Grammar parses for passage 4.23.7
Open translation for this passage
Ζάγκλην δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς κατέλαβον λῃσταί, καὶ ἐν ἐρήμῳ τῇ γῇ τειχίσαντες ὅσον περὶ τὸν λιμένα ὁρμητηρίῳ πρὸς τὰς καταδρομὰς καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἐπίπλους ἐχρῶντο·
The sentence has two coordinated finite predicates, κατέλαβον and ἐχρῶντο; τειχίσαντες is a circumstantial participle linked to the latter, while ὁρμητηρίῳ is the dative complement of χράομαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ζάγκλην | Ζάγκλη | PROPN | Neut?Acc.Sg | Case=Acc|Number=Sing | 7 κατέλαβον | obj | medium | Place name; form is accusative singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 κατέλαβον | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Sg.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 μὲν | det | high | Article substantivizing μέν phrase. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 κατέλαβον | advmod | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | Noun.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κατέλαβον | obl | high | Temporal/source phrase ἐξ ἀρχῆς. |
| 7 | κατέλαβον | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V.Aor.Act.Ind.3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | λῃσταί | λῃστής | NOUN | Noun.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κατέλαβον | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατέλαβον | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐχρῶντο | cc | high | Coordinates the participial/conjoined predicate with the finite clause. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ἐρήμῳ | case | high | |
| 12 | ἐρήμῳ | ἔρημος | ADJ | Adj.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γῇ | amod | medium | Predicative/descriptive adjective modifying γῇ. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | Noun.Dat.Sg.Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τειχίσαντες | obl | high | Location with ἐν; subject/setting of τειχίσαντες. |
| 15 | τειχίσαντες | τειχίζω | VERB | V.Aor.Act.Ptcp.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 ἐχρῶντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with λῃσταί. |
| 16 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | Rel.Acc.Sg.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 περὶ | obl | medium | Extent phrase, ‘as much as/so far as’. |
| 17 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 τὸν | case | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 λιμένα | det | high | |
| 19 | λιμένα | λιμήν | NOUN | Noun.Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τειχίσαντες | obj | medium | Object of τειχίσαντες within περί phrase. |
| 20 | ὁρμητηρίῳ | ὁρμητήριον | NOUN | Noun.Dat.Sg.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Dative of means/purpose: used it as a base. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 καταδρομὰς | case | high | |
| 22 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Pl.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 καταδρομὰς | det | high | |
| 23 | καταδρομὰς | καταδρομή | NOUN | Noun.Acc.Pl.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ὁρμητηρίῳ | nmod | high | Purpose/target of the base. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐπίπλους | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 ἐπίπλους | case | high | |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐπίπλους | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐπίπλους | ἔπιπλους | NOUN | Noun.Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ὁρμητηρίῳ | nmod | high | Coordinated purpose/target phrase. |
| 28 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | V.Impf.Mid.Ind.3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 κατέλαβον | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with κατέλαβον; governs dative ὁρμητηρίῳ. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατέλαβον | punct | high |
ἡγεμόνες δὲ ἦσαν αὐτῶν Κραταιμένης Σάμιος καὶ Περιήρης ἐκ Χαλκίδος.
Predicate nominative construction: ἡγεμόνες is linked to ἦσαν; the two personal names coordinate as the subject complement, with Σάμιος agreeing with Κραταιμένης and ἐκ Χαλκίδος modifying Περιήρης (possibly the second leader’s origin).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγεμόνες | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 1 ἡγεμόνες | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: ‘their leaders’. |
| 5 | Κραταιμένης | Κραταιμένης | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἡγεμόνες | appos | medium | Personal name, nominative singular; first predicate-nominative name. |
| 6 | Σάμιος | Σάμιος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κραταιμένης | appos | medium | Ethnic/name descriptor agreeing with Κραταιμένης. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Περιήρης | cc | high | |
| 8 | Περιήρης | Περιήρης | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κραταιμένης | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate-nominative name. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Χαλκίδος | case | high | |
| 10 | Χαλκίδος | Χαλκίς | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Περιήρης | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ἐκ. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high |
Περιήρει δὲ ὕστερον καὶ Κραταιμένει καὶ ἄλλους ἐπαγαγέσθαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔδοξεν οἰκήτορας.
The sentence has an aorist δοκέω with complementary infinitive ἐπαγαγέσθαι; οἰκήτορας is best read as an accusative predicative complement (‘bring as settlers’), while the dative proper name is syntactically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περιήρει | περιαιρέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 11 ἔδοξεν | ccomp | medium | Imperfect active; governs the following infinitival construction semantically. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 Περιήρει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 Περιήρει | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘later’. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Κραταιμένει | cc | high | |
| 5 | Κραταιμένει | Κραταιμένης | PROPN | NPM-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπαγαγέσθαι | obl | low | Proper name in the dative; exact name form and syntactic attachment are somewhat uncertain. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἄλλους | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-AP-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπαγαγέσθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with the proper name’s implied object. |
| 8 | ἐπαγαγέσθαι | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 11 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive, complementary to ἔδοξεν; Κραταιμένει is a dative participant and ἄλλους the accusative object. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλους | nmod | high | Partitive/descriptive genitive with ἄλλους: ‘other Greeks’. |
| 11 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 12 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N-AP-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπαγαγέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicate/complement with ἐπαγαγέσθαι: ‘to bring as settlers’; could alternatively be analyzed as a second object. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔδοξεν | punct | high |