Grammar parses for passage 4.23.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐν τοσούτῳ δὲ Ἀναξίλας παρὰ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἀπέστελλεν ἐς Ἰταλίαν καλῶν.
The main clause is Ἀναξίλας ἀπέστελλεν, with ἐν τοσούτῳ as a temporal circumstance; παρὰ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους is an accusative directional phrase (‘to/among the Messenians’), ἐς Ἰταλίαν marks destination, and καλῶν is a present active participle agreeing with the subject, probably circumstantial (‘calling/inviting’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 τοσούτῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | τοσούτῳ | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | obl | high | Substantivized/demonstrative temporal dative phrase. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | Ne-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 7 Μεσσηνίους | case | medium | With accusative, directional/associative sense. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | A--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | obl | medium | The phrase παρὰ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους is syntactically somewhat context-dependent. |
| 8 | ἀπέστελλεν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 10 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 10 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | Ne----AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | obl | high | Destination. |
| 11 | καλῶν | καλέω | VERB | V-PP体AAM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | advcl | medium | Present active nominative participle; likely circumstantial, though the exact force of καλῶν depends on context. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέστελλεν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἀναξίλας ἐτυράννει μὲν Ῥηγίου, τέταρτος δὲ ἀπόγονος ἦν Ἀλκιδαμίδου·
Two coordinated clauses share the subject Ἀναξίλας: he ruled Rhegium, and was the fourth descendant of Alc id amides; Ῥηγίου is a genitive of rule, while Ἀλκιδαμίδου is a genitive dependent on ἀπόγονος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀναξίλας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐτυράννει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτυράννει | nsubj | high | Proper name; nominative subject, also understood as subject of ἦν. |
| 4 | ἐτυράννει | τυραννέω | VERB | V3PIAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐτυράννει | cc | high | Correlative particle paired with the following δέ. |
| 6 | Ῥηγίου | Ῥήγιον | PROPN | N----GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐτυράννει | obj | high | Genitive with τυραννέω, denoting the city ruled. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐτυράννει | punct | high | |
| 8 | τέταρτος | τέταρτος | ADJ | A--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπόγονος | advmod | high | Predicative ordinal modifying the subject understood with ἀπόγονος ἦν. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 10 | ἀπόγονος | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἦν; τέταρτος modifies it. |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 4 ἐτυράννει | conj | high | Copular verb in the coordinated second clause. |
| 12 | Ἀλκιδαμίδου | Ἀλκιδαμίδης | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπόγονος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπόγονος: descendant of Alkidamides. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐτυράννει | punct | high |
μετῴκησε δὲ Ἀλκιδαμίδας ἐκ Μεσσήνης ἐς Ῥήγιον μετὰ τὴν Ἀριστοδήμου τοῦ βασιλέως τελευτὴν καὶ Ἰθώμης τὴν ἅλωσιν.
Ἀλκιδαμίδας is the subject of μετῴκησε; the two accusative temporal objects after μετὰ are coordinated, with τὴν ἅλωσιν parallel to τὴν ... τελευτήν. Ἰθώμης is a dependent genitive with ἅλωσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετῴκησε | μετοικέω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μετῴκησε | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀλκιδαμίδας | Ἀλκιδαμίδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μετῴκησε | nsubj | high | Personal name; nominative subject. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Μεσσήνης | case | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 μετῴκησε | obl | high | Place of origin/source. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Ῥήγιον | case | high | |
| 7 | Ῥήγιον | Ῥήγιον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 μετῴκησε | obl | high | Destination. |
| 8 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 τελευτὴν | case | high | Temporal μετά with accusative. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 βασιλέως | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέως. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 βασιλέως | det | high | |
| 12 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τελευτὴν | nmod | high | Appositional/genitive phrase: the death of Aristodemus the king. |
| 13 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 μετῴκησε | obj | high | First accusative object of μετά. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 τελευτὴν | cc | high | |
| 15 | Ἰθώμης | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἅλωσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἅλωσιν. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἅλωσιν | det | high | |
| 17 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 τελευτὴν | conj | high | Second accusative object coordinated with τελευτήν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 μετῴκησε | punct | high |
οὗτος οὖν ὁ Ἀναξίλας τοὺς Μεσσηνίους μετεπέμπετο· ἐλθοῦσί τε ἔλεγεν ὡς Ζαγκλαῖοι διάφοροι μέν εἰσιν αὐτῷ, χώραν δὲ εὐδαίμονα καὶ πόλιν ἐν καλῷ τῆς Σικελίας ἔχουσιν, ἃ δὴ σφίσιν ἐθέλειν ἔφη συγκατεργασάμενος δοῦναι.
The ὡς clause reports Anaxilas' claim; ἔφη is parenthetic, with ἐθέλειν and δοῦναι forming the indirect-discourse infinitival construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀναξίλας | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 μετεπέμπετο | advmod | high | Postpositive inferential particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀναξίλας | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | Ne----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 μετεπέμπετο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne----AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 μετεπέμπετο | obj | high | |
| 7 | μετεπέμπετο | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V3S-IIM- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 μετεπέμπετο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐλθοῦσί | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V--AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 11 ἔλεγεν | advcl | high | Dative absolute-like circumstantial participle, with understood subject. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔλεγεν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | V3S-IIA- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 7 μετεπέμπετο | conj | high | |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 16 εἰσιν | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 13 | Ζαγκλαῖοι | Ζαγκλαῖος | PROPN | Ne----NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | A--NM-P | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσιν. |
| 15 | μέν | μέν | PART | Df-------- | _ | 14 διάφοροι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 16 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3P-I---- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 11 ἔλεγεν | ccomp | high | |
| 17 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P---DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 διάφοροι | obl | high | Dative of relation/reference with διάφοροι. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N---A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἔχουσιν | cc | high | Contrasts the preceding clause. |
| 21 | εὐδαίμονα | εὐδαίμων | ADJ | A--AFS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 χώραν | amod | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 πόλιν | cc | high | |
| 23 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N---A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | Coordinated accusative object. |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 καλῷ | case | high | |
| 25 | καλῷ | καλός | ADJ | A--DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχουσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized/local phrase, likely 'in a fine [part/place]'. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Σικελίας | det | high | |
| 27 | Σικελίας | Σικελία | PROPN | Ne----GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 καλῷ | nmod | high | |
| 28 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V3P-PIA- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 16 εἰσιν | conj | high | Second predicate in the ὡς-content clause. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἔχουσιν | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | Pr----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 δοῦναι | obj | medium | Relative pronoun, collectively referring to the preceding advantages. |
| 31 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df-------- | _ | 33 ἐθέλειν | discourse | high | |
| 32 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 36 δοῦναι | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/reference; antecedent is the Messenians. |
| 33 | ἐθέλειν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V--PAN-- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 34 ἔφη | xcomp | high | Infinitive in indirect discourse. |
| 34 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V3S-IIA- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 11 ἔλεγεν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetic reporting verb; governs the infinitival report. |
| 35 | συγκατεργασάμενος | συγκατεργάζομαι | VERB | V--AMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 34 ἔφη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with Anaxilas as understood subject. |
| 36 | δοῦναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V--AAN-- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 33 ἐθέλειν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive coordinated semantically with ἐθέλειν. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἔφη | punct | high |
προσεμένων δὲ τὸν λόγον, οὕτως Ἀναξίλας διεβίβασεν ἐς Σικελίαν αὐτούς.
The genitive absolute προσεμένων δὲ τὸν λόγον is somewhat irregular in the transmitted wording; προσεμένων is analyzed as a genitive plural participle with τὸν λόγον as its accusative object, while Ἀναξίλας is the subject of διεβίβασεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσεμένων | προσμένω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 διεβίβασεν | advcl | medium | Genitive plural active participle; likely a genitive-absolute-like subordinate clause, though its accusative object makes the construction irregular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 προσεμένων | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λόγον | det | high | |
| 4 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 προσεμένων | obj | medium | Accusative object of προσεμένων; the syntax is unusual beside the genitive participle. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσεμένων | punct | high | |
| 6 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 διεβίβασεν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘thus/in this way’. |
| 7 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διεβίβασεν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 8 | διεβίβασεν | διαβιβάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, third singular. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Σικελίαν | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 10 | Σικελίαν | Σικελία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διεβίβασεν | obl | high | Goal of motion governed by ἐς. |
| 11 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 8 διεβίβασεν | obj | high | Direct object of διεβίβασεν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διεβίβασεν | punct | high |