Grammar parses for passage 4.23.10
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπράχθη τῆς ἐνάτης καὶ εἰκοστῆς, ἣν Χίονις Λάκων τὸ δεύτερον ἐνίκα, Μιλτιάδου παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἄρχοντος.
The sentence has a genitive date expression, a relative clause identifying the Olympiad by Chionis’s second victory, and a genitive absolute dating event with Miltiades as archon.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 6 ἐπράχθη | nsubj:pass | high | Demonstrative subject of the passive verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 ἐπράχθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | case | high | Takes the genitive in the date expression. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπράχθη | obl | high | Genitive time expression with ἐπί. |
| 6 | ἐπράχθη | πράσσω | VERB | V-API-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive aorist: ‘these things were done’. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἐνάτης | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐνάτης | ἔνατος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 εἰκοστῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the two ordinal adjectives. |
| 10 | εἰκοστῆς | εἰκοστός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | conj | high | Second ordinal modifying the omitted/repeated Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπράχθη | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | PR-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐνίκα; refers to the Olympiad. |
| 13 | Χίονις | Χίονις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Athlete subject. |
| 14 | Λάκων | Λάκων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Χίονις | appos | high | Apposition specifying Chionis as a Spartan. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 δεύτερον | det | high | Article substantivizing the ordinal. |
| 16 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | advmod | high | Substantivized ordinal, ‘for the second time’. |
| 17 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπράχθη | advcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; imperfect describes the victory. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐνίκα | punct | high | |
| 19 | Μιλτιάδου | Μιλτιάδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 20 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 21 Ἀθηναίοις | case | high | With dative, ‘among/in the hands of’. |
| 21 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Dative complement of παρά. |
| 22 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπράχθη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: ‘while Miltiades was archon at Athens’. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπράχθη | punct | high |
Μάντικλος δὲ καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν Μεσσηνίοις τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἐποίησε, καὶ ἔστιν ἐκτὸς τείχους ὁ θεὸς ἱδρυμένος, Ἡρακλῆς καλούμενος Μάντικλος, καθάπερ γε καὶ Ἄμμων ἐν Λιβύῃ καὶ ὁ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι Βῆλος ὁ μὲν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Αἰγυπτίου Βήλου τοῦ Λιβύης ὄνομα ἔσχεν, Ἄμμων δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱδρυσαμένου ποιμένος.
The second clause has ἔστιν with a nominative subject θεός and predicate participle ἱδρυμένος; the following nominative apposition identifies the god. In the final clause, ὁ ἱδρυσαμένος ποιμήν is the source expressed by ἀπό, with the participle substantivized.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μάντικλος | Μάντικλος | PROPN | No-msc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἱερὸν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Sna-s--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | Nna-s--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Substantive noun, 'sanctuary'. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nmd-p--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίησε | iobj | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Sg-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ngm-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | Vaaia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | Vpaa3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐποίησε | conj | high | Existential/copular clause coordinated with the first finite verb. |
| 13 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 τείχους | case | high | |
| 14 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | Ngn-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 θεὸς | obl | high | |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 16 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N---mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | ἱδρυμένος | ἱδρύω | VERB | Vprpmn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 16 θεὸς | amod | high | Perfect passive participle functioning predicatively with ἔστιν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 θεὸς | appos | high | |
| 20 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | Vpppmn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 19 Ἡρακλῆς | acl | high | |
| 21 | Μάντικλος | Μάντικλος | PROPN | N--mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 καλούμενος | xcomp | medium | Name complement in the passive naming construction. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 23 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 Ἄμμων | mark | high | |
| 24 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 23 καθάπερ | advmod | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 Ἄμμων | cc | high | |
| 26 | Ἄμμων | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N--mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστιν | conj | high | Elliptical comparison: 'just as Ammon [is] ...'. |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 Λιβύῃ | case | high | |
| 28 | Λιβύῃ | Λιβύη | PROPN | Ne-s--- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 Ἄμμων | obl | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 Βῆλος | cc | high | |
| 30 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 Βῆλος | det | high | |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 Βαβυλῶνι | case | high | |
| 32 | Βαβυλῶνι | Βαβυλών | PROPN | Ne-s--- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 Βῆλος | nmod | high | |
| 33 | Βῆλος | Βῆλος | PROPN | N--mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Ἄμμων | conj | high | Second member of the comparison. |
| 34 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 Βήλου | det | high | |
| 35 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 43 ἔσχεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, paired with δέ at token 46. |
| 36 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 37 ἀνδρὸς | case | high | |
| 37 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Ngm-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 ἔσχεν | obl | high | |
| 38 | Αἰγυπτίου | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | Aogms--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | |
| 39 | Βήλου | Βῆλος | PROPN | Ngm-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive apposition to ἀνδρός. |
| 40 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---mg-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 Λιβύης | det | high | |
| 41 | Λιβύης | Λιβύη | PROPN | Ngf-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 Βήλου | nmod | high | Possessive/descriptive genitive modifying Βήλου. |
| 42 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | Nna-s--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 43 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | Vaaia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 33 Βῆλος | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-like explanatory clause under Βῆλος; antecedent relation is syntactically elliptical. |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 45 | Ἄμμων | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N--mn-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστιν | conj | high | Second member of the μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 46 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 Ἄμμων | cc | high | |
| 47 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 50 ποιμένος | case | high | |
| 48 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---mg-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 49 ἱδρυσαμένου | det | high | |
| 49 | ἱδρυσαμένου | ἱδρύω | VERB | Vampmg-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 50 ποιμένος | amod | high | Substantivized genitive participle. |
| 50 | ποιμένος | ποιμήν | NOUN | Ngm-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 Ἄμμων | obl | high | |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high |
Μεσσηνίοις μὲν οὖν τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐγεγόνει πέρας τῆς ἄλης·
The dative Μεσσηνίοις is the affected/experiencer argument of ἐγεγόνει; τοῖς φεύγουσιν is a substantivized participial apposition, while πέρας takes the genitive τῆς ἄλης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγεγόνει | iobj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 ἐγεγόνει | discourse | high | Correlative particle; corresponding δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 ἐγεγόνει | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 φεύγουσιν | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 5 | φεύγουσιν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Μεσσηνίοις | appos | high | Substantivized present participle, appositional to Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 6 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-LAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Pluperfect of γίγνομαι with stative/resultative sense, ‘had come to be’. |
| 7 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλης | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄλης | ἄλη | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πέρας: ‘end of the wandering’. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high |