Grammar parses for passage 4.24.3
Open translation for this passage
ἀλλὰ γὰρ πρότερον τούτων συνέπεσεν ἀποθανεῖν αὐτῷ νοσήσαντι, οὐ γὰρ ἔδει συμφορὰν οὐδεμίαν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔτι ἐξ Ἀριστομένους γενέσθαι.
The first clause means that it happened to him to die before these events, with νοσήσαντι as a dative participle agreeing with αὐτῷ. The second clause is an impersonal ἔδει construction: συμφορὰν is the accusative subject of γενέσθαι, and ἐξ Ἀριστομένους modifies its source; coordination and the antecedent of τούτων are somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 συνέπεσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 5 συνέπεσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | Adverb | Degree=Cmp | 5 συνέπεσεν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πρότερον | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/reference with πρότερον; antecedent supplied by context. |
| 5 | συνέπεσεν | συμπίπτω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 συνέπεσεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of συνέπεσεν. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 6 ἀποθανεῖν | obl | high | Dative experiencer/possessor with the impersonal expression. |
| 8 | νοσήσαντι | νοσέω | VERB | V-AAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 αὐτῷ | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle agreeing with αὐτῷ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 συνέπεσεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | X | Polarity=Neg | 12 ἔδει | advmod | high | |
| 11 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 12 ἔδει | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 12 | ἔδει | δέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 συνέπεσεν | parataxis | high | Impersonal ‘it was necessary’; lexical lemma δέω. |
| 13 | συμφορὰν | συμφορά | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 14 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | DET | A-DFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συμφορὰν | det | high | Negative determiner agreeing with συμφορὰν. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of affected party with γενέσθαι. |
| 16 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 19 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | ‘Any longer/still’. |
| 17 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 18 Ἀριστομένους | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 γενέσθαι | nmod | high | Source/origin genitive governed by ἐξ. |
| 19 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἔδει | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on impersonal ἔδει. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 συνέπεσεν | punct | high |
τελευτήσαντι δὲ αὐτῷ Δαμάγητος καὶ οἱ Ῥόδιοι μνῆμά τε ἐπιφανὲς ἐποίησαν καὶ ἔνεμον ἀπὸ ἐκείνου τιμάς.
Dative absolute τελευτήσαντι δὲ αὐτῷ introduces the temporal circumstance ‘after he died’; Δαμάγητος is the subject of ἐποίησαν and ἔνεμον, coordinated with οἱ Ῥόδιοι. The second καί coordinates the two finite predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τελευτήσαντι | τελευτάω | VERB | VAAP-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐποίησαν | advcl | high | Dative absolute participle; temporal circumstance. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐποίησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 τελευτήσαντι | obl | high | Dative-absolute subject. |
| 4 | Δαμάγητος | Δαμάγητος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Ῥόδιοι | cc | high | Coordinates the name with οἱ Ῥόδιοι. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ῥόδιοι | det | high | |
| 7 | Ῥόδιοι | Ῥόδιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Δαμάγητος | conj | high | Coordinated nominal subject with Δαμάγητος; singular name plus plural collective subject. |
| 8 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησαν | obj | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐποίησαν | cc | high | Coordinates μνῆμα with ἐπιφανές as a linked object-predicate phrase. |
| 10 | ἐπιφανὲς | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 μνῆμά | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of μνῆμα. |
| 11 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἔνεμον | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate with ἐποίησαν. |
| 13 | ἔνεμον | νέμω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐποίησαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate; imperfect is contextually appropriate for continued honoring. |
| 14 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἐκείνου | case | high | |
| 15 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 ἔνεμον | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 16 | τιμάς | τιμή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἔνεμον | obj | high | |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησαν | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν δὴ λεγόμενα ἐς τοὺς Διαγορίδας καλουμένους ἐν Ῥόδῳ, γεγονότας δὲ ἀπὸ Διαγόρου τοῦ Δαμαγήτου τοῦ Δωριέως τοῦ Δαμαγήτου τε καὶ τῆς Ἀριστομένους θυγατρός, παρῆκα, μὴ οὐ κατὰ καιρὸν δοκοίην γράφειν·
The sentence has an understood object/topic for παρῆκα: τὰ λεγόμενα, with Διαγορίδας καλουμένους and γεγονότας agreeing with the implied masculine persons; δοκοίην is an optative in the parenthetical purpose/avertive construction μὴ οὐ κατὰ καιρὸν δοκοίην γράφειν. The repeated τοῦ Δαμαγήτου is textually and syntactically awkward; analyses of the genitive chain are therefore partly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 λεγόμενα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 λεγόμενα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows later. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 28 παρῆκα | discourse | high | |
| 4 | λεγόμενα | λέγω | VERB | V-PPN-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 παρῆκα | obj | high | Substantivized participle: 'the things being said'. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Διαγορίδας | case | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Διαγορίδας | det | high | |
| 7 | Διαγορίδας | Διαγορίδης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καλουμένους | obl | medium | Name of the descendants/family; object of καλουμένους in a naming construction. |
| 8 | καλουμένους | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 λεγόμενα | acl | high | Agrees with an implied masculine antecedent associated with the neuter topic. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ῥόδῳ | case | high | |
| 10 | Ῥόδῳ | Ῥόδος | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 καλουμένους | obl | high | Locative. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καλουμένους | punct | high | |
| 12 | γεγονότας | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAPM-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 λεγόμενα | acl | medium | Perfect active participle, coordinated/parallel with καλουμένους; implied masculine antecedent. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 12 γεγονότας | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 14 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Διαγόρου | case | high | |
| 15 | Διαγόρου | Διάγορος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 γεγονότας | obl | high | Source/descent complement of γεγονότας. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Δαμαγήτου | det | high | |
| 17 | Δαμαγήτου | Δαμάγητος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διαγόρου | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identification of Διαγόρου. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Δωριέως | det | high | |
| 19 | Δωριέως | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Δαμαγήτου | appos | medium | Likely further appositional genealogical specification. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Δαμαγήτου | det | high | |
| 21 | Δαμαγήτου | Δαμάγητος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Δωριέως | appos | low | Repeated name creates a difficult genealogy; retained as an appositional genitive-chain element. |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 25 Ἀριστομένους | cc | high | Pairs with καί. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 Ἀριστομένους | cc | high | Coordinates the mother's genitive phrase with the preceding genealogy. |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 θυγατρός | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 θυγατρός | nmod | high | Feminine genitive proper name. |
| 26 | θυγατρός | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Διαγόρου | nmod | high | 'daughter of Aristomenes', coordinated in the ancestry phrase. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 παρῆκα | punct | high | |
| 28 | παρῆκα | παρίημι | VERB | V-IAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb: 'I passed over/omitted'. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 παρῆκα | punct | high | |
| 30 | μὴ | μή | PART | G-------- | Polarity=Neg | 34 δοκοίην | advmod | high | Negative particle in the parenthetical optative construction. |
| 31 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | G-------- | Polarity=Neg | 34 δοκοίην | advmod | high | Second negative; μὴ οὐ is idiomatic in this construction. |
| 32 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 καιρὸν | case | high | |
| 33 | καιρὸν | καιρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 δοκοίην | obl | high | 'at the right time'; κατά with accusative. |
| 34 | δοκοίην | δοκέω | VERB | V-OAM-1S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 παρῆκα | advcl | high | Parenthetical optative of modesty/avoidance. |
| 35 | γράφειν | γράφω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 34 δοκοίην | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to δοκοίην. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 παρῆκα | punct | high |