Grammar parses for passage 4.23.8
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ τοὺς Ζαγκλαίους ὅ τε Ἀναξίλας ναυσὶν ἀνταναγομένους ἐνίκησε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι μάχῃ πεζῇ·
The sentence has a coordinated subject construction: ὅ τε Ἀναξίλας ... καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι, with a shared finite verb ἐνίκησε; ὅ is correlative rather than a regular relative pronoun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 10 ἐνίκησε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Ζαγκλαίους | det | high | |
| 4 | Ζαγκλαίους | Ζάγκλαιος | PROPN | Nbamp; | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνίκησε | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 7 Ἀναξίλας | nsubj | medium | Correlative/distributive construction ὅ τε ... καὶ οἱ ...; forms the first coordinated subject with Ἀναξίλας. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 11 καὶ | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 7 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνίκησε | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | Nf3 | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνταναγομένους | obl | high | Means/instrumental dative, 'with ships'. |
| 9 | ἀνταναγομένους | ἀντανάγομαι | VERB | V- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 Ἀναξίλας | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ἀναξίλας, with Ζαγκλαίους as understood object/participant. |
| 10 | ἐνίκησε | νικάω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject-predicate conjunct. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 13 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nbamp; | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνίκησε | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 14 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | Nf3 | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνίκησε | obl | high | Dative of manner/means, 'in infantry battle'. |
| 15 | πεζῇ | πεζός | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 μάχῃ | amod | high | Agrees with μάχῃ. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | punct | high |
Ζαγκλαῖοι δὲ κατὰ γῆν τε ὑπὸ Μεσσηνίων καὶ ναυσὶν ἅμα ἐκ θαλάσσης ὑπὸ Ῥηγίνων πολιορκούμενοι, καὶ ἁλισκομένου σφίσιν ἤδη τοῦ τείχους, ἐπί τε βωμοὺς θεῶν καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἱερὰ καταφεύγουσιν.
Main verb καταφεύγουσιν governs Ζαγκλαῖοι; πολιορκούμενοι is a circumstantial participle, while ἁλισκομένου τοῦ τείχους is a genitive absolute. The two ὑπό-phrases express agents of the siege, with κατὰ γῆν and ναυσίν marking its land and naval aspects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ζαγκλαῖοι | Ζάγκλαιος | PROPN | N--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 γῆν | case | high | |
| 4 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N--AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | κατὰ γῆν: by land/on land. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 γῆν | cc | high | Correlative with the later coordination. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl:agent | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ναυσὶν | cc | high | |
| 9 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | Dative of means: by ships. |
| 10 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 12 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | ἐκ θαλάσσης: from the sea. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Ῥηγίνων | case | high | |
| 14 | Ῥηγίνων | Ῥηγῖνος | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl:agent | high | |
| 15 | πολιορκούμενοι | πολιορκέω | VERB | V--PPNMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial present passive participle agreeing with Ζαγκλαῖοι. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | punct | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the participial circumstance with the following genitive absolute. |
| 18 | ἁλισκομένου | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V--PPGMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 19 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P------3D- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἁλισκομένου | obl | medium | Dative of disadvantage/possessor in the genitive absolute; syntactically external to the genitive subject. |
| 20 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 ἁλισκομένου | advmod | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 τείχους | det | high | |
| 22 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N--GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἁλισκομένου | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of ἁλισκομένου. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἁλισκομένου | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 βωμοὺς | case | high | ἐπί with accusative, directional. |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 βωμοὺς | cc | high | Correlative with καί at token 28. |
| 26 | βωμοὺς | βωμός | NOUN | N--AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | |
| 27 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 βωμοὺς | nmod | high | |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ἱερὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the second destination phrase with βωμούς. |
| 29 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 ἱερὰ | case | high | πρός with accusative, directional. |
| 30 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ἱερὰ | det | high | |
| 31 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | A--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: sacred places/things. |
| 32 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PIA3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high |
Ἀναξίλας μὲν οὖν τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις παρεκελεύετο τούς τε ἱκετεύοντας Ζαγκλαίων ἀποκτείνειν καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς γυναιξὶν ὁμοῦ καὶ παισὶν ἀνδραποδίσασθαι·
παρεκελεύετο governs coordinated infinitives: ἀποκτείνειν with τοὺς ἱκετεύοντας Ζαγκλαίων and ἀνδραποδίσασθαι with τοὺς λοιπούς; γυναιξὶν καὶ παισὶν with ὁμοῦ expresses accompaniment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | NPM-S---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρεκελεύετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 6 παρεκελεύετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle; οὖν follows. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G----- | _ | 6 παρεκελεύετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NPM---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παρεκελεύετο | iobj | high | Dative recipient/addressee of παρεκελεύετο. |
| 6 | παρεκελεύετο | παρακελεύομαι | VERB | V3IMI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | τούς | ὁ | DET | DA---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἱκετεύοντας | det | high | |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G----- | _ | 11 ἀποκτείνειν | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival commands. |
| 9 | ἱκετεύοντας | ἱκετεύω | VERB | VPAP-PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἀποκτείνειν | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the first infinitive, governed with τούς. |
| 10 | Ζαγκλαίων | Ζάγκλαιος | PROPN | NP---G-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἱκετεύοντας | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἱκετεύοντας, likely ‘of the Zanklaeans’. |
| 11 | ἀποκτείνειν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V---PAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 παρεκελεύετο | xcomp | high | First coordinated infinitive complement of παρεκελεύετο. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G----- | _ | 19 ἀνδραποδίσασθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 λοιποὺς | det | high | |
| 14 | λοιποὺς | λοιπός | ADJ | A--AM-P- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀνδραποδίσασθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated accusative object/subject of the second infinitive. |
| 15 | γυναιξὶν | γυνή | NOUN | N----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἀνδραποδίσασθαι | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment with ὁμοῦ. |
| 16 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 γυναιξὶν | advmod | high | Adverb governing the accompaniment phrase. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G----- | _ | 18 παισὶν | cc | high | Coordinates παισίν with γυναιξίν. |
| 18 | παισὶν | παῖς | NOUN | N----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 γυναιξὶν | conj | high | Second dative in the accompaniment phrase. |
| 19 | ἀνδραποδίσασθαι | ἀνδραποδίζω | VERB | V---AMN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 παρεκελεύετο | xcomp | high | Second coordinated infinitive complement of παρεκελεύετο. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεκελεύετο | punct | high |