Grammar parses for passage 4.24.5
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσηνίων δὲ τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐν τῇ γῇ, συντελοῦντας κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐς τοὺς εἵλωτας, ἐπέλαβεν ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ὕστερον ἀποστῆναι κατὰ τὴν ἐνάτην Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ ἑβδομηκοστήν, ἣν Κορίνθιος ἐνίκα Ξενοφῶν, Ἀρχιμήδους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος·
The main predicate ἐπέλαβεν takes an articular accusative infinitive ἀποστῆναι; ἐγκαταληφθέντας and συντελοῦντας are coordinated/stacked participial modifiers of τοὺς Μεσσηνίων understood, while ἣν introduces the relative clause modifying Ὀλυμπιάδα and Ἀρχιμήδους ἄρχοντος is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N----G-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the people whose men are meant. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S----A-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 4 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | V-APP-A-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | obj | high | Substantivized accusative participle, object of ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 γῇ | case | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S----D-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γῇ | det | high | |
| 7 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N----D-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | obl | high | Location with ἐν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | συντελοῦντας | συντελέω | VERB | V-PAP-A-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | acl | medium | Accusative present participle agreeing with the substantivized τοὺς ...; κατὰ ἀνάγκην and ἐς τοὺς εἵλωτας depend on it. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀνάγκην | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀνάγκην | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 συντελοῦντας | obl | high | Adverbial accusative phrase. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 εἵλωτας | case | high | |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S----A-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἵλωτας | det | high | |
| 14 | εἵλωτας | εἵλως | NOUN | N----A-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συντελοῦντας | obl | high | Destination/association governed by ἐς. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N----G-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀποστῆναι | obl | high | Source/separation with ἀπό. |
| 19 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-----NS- | Degree=Pos | 20 ἀποστῆναι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 20 | ἀποστῆναι | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-2AAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | xcomp | high | Articular infinitive complement selected by ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 21 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | case | high | |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐνάτην | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐνάτην | ἔνατος | ADJ | A----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 24 | Ὀλυμπιάδα | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀποστῆναι | obl | high | Date/period phrase with κατά. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ἑβδομηκοστήν | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἑβδομηκοστήν | ἑβδομηκοστός | ADJ | A----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | conj | high | Second coordinated ordinal, with Ὀλυμπιάδα understood. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P----A-S-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 30 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐνίκα; antecedent Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 29 | Κορίνθιος | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N----N-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Name/ethnic designation of the victor. |
| 30 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 31 | Ξενοφῶν | Ξενοφῶν | PROPN | N----N-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Victor named by nominative apposition/identification. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 33 | Ἀρχιμήδους | Ἀρχιμήδης | PROPN | N----G-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 34 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N----D-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 35 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Locative dative in the genitive absolute. |
| 35 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-G-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high |
ἀπέστησαν δὲ καιρὸν τοιόνδε εὑρόντες.
The aorist ἀπέστησαν has an understood plural subject; καιρόν is its accusative object, modified by τοιόνδε, while εὑρόντες is a circumstantial aorist participle agreeing with the understood subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέστησαν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπέστησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καιρὸν | καιρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπέστησαν | obj | high | |
| 4 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 καιρὸν | amod | high | |
| 5 | εὑρόντες | εὑρίσκω | VERB | VPAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἀπέστησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with the understood subject of ἀπέστησαν. |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέστησαν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίων ἄνδρες ἀποθανεῖν ἐπὶ ἐγκλήματι ὅτῳ δὴ καταγνωσθέντες ἱκέται καταφεύγουσιν ἐς Ταίναρον·
The sentence is an elliptical nominal construction: Λακεδαιμονίων ἄνδρες is the subject of an understood finite verb, with ἀποθανεῖν as a complementary infinitive; ὅτῳ introduces the relative circumstance associated with the condemnation, and ἱκέται is a predicative complement to καταφεύγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἄνδρες | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, genitive plural: 'of Lacedaemonians'. |
| 2 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀποθανεῖν | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitival construction; an understood finite verb is elliptical in the larger context. |
| 3 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active infinitive, likely the main predicative/complementary element of the elliptical sentence. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 5 ἐγκλήματι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative here. |
| 5 | ἐγκλήματι | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποθανεῖν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, expressing the charge/offence. |
| 6 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | X-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 8 καταγνωσθέντες | obl | low | Relative pronoun, dative masculine singular; syntactic attachment is uncertain, probably an instrumental or associative dative with καταγνωσθέντες, though agreement/interpretation is difficult. |
| 7 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 6 ὅτῳ | discourse | high | Emphatic discourse particle within the relative clause. |
| 8 | καταγνωσθέντες | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἱκέται | acl | medium | Aorist passive participle agreeing with ἄνδρες/ἱκέται; 'having been condemned'. |
| 9 | ἱκέται | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative with καταφεύγουσιν: they flee as suppliants. |
| 10 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 ἀποθανεῖν | ccomp | high | Finite verb in the relative clause/content sequence; subject is the men. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 12 Ταίναρον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 12 | Ταίναρον | Ταίναρον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Accusative object of destination with ἐς. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀποθανεῖν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῶν ἐφόρων ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ σφᾶς ἀποσπάσασα ἀπέκτεινε.
The subject ἡ ἀρχὴ τῶν ἐφόρων is nominative; ἀποσπάσασα is a nominative feminine aorist participle agreeing with ἀρχή, and σφᾶς is its object. ἐντεῦθεν is locative/adverbial, likely ‘from this point/then’; ἀπό τοῦ βωμοῦ marks separation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | advmod | high | Adverbial deictic, with possible source sense ‘from here/from this point’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀρχὴ | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | N------NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέκτεινε; participial modifier ἀποσπάσασα agrees with it. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐφόρων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐφόρων | ἔφορος | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀρχὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχή: ‘the authority/office of the ephors’. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 9 βωμοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 βωμοῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποσπάσασα | obl | high | Source/separation complement of ἀποσπάσασα, with ἀπό attached as case marker. |
| 10 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----A---- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀποσπάσασα | obj | high | Third-person plural personal pronoun, object of ἀποσπάσασα. |
| 11 | ἀποσπάσασα | ἀποσπάω | VERB | VPAAN-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | advcl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with ἀρχή; circumstantial, prior to the finite verb. |
| 12 | ἀπέκτεινε | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V3IA--S3- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite predicate; augment and stem indicate imperfect active, third singular. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | punct | high |