Grammar parses for passage 4.23.5
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἐς τὴν Κυλλήνην οἱ Μεσσήνιοι συνελέχθησαν, τὸν μὲν παρόντα χειμῶνα ἔδοξεν αὐτοῦ χειμάζειν, καὶ τὴν ἀγοράν σφισι καὶ χρήματα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι παρεῖχον·
The opening ὡς-clause is temporal; ἔδοξεν is impersonal with χειμάζειν as its infinitival complement, followed by a coordinated clause with παρεῖχον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 8 συνελέχθησαν | mark | medium | Temporal/subordinating ὡς introducing the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 συνελέχθησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Κυλλήνην | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Κυλλήνην | det | high | |
| 5 | Κυλλήνην | Κυλλήνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 συνελέχθησαν | obl | high | Goal/location of gathering. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συνελέχθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | The Messenians are the passive subjects of συνελέχθησαν. |
| 8 | συνελέχθησαν | συλλέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 14 ἔδοξεν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate verb. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συνελέχθησαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χειμῶνα | det | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἔδοξεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by καί in token 18. |
| 12 | παρόντα | παρών | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χειμῶνα | amod | high | Substantival/attributive adjective: the present/current. |
| 13 | χειμῶνα | χειμών | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔδοξεν | obj | high | Accusative duration/object with χειμάζειν. |
| 14 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal δοκέω governing the infinitive. |
| 15 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 χειμάζειν | obl | medium | Genitive of place/time with χειμάζειν: there/at that place. |
| 16 | χειμάζειν | χειμάζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of impersonal ἔδοξεν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔδοξεν | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 παρεῖχον | cc | high | Coordinates the subsequent clause and answers μέν. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀγοράν | det | high | |
| 20 | ἀγοράν | ἀγορά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 παρεῖχον | obj | high | Object of παρεῖχον. |
| 21 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 26 παρεῖχον | iobj | high | Dative of recipient. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 χρήματα | cc | high | |
| 23 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 παρεῖχον | obj | high | Second coordinated object of παρεῖχον. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Ἠλεῖοι | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 παρεῖχον | nsubj | high | The Eleans are the subject of παρεῖχον. |
| 26 | παρεῖχον | παρέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 14 ἔδοξεν | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb after ἔδοξεν. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔδοξεν | punct | high |
ἅμα δὲ τῷ ἦρι ἐβουλεύοντο ποῖ χρὴ σταλῆναι.
ἅμα governs the dative temporal phrase τῷ ἦρι; ἐβουλεύοντο takes an indirect deliberative question ποῖ χρὴ σταλῆναι, with χρὴ impersonal and σταλῆναι its infinitival complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Ind | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἦρι | det | high | |
| 4 | ἦρι | ἔαρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἅμα | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἐβουλεύοντο | βουλεύω | VERB | V-3IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ποῖ | ποῖ | ADV | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 χρὴ | advmod | high | Directional interrogative adverb in an indirect question. |
| 7 | χρὴ | χρή | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | ccomp | high | Impersonal verb governing the infinitive σταλῆναι. |
| 8 | σταλῆναι | στέλλω | VERB | V-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 χρὴ | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive; understood subject is the deliberating group. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | punct | high |
γνῶμαι δὲ ἦσαν Γόργου μὲν Ζάκυνθον τὴν ὑπὲρ Κεφαλληνίας καταλαβόντας καὶ νησιώτας ἀντὶ ἠπειρωτῶν γενομένους ναυσὶν ἐς τὰ παραθαλάσσια τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἐπιπλέοντας κακοῦν τὴν γῆν·
The sentence has an elliptical proposal construction: γνῶμαι ... ἦσαν with κακοῦν as infinitival complement; the accusative participles form a coordinated sequence describing the implied agents.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γνῶμαι | γνώμη | NOUN | N-_P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Γόργου | Γόργος | PROPN | N-DSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μὲν | nmod | high | Genitive with μέν, specifying one proposal/source. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 3 ἦσαν | discourse | high | |
| 6 | Ζάκυνθον | Ζάκυνθος | PROPN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 καταλαβόντας | obj | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-FAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ζάκυνθον | det | high | |
| 8 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Κεφαλληνίας | case | high | |
| 9 | Κεφαλληνίας | Κεφαλληνία | PROPN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ζάκυνθον | nmod | high | ὑπέρ governs the genitive here. |
| 10 | καταλαβόντας | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAPAMPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 γενομένους | advcl | medium | Aorist-form ambiguity is possible in some editorial traditions; construed as an accusative participle coordinated with γενομένους. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 νησιώτας | cc | high | |
| 12 | νησιώτας | νησιώτης | NOUN | N-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 γενομένους | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with γενομένους. |
| 13 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἠπειρωτῶν | case | high | |
| 14 | ἠπειρωτῶν | ἠπειρώτης | NOUN | N-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νησιώτας | nmod | high | |
| 15 | γενομένους | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADPMPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 κακοῦν | advcl | high | Accusative participle, likely agreeing with an understood masculine plural subject. |
| 16 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπιπλέοντας | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 παραθαλάσσια | case | high | |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S-NAN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 παραθαλάσσια | det | high | |
| 19 | παραθαλάσσια | παραθαλάσσιος | ADJ | A-NAN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπιπλέοντας | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, destination with ἐς. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Λακωνικῆς | det | high | |
| 21 | Λακωνικῆς | Λακωνική | PROPN | N-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 παραθαλάσσια | nmod | high | The Laconian coast/region. |
| 22 | ἐπιπλέοντας | ἐπιπλέω | VERB | V-PAPAMPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 κακοῦν | advcl | high | Accusative participle coordinated in the participial sequence. |
| 23 | κακοῦν | κακόω | VERB | V-PNA---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἦσαν, expressing the proposed action. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S-FAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 γῆν | det | high | |
| 25 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 κακοῦν | obj | high | |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high |
Μάντικλος δὲ ἐκέλευε Μεσσήνης μὲν καὶ τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίων ἔχθους λαβεῖν λήθην, πλεύσαντας δὲ ἐς Σαρδὼ κτήσασθαι μεγίστην τε νῆσον καὶ εὐδαιμονίᾳ πρώτην.
Μάντικλος κελεύει δύο infinitival complements: λαβεῖν λήθην with a genitive relation, and κτήσασθαι coordinated with πλεύσαντας as its accusative subject; πλεύσαντας is an aorist participle agreeing with the understood/explicit object of κελεύειν, with gender ambiguous in isolation but conventionally masculine plural here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μάντικλος | Μάντικλος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐκέλευε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ἐκέλευε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκέλευε | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχθους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔχθους. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 10 λαβεῖν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ἔχθους | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive dependents of ἔχθους. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 9 ἔχθους | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of the Lacedaemonians’. |
| 9 | ἔχθους | ἔχθος | NOUN | N-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 λήθην | nmod | high | Genitive object/partitive-like complement with λήθην λαβεῖν. |
| 10 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐκέλευε | xcomp | high | First infinitival complement of ἐκέλευε. |
| 11 | λήθην | λήθη | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 λαβεῖν | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λαβεῖν | punct | high | |
| 13 | πλεύσαντας | πλέω | VERB | V-2AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 κτήσασθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative participle functioning as subject of κτήσασθαι; agreement is masculine plural by contextual interpretation, though form alone is syncretic with neuter plural. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 κτήσασθαι | cc | high | Connective introducing the second coordinated infinitival clause. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 16 Σαρδὼ | case | high | |
| 16 | Σαρδὼ | Σαρδώ | PROPN | N-AS-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κτήσασθαι | obl | high | Destination with ἐς; proper name is indeclinable/special declension in form. |
| 17 | κτήσασθαι | κτάομαι | VERB | V-2AMN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐκέλευε | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of ἐκέλευε. |
| 18 | μεγίστην | μέγας | ADJ | A-SAF- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νῆσον | amod | high | |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 νῆσον | cc | high | Coordinates νῆσον and εὐδαιμονίᾳ πρώτην. |
| 20 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κτήσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 22 εὐδαιμονίᾳ | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate phrase. |
| 22 | εὐδαιμονίᾳ | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πρώτην | obl | high | Dative of respect/criterion with πρώτην. |
| 23 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-ASF- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νῆσον | conj | medium | Predicative adjective coordinated with νῆσον; the understood phrase is ‘first in prosperity’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐκέλευε | punct | high |