Grammar parses for passage 4.23.10
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος ἐπράχθη τῆς ἐνάτης καὶ εἰκοστῆς, ἣν Χίονις Λάκων τὸ δεύτερον ἐνίκα, Μιλτιάδου παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἄρχοντος.
Main clause with a relative clause on ἣν and a following genitive absolute (Μιλτιάδου ... ἄρχοντος).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 6 ἐπράχθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐπράχθη | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | Article modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 5 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπράχθη | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐπί. |
| 6 | ἐπράχθη | πράσσω | VERB | V-3SAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite passive verb, sentence root. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 εἰκοστῆς | det | high | Article with numeral phrase. |
| 8 | ἐνάτης | ἐνάτος | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἰκοστῆς | amod | high | Ordinal adjective modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 εἰκοστῆς | cc | high | Coordinator in numeral phrase. |
| 10 | εἰκοστῆς | εἰκοστός | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Coordinate ordinal with ἐνάτης, modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπράχθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐνίκα. |
| 13 | Χίονις | Χίονις | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 14 | Λάκων | Λάκων | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Χίονις | appos | high | Apposition to Χίονις. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 δεύτερον | det | high | Article with adverbial accusative. |
| 16 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | advmod | high | Accusative of respect/iteration, modifying ἐνίκα. |
| 17 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-3SIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἣν | acl:relcl | high | Verb in relative clause modifying ἣν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐνίκα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | Μιλτιάδου | Μιλτιάδης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject; case is genitive. |
| 20 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Ἀθηναίοις | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 21 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Object of παρʼ. |
| 22 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχων | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπράχθη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying main clause. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπράχθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Μάντικλος δὲ καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν Μεσσηνίοις τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἐποίησε, καὶ ἔστιν ἐκτὸς τείχους ὁ θεὸς ἱδρυμένος, Ἡρακλῆς καλούμενος Μάντικλος, καθάπερ γε καὶ Ἄμμων ἐν Λιβύῃ καὶ ὁ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι Βῆλος ὁ μὲν ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς Αἰγυπτίου Βήλου τοῦ Λιβύης ὄνομα ἔσχεν, Ἄμμων δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱδρυσαμένου ποιμένος.
The syntax is partly paratactic: the main statement with ἐποίησε is followed by coordinated existential and comparative clauses, with appositional naming around Ἡρακλῆς/Μάντικλος and several prepositional source phrases.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μάντικλος | Μάντικλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 9 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Connects the object with prior context. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 5 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article with ἱερὸν. |
| 5 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 9 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησε. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 5 ἱερὸν | amod | medium | Dative of reference/interest modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | Article with Ἡρακλέους. |
| 8 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἱερὸν. |
| 9 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 9 ἐποίησε | conj | high | Second coordinated clause. |
| 13 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADP | _ | _ | 14 τείχους | case | medium | Treated as preposition with genitive. |
| 14 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ἔστιν | obl | high | Adverbial/genitive complement with ἐκτός. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 θεὸς | det | high | Article with θεὸς. |
| 16 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 17 ἱδρυμένος | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of ἱδρυμένος. |
| 17 | ἱδρυμένος | ἱδρύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 12 ἔστιν | xcomp | medium | Participial predicate with ἔστιν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 21 Μάντικλος | nsubj | high | Subject of participle καλούμενος. |
| 20 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 19 Ἡρακλῆς | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 21 | Μάντικλος | Μάντικλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἔστιν | parataxis | medium | Appositional naming of the god; could also be apposition to Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | mark | high | Introduces comparison. |
| 24 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 23 καθάπερ | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasis. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 Ἄμμων | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 26 | Ἄμμων | Ἄμμων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἔστιν | conj | high | Part of comparative exemplification. |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 28 Λιβύῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 28 | Λιβύῃ | Λιβύη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 26 Ἄμμων | nmod | high | Locative modifier. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 33 Βῆλος | cc | high | Coordinates another example. |
| 30 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 33 Βῆλος | det | high | Article with Βῆλος. |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 32 Βαβυλῶνι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 32 | Βαβυλῶνι | Βαβυλών | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 33 Βῆλος | nmod | high | Locative modifier. |
| 33 | Βῆλος | Βῆλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ἔστιν | conj | high | Second comparative example. |
| 34 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 39 Βήλου | det | high | Article with Βήλου. |
| 35 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 43 ἔσχεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 36 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 37 ἀνδρὸς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 37 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 43 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Source/origin phrase. |
| 38 | Αἰγυπτίου | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 37 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | Modifies ἀνδρὸς. |
| 39 | Βήλου | Βῆλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 37 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀνδρὸς. |
| 40 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 41 Λιβύης | det | medium | Article with Λιβύης; gender in text is irregular/unclear. |
| 41 | Λιβύης | Λιβύη | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 39 Βήλου | nmod | medium | Likely dependent on Βήλου, forming an epithet/apposition. |
| 42 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 43 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Object of ἔσχεν. |
| 43 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 ἔστιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb in comparative clause. |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 45 | Ἄμμων | Ἄμμων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 43 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχεν. |
| 46 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 43 ἔσχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 47 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 49 ἱδρυσαμένου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 48 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 49 ἱδρυσαμένου | det | high | Article with ἱδρυσαμένου. |
| 49 | ἱδρυσαμένου | ἱδρύω | VERB | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 50 ποιμένος | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ποιμένος. |
| 50 | ποιμένος | ποιμήν | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 43 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Source phrase governed by ἀπό. |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Μεσσηνίοις μὲν οὖν τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐγεγόνει πέρας τῆς ἄλης·
The syntax is straightforward: ἐγεγόνει is the root, with πέρας as its complement and a dative phrase specifying who the result concerned.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NNP-DAT-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγεγόνει | obl | high | Dative of reference/recipient with ἐγεγόνει. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Μεσσηνίοις | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἐγεγόνει | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 φεύγουσιν | det | high | Article modifying participle. |
| 5 | φεύγουσιν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 Μεσσηνίοις | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying Μεσσηνίοις; could also be appositional. |
| 6 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ILA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N-ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγεγόνει | obj | high | Accusative complement/predicate of becoming. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλης | det | high | Article modifying ἄλης. |
| 9 | ἄλης | ἄλη | NOUN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πέρας. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |