡγεμόνας as its accusative object/predicative complement; Γόργον and Μάντικλον are coordinated and appositional to ἐκείνοις.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐκείνοις	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	A-DatPl-M	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	6 ἔδωκεν	iobj	high	Dative recipient of ἔδωκεν.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἔδωκεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Γόργον	Γόργος	PROPN	N-AccS-M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	7 ἡγεμόνας	conj	high	First accusative complement of ἡγεμόνας.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 Μάντικλον	cc	high	Coordinates the two personal names.
5	Μάντικλον	Μάντικλος	PROPN	N-AccS-M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Giv\|Number=Sing	3 Γόργον	conj	high	Second accusative complement of ἡγεμόνας.
6	ἔδωκεν	δίδωμι	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb, aorist active indicative.
7	ἡγεμόνας	ἡγεμών	NOUN	N-AccP-M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἔδωκεν	obj	high	Accusative object/predicative complement: gave them as leaders.
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἔδωκεν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.23.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 51
Input: 1,117
Output: 3,678
Total: 4,795

ὁ δὲ Εὐεργετίδας ἐς μὲν τὸ Λύκαιον σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις Μεσσηνίοις καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπεχώρησεν· ἐκεῖθεν δέ, ὡς ἑώρα τὸ βούλευμα διαπεπτωκὸς τῷ Ἀριστομένει τὸ ἐς τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς Σπάρτης, ἀναπείσας τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς πεντήκοντα ἐπάνεισιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐς τὴν Εἶραν, καὶ ἐντυχὼν διαρπάζουσιν ἔτι τὰ ἐπινίκια

The sentence has a first finite clause with Εὐεργετίδας as subject, followed by a participial sequence: ἀναπείσας governs the accusative-like partitive/genitive Μεσσηνίων and the content clause ὡς ... ἐπάνεισιν; ἐντυχών introduces the coordinated concluding action, with διαρπάζουσιν likely a vivid historical-present finite verb whose subject is the Lakedaimonians (or, less likely, an elliptical plural subject).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 Εὐεργετίδας	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Εὐεργετίδας	Εὐεργετίδας	PROPN	NE--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	nsubj	high
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	7 Λύκαιον	case	high
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	advmod	high	Correlative μέν with later δέ.
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA--ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Λύκαιον	det	high
7	Λύκαιον	Λύκαιον	PROPN	NE--ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	obl	high	Goal/place with εἰς.
8	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R--------	_	11 Μεσσηνίοις	case	high
9	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	RA--DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	11 Μεσσηνίοις	det	high
10	ἄλλοις	ἄλλος	ADJ	A--DPM----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 Μεσσηνίοις	amod	high
11	Μεσσηνίοις	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A--DPM----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	obl	high	Comitative with σύν.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 αὐτὸς	cc	high
13	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	nsubj	high	Emphatic subject, coordinated with the comitative group semantically.
14	ἀπεχώρησεν	ἀποχωρέω	VERB	V--IAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἀπεχώρησεν	punct	high
16	ἐκεῖθεν	ἐκεῖθεν	ADV	D--------	PronType=Dem	38 ἐπάνεισιν	advmod	high	Point of departure/time in the second phase.
17	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	38 ἐπάνεισιν	cc	high	Connects the subsequent narrative action.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 ἑώρα	punct	high
19	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	G--------	_	20 ἑώρα	mark	high	Introduces a causal/perceptual subordinate clause.
20	ἑώρα	ὁράω	VERB	V--IIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	33 ἀναπείσας	advcl	medium	Subject is understood Εὐεργετίδας; governs τὸ βούλευμα διαπεπτωκός.
21	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA--ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	22 βούλευμα	det	high
22	βούλευμα	βούλευμα	NOUN	N--ASN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἑώρα	obj	high
23	διαπεπτωκὸς	διαπίπτω	VERB	V-PRPAN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	22 βούλευμα	acl	high	Predicative participle with βούλευμα.
24	τῷ	ὁ	DET	RA--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	25 Ἀριστομένει	det	high
25	Ἀριστομένει	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	NE--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 διαπεπτωκὸς	obl	medium	Dative of reference/agent with διαπεπτωκός.
26	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA--ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 κατάληψιν	det	high
27	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	29 κατάληψιν	case	high
28	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 κατάληψιν	det	high
29	κατάληψιν	κατάληψις	NOUN	N--ASF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 διαπεπτωκὸς	obl	medium	Infinitival/action nominal complement specifying the failed plan.
30	τῆς	ὁ	DET	RA--GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	31 Σπάρτης	det	high
31	Σπάρτης	Σπάρτη	PROPN	NE--GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 κατάληψιν	nmod	high
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	33 ἀναπείσας	punct	high
33	ἀναπείσας	ἀναπείθω	VERB	V-APA-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	38 ἐπάνεισιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial/temporal participle, subject Εὐεργετίδας.
34	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	35 Μεσσηνίων	det	high
35	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A--GPM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 ἀναπείσας	obj	medium	Genitive with ἀναπείθω, likely partitive/among the persuaded.
36	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	G--------	_	38 ἐπάνεισιν	mark	medium	Introduces reported content or purpose-like clause.
37	πεντήκοντα	πεντήκοντα	NUM	M--------	NumType=Card	38 ἐπάνεισιν	nsubj	medium	Substantival numeral, understood Μεσσήνιοι.
38	ἐπάνεισιν	ἐπάνειμι	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Historical present; subject may be the understood group of fifty. Coordinated narratively with the participial chain.
39	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	41 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high
40	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA--APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	41 Λακεδαιμονίους	det	high
41	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A--APM----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	38 ἐπάνεισιν	obl	high	Target with ἐπί + accusative.
42	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	44 Εἶραν	case	high
43	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	44 Εἶραν	det	high
44	Εἶραν	Εἶρα	PROPN	NE--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 ἐπάνεισιν	obl	high	Goal/place with εἰς.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	47 ἐντυχὼν	punct	high
46	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	47 ἐντυχὼν	cc	high
47	ἐντυχὼν	ἐντυγχάνω	VERB	V-APA-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	38 ἐπάνεισιν	conj	high	Coordinated participle, subject Εὐεργετίδας; takes dative understood from διαρπάζουσιν context.
48	διαρπάζουσιν	διαρπάζω	VERB	V-PIA-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	47 ἐντυχὼν	parataxis	low	Finite historical present; subject is unexpressed, probably Λακεδαιμόνιοι, with ἐντυχών perhaps understood as encountering them.
49	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D--------	_	48 διαρπάζουσιν	advmod	high
50	τὰ	ὁ	DET	RA--APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	51 ἐπινίκια	det	high
51	ἐπινίκια	ἐπινίκιος	NOUN	A--APN----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	48 διαρπάζουσιν	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, 'victory celebrations/ spoils'.

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