Grammar parses for passage 4.23.8
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ τοὺς Ζαγκλαίους ὅ τε Ἀναξίλας ναυσὶν ἀνταναγομένους ἐνίκησε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι μάχῃ πεζῇ·
The first clause has a correlative/paired structure with ὅ τε ... καὶ ..., but the exact syntactic linkage of ὅ τε is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Ζαγκλαίους | det | high | Article. |
| 4 | Ζαγκλαίους | Ζάγκλαιος | PROPN | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνίκησε | obj | high | Ethnicon functioning as noun. |
| 5 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 7 Ἀναξίλας | nsubj | medium | Likely relative pronoun introducing correlative structure; gender/number somewhat uncertain in context. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ὅ | advmod | high | Enclitic connective particle in correlative construction. |
| 7 | Ἀναξίλας | Ἀναξίλας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνίκησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκησε. |
| 8 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνταναγομένους | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 9 | ἀνταναγομένους | ἀντανάγω | VERB | v-p---mp- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 Ζαγκλαίους | acl | high | Participle modifying Ζαγκλαίους. |
| 10 | ἐνίκησε | νικάω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνίκησε | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 14 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνίκησε | obl | high | Dative of manner/instrument. |
| 15 | πεζῇ | πεζός | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 μάχῃ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of μάχῃ. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνίκησε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ζαγκλαῖοι δὲ κατὰ γῆν τε ὑπὸ Μεσσηνίων καὶ ναυσὶν ἅμα ἐκ θαλάσσης ὑπὸ Ῥηγίνων πολιορκούμενοι, καὶ ἁλισκομένου σφίσιν ἤδη τοῦ τείχους, ἐπί τε βωμοὺς θεῶν καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἱερὰ καταφεύγουσιν.
The syntax is a chain of circumstantial participial phrases before the main verb; the second participial clause is best treated as a genitive absolute, though its exact internal attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ζαγκλαῖοι | Ζαγκλαῖος | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle πολιορκούμενοι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 γῆν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 4 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with κατὰ. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 4 γῆν | cc | medium | Correlative connective; scope somewhat uncertain. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | Agentive/ablative phrase with ὑπό. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ναυσὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the instrumental phrase with the following one. |
| 9 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 10 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | _ | _ | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 12 θαλάσσης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | Source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 14 Ῥηγίνων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 14 | Ῥηγίνων | Ῥηγῖνοι | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | obl | high | Agent phrase with ὑπό. |
| 15 | πολιορκούμενοι | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-PPM-PNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ζαγκλαῖοι; dependent on main verb καταφεύγουσιν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 πολιορκούμενοι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἁλισκομένου | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial phrase. |
| 18 | ἁλισκομένου | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-PPM-SMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; form and syntax somewhat uncertain but likely participial absolute. |
| 19 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἁλισκομένου | obl | high | Dative associated with the genitive absolute; likely possessive/ethical dative in context. |
| 20 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 18 ἁλισκομένου | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἁλισκομένου. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 τείχους | det | high | Article modifying τείχους. |
| 22 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἁλισκομένου | nsubj | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute participle. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἁλισκομένου | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 24 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 26 βωμοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἐπί | fixed | medium | Enclitic connective with ἐπί. |
| 26 | βωμοὺς | βωμός | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐπί. |
| 27 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 βωμοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βωμούς. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 πρὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the second prepositional phrase. |
| 29 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 31 ἱερὰ | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 30 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 ἱερὰ | det | high | Article modifying ἱερά. |
| 31 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective as object of motion with πρός. |
| 32 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |