Grammar parses for passage 4.24.5
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσηνίων δὲ τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας ἐν τῇ γῇ, συντελοῦντας κατὰ ἀνάγκην ἐς τοὺς εἵλωτας, ἐπέλαβεν ἀπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ὕστερον ἀποστῆναι κατὰ τὴν ἐνάτην Ὀλυμπιάδα καὶ ἑβδομηκοστήν, ἣν Κορίνθιος ἐνίκα Ξενοφῶν, Ἀρχιμήδους Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος·
The syntax is dominated by a main verb with accusative participial object and an infinitival complement; the final genitive absolute and the relative clause each modify the main narrative context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιοι | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the infinitival clause, dependent on ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | Article modifying ἐγκαταληφθέντας. |
| 4 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | V-APP-AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | obj | high | Participial object of ἐπέλαβεν introducing the men concerned. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 γῇ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ γῇ. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 γῇ | det | high | Article modifying γῇ. |
| 7 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | obl | high | Locative phrase with ἐν modifying ἐγκαταληφθέντας. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | συντελοῦντας | συντελέω | VERB | V-PAP-AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle coordinated/appositive to ἐγκαταληφθέντας; syntactic force uncertain. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀνάγκην | case | high | Preposition with ἀνάγκην. |
| 11 | ἀνάγκην | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 συντελοῦντας | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional phrase modifying συντελοῦντας. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 εἵλωτας | case | high | Preposition governing τοὺς εἵλωτας. |
| 13 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 εἵλωτας | det | high | Article modifying εἵλωτας. |
| 14 | εἵλωτας | εἵλωτης | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συντελοῦντας | obl | high | Prepositional complement of συντελοῦντας. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐπέλαβεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Λακεδαιμονίων | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | obl | high | Source/origin phrase with ἀπό. |
| 19 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἀποστῆναι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying infinitive. |
| 20 | ἀποστῆναι | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐπέλαβεν. |
| 21 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | case | high | Preposition governing the date phrase. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | det | high | Article modifying Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 23 | ἐνάτην | ἔνατος | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | amod | high | Ordinal adjective modifying Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 24 | Ὀλυμπιάδα | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀποστῆναι | obl | high | Temporal phrase with κατά, modifying ἀποστῆναι. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 26 ἑβδομηκοστήν | cc | high | Connects the ordinal adjective to ἐνάτην. |
| 26 | ἑβδομηκοστήν | ἑβδομηκοστός | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with ἐνάτην, understood with Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 30 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 29 | Κορίνθιος | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 Ξενοφῶν | amod | medium | Could be adjective used substantivally, referring to a Corinthian. |
| 30 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 24 Ὀλυμπιάδα | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 31 | Ξενοφῶν | Ξενοφῶν | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐνίκα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | Ἀρχιμήδους | Ἀρχιμήδης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 34 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 35 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Locative dative modifying ἄρχοντος. |
| 35 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute phrase. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπέλαβεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίων ἄνδρες ἀποθανεῖν ἐπὶ ἐγκλήματι ὅτῳ δὴ καταγνωσθέντες ἱκέται καταφεύγουσιν ἐς Ταίναρον·
The syntax is elliptical: the opening genitive plus infinitive phrase is difficult; ἄνδρες and καταγνωσθέντες most likely refer to the same subject as καταφεύγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἄνδρες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄνδρες. |
| 2 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of καταφεύγουσιν. |
| 3 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 ἄνδρες | acl | medium | Likely infinitival modifier depending on ἄνδρες; construction somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ἐγκλήματι | case | high | Preposition governing ἐγκλήματι. |
| 5 | ἐγκλήματι | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποθανεῖν | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἀποθανεῖν with ἐπί. |
| 6 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγκλήματι | det | medium | Likely relative determiner/pronoun modifying ἐγκλήματι. |
| 7 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 8 καταγνωσθέντες | discourse | high | Enclitic particle modifying participle. |
| 8 | καταγνωσθέντες | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 2 ἄνδρες | advcl | medium | Adverbial participle, agreeing with ἄνδρες. |
| 9 | ἱκέται | ἱκέτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | xcomp | low | Predicative/appositional noun; exact relation uncertain. |
| 10 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 12 Ταίναρον | case | high | Preposition governing Ταίναρον. |
| 12 | Ταίναρον | Ταίναρον | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Directional oblique complement. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῶν ἐφόρων ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ σφᾶς ἀποσπάσασα ἀπέκτεινε.
The clause is straightforward: ἀρχὴ is the subject, with a participial clause ἀποσπάσασα introducing the object σφᾶς and the prepositional phrase ἀπὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ modifying the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | advmod | high | Deictic adverb, modifies the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀρχὴ | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχὴ. |
| 4 | ἀρχὴ | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-SF----N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέκτεινε. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐφόρων | det | high | Article modifying ἐφόρων. |
| 6 | ἐφόρων | ἔφορος | NOUN | N-PM----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀρχὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀρχή. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 βωμοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing βωμοῦ. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 βωμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying βωμοῦ. |
| 9 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N-GM----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on the verb. |
| 10 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀποσπάσασα | obj | medium | Object of the participle; form is enclitic/poetic variant for acc. plur. |
| 11 | ἀποσπάσασα | ἀποσπάω | VERB | V-AAP-SFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἀρχὴ | advcl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with ἀρχή. |
| 12 | ἀπέκτεινε | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀπέκτεινε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |