Grammar parses for passage 4.23.5
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἐς τὴν Κυλλήνην οἱ Μεσσήνιοι συνελέχθησαν, τὸν μὲν παρόντα χειμῶνα ἔδοξεν αὐτοῦ χειμάζειν, καὶ τὴν ἀγοράν σφισι καὶ χρήματα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι παρεῖχον·
The sentence has two paratactic main predications after the temporal clause; αὐτοῦ with χειμάζειν is somewhat semantically opaque and annotated conservatively as a genitive oblique.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 8 συνελέχθησαν | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 συνελέχθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Κυλλήνην | case | high | Governed by the place name. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Κυλλήνην | det | high | Article with Κυλλήνην. |
| 5 | Κυλλήνην | Κυλλήνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 συνελέχθησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 7 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συνελέχθησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of συνελέχθησαν. |
| 8 | συνελέχθησαν | συλλέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συνελέχθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 χειμῶνα | det | high | Article with χειμῶνα. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 10 τὸν | discourse | medium | Correlative particle, attached locally. |
| 12 | παρόντα | πάρειμι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 χειμῶνα | amod | high | Participial modifier of χειμῶνα. |
| 13 | χειμῶνα | χειμών | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 χειμάζειν | obj | medium | Accusative of time with infinitive. |
| 14 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 συνελέχθησαν | parataxis | high | Finite verb in explanatory clause. |
| 15 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 16 χειμάζειν | obl | medium | Likely genitive with χειμάζειν ('at his place/here'); syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | χειμάζειν | χειμάζω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἔδοξεν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔδοξεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 παρεῖχον | cc | high | Connects the coordinated object phrase. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἀγοράν | det | high | Article with ἀγοράν. |
| 20 | ἀγοράν | ἀγορά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 παρεῖχον | obj | high | Direct object of παρεῖχον. |
| 21 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 26 παρεῖχον | iobj | high | Dative indirect object. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 χρήματα | cc | high | Coordinates χρήματα with ἀγοράν. |
| 23 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἀγοράν | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 Ἠλεῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἠλεῖοι. |
| 25 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 παρεῖχον | nsubj | high | Subject of παρεῖχον. |
| 26 | παρεῖχον | παρέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 συνελέχθησαν | parataxis | high | Finite verb coordinated by asyndetic parataxis. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 παρεῖχον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἅμα δὲ τῷ ἦρι ἐβουλεύοντο ποῖ χρὴ σταλῆναι.
The clause ποῖ χρὴ σταλῆναι is an indirect-question construction dependent on ἐβουλεύοντο; ποῖ is treated as modifying the infinitive clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | d--------- | _ | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, modifying the main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἦρι | det | high | Article modifying ἦρι. |
| 4 | ἦρι | ἦρ | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 5 | ἐβουλεύοντο | βουλεύω | VERB | v3piie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | ποῖ | ποῦ | ADV | d--------- | _ | 8 σταλῆναι | advmod | medium | Interrogative adverb with directional sense; governing infinitive clause. |
| 7 | χρὴ | χρή | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 σταλῆναι | aux | high | Impersonal verb introducing the infinitive. |
| 8 | σταλῆναι | στέλλω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 7 χρὴ | xcomp | high | Complement of χρὴ. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐβουλεύοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γνῶμαι δὲ ἦσαν Γόργου μὲν Ζάκυνθον τὴν ὑπὲρ Κεφαλληνίας καταλαβόντας καὶ νησιώτας ἀντὶ ἠπειρωτῶν γενομένους ναυσὶν ἐς τὰ παραθαλάσσια τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἐπιπλέοντας κακοῦν τὴν γῆν·
The main difficulty is the participial chain under ἦσαν; several accusative participles are coordinated or appositional, and κακοῦν is morphologically problematic but most likely continues the participial description of the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γνῶμαι | γνώμη | NOUN | N-PPP-NFP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 3 ἦσαν | nsubj | medium | Likely predicate subject with implied copula. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 4 | Γόργου | Γόργος | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 10 καταλαβόντας | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of participle; likely possessor/source. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 Γόργου | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 6 | Ζάκυνθον | Ζάκυνθος | PROPN | N-PRI-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 καταλαβόντας | obj | high | Object of καταλαβόντας. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 6 Ζάκυνθον | det | high | Article modifying Ζάκυνθον. |
| 8 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R | _ | 10 καταλαβόντας | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 9 | Κεφαλληνίας | Κεφαλληνία | PROPN | N-PRI-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ὑπὲρ | obl | high | Object of ὑπέρ. |
| 10 | καταλαβόντας | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 3 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Participial complement of ἦσαν. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 γενομένους | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 12 | νησιώτας | νησιώτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 15 γενομένους | xcomp | medium | Second participial complement by sense; formally noun used predicatively. |
| 13 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R | _ | 15 γενομένους | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 14 | ἠπειρωτῶν | ἠπειρώτης | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ἀντὶ | obl | high | Complement of ἀντί. |
| 15 | γενομένους | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 3 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Participial complement of ἦσαν. |
| 16 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 22 ἐπιπλέοντας | obl | medium | Dative of means/instrument with ἐπιπλέοντας. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 22 ἐπιπλέοντας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 19 παραθαλάσσια | det | high | Article modifying παραθαλάσσια. |
| 19 | παραθαλάσσια | παραθαλάσσιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 17 ἐς | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 21 Λακωνικῆς | det | high | Article modifying Λακωνικῆς. |
| 21 | Λακωνικῆς | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 παραθαλάσσια | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παραθαλάσσια. |
| 22 | ἐπιπλέοντας | ἐπιπλέω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 3 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Participial complement of ἦσαν. |
| 23 | κακοῦν | κακόω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 22 ἐπιπλέοντας | conj | low | Likely coordinate participle; form could be textual/orthographic variant for κακοῦντες/κακοῦντας. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 25 γῆν | det | high | Article modifying γῆν. |
| 25 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 23 κακοῦν | obj | medium | Object of κακοῦν. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Μάντικλος δὲ ἐκέλευε Μεσσήνης μὲν καὶ τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίων ἔχθους λαβεῖν λήθην, πλεύσαντας δὲ ἐς Σαρδὼ κτήσασθαι μεγίστην τε νῆσον καὶ εὐδαιμονίᾳ πρώτην.
The sentence contains two coordinated complementary infinitives governed by ἐκέλευε, with an elliptical genitive phrase (Μεσσήνης μὲν καὶ τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίων ἔχθους) modifying λήθην and a participial clause (πλεύσαντας δὲ ἐς Σαρδώ) introducing the second infinitival action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μάντικλος | Μάντικλος | PROPN | N--s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐκέλευε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκέλευε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 3 ἐκέλευε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐκέλευε | κελεύω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 4 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N--s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχθους | nmod | medium | Genitive modifying ἔχθους; relation somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g--------- | _ | 4 Μεσσήνης | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 7 τοῦ | cc | high | Coordinates genitive dependents. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἔχθους | det | high | Article with ἔχθους. |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχθους | amod | high | Attributive genitive used substantivally. |
| 9 | ἔχθους | ἔχθος | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 λήθην | nmod | high | Genitive complement of λήθην ('forgetfulness of ...'). |
| 10 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἐκέλευε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive depending on ἐκέλευε. |
| 11 | λήθην | λήθη | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Object of λαβεῖν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐκέλευε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | πλεύσαντας | πλέω | VERB | v-papama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 κτήσασθαι | advcl | medium | Participial clause dependent on κτήσασθαι; case reflects an implied subject/object control. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 17 κτήσασθαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r--------- | _ | 16 Σαρδὼ | case | high | Preposition with motion into. |
| 16 | Σαρδὼ | Σαρδώ | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κτήσασθαι | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 17 | κτήσασθαι | κτάομαι | VERB | v--anm--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐκέλευε | xcomp | high | Second complementary infinitive depending on ἐκέλευε. |
| 18 | μεγίστην | μέγας | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νῆσον | amod | high | Attributive modifier of νῆσον. |
| 19 | τε | τε | PART | g--------- | _ | 18 μεγίστην | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 20 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κτήσασθαι | obj | high | Object/complement of κτήσασθαι. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 22 εὐδαιμονίᾳ | cc | high | Coordinates predicate complements. |
| 22 | εὐδαιμονίᾳ | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πρώτην | obl | medium | Dative of respect/reference with πρώτην. |
| 23 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νῆσον | amod | high | Predicate/attributive adjective modifying νῆσον. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐκέλευε | punct | high | Punctuation. |