Grammar parses for passage 4.24.6
Open translation for this passage
Σπαρτιάταις δὲ ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ θεμένοις τοὺς ἱκέτας ἀπήντησεν ἐκ Ποσειδῶνος μήνιμα, καί σφισιν ἐς ἔδαφος τὴν πόλιν πᾶσαν κατέβαλεν ὁ θεός.
The first participial clause is linked to the dative Spartans; μήνιμα is the nominative subject of ἀπήντησεν, while the coordinated clause has θεός as subject and κατέβαλεν as predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σπαρτιάταις | Σπαρτιάτης | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπήντησεν | obl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἀπήντησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 λόγῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | PRON | P-DMI | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θεμένοις | obl | high | |
| 6 | θεμένοις | τίθημι | VERB | V-AMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 Σπαρτιάταις | acl | medium | Participial phrase agrees with Σπαρτιάταις; idiomatically ‘having regarded ... as of no account’. |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἱκέτας | det | high | |
| 8 | ἱκέτας | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 θεμένοις | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἀπήντησεν | ἀπαντάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Ποσειδῶνος | case | high | |
| 11 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μήνιμα | nmod | high | |
| 12 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπήντησεν | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject: ‘a wrathful punishment/anger came upon them’. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπήντησεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 κατέβαλεν | cc | high | |
| 15 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 21 κατέβαλεν | iobj | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 ἔδαφος | case | high | |
| 17 | ἔδαφος | ἔδαφος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 κατέβαλεν | obl | high | |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 19 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 κατέβαλεν | obj | high | |
| 20 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πόλιν | amod | high | |
| 21 | κατέβαλεν | καταβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπήντησεν | conj | high | |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 θεός | det | high | |
| 23 | θεός | θεός | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 κατέβαλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπήντησεν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ συμφορᾷ ταύτῃ καὶ τῶν εἱλώτων ὅσοι Μεσσήνιοι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἦσαν, ἐς τὸ ὄρος τὴν Ἰθώμην ἀπέστησαν.
ἦσαν is copular with predicate adjective τὸ ἀρχαῖον; ὅσοι Μεσσήνιοι τῶν εἱλώτων is the subject/relative group, and ἀπέστησαν takes the directional ἐς phrase. The syntactic attachment of καὶ is mildly ambiguous; it is treated as coordinating the circumstance phrase with the following subject group.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 συμφορᾷ | case | high | With dative τῇ συμφορᾷ, temporal/circumstantial. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἀπέστησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 συμφορᾷ | det | high | |
| 4 | συμφορᾷ | συμφορά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέστησαν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 5 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 συμφορᾷ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying συμφορᾷ. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἀπέστησαν | cc | medium | Coordination/continuative force is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 εἱλώτων | det | high | |
| 8 | εἱλώτων | εἵλωτης | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Μεσσήνιοι | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive dependent on Μεσσήνιοι: those of the helots. |
| 9 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | X-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Μεσσήνιοι | nsubj | high | Relative quantifier introducing the subject group. |
| 10 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν and, by predication, of ἀπέστησαν. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Substantivized/predicative adjective with ἦσαν, ‘originally’. |
| 13 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἀπέστησαν | parataxis | medium | Imperfect of εἰμί; semantically links the relative qualification to the main subject. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 17 ὄρος | case | high | Directional preposition. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 17 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπέστησαν | obl | high | Object of ἐς; destination ‘to the mountain’. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἰθώμην | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὄρος | appos | high | Proper-name apposition specifying ὄρος. |
| 20 | ἀπέστησαν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, ‘withdrew/revolted’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀπέστησαν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἄλλα τε μετεπέμποντο συμμαχικὰ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς καὶ Κίμωνα τὸν Μιλτιάδου πρόξενόν σφισιν ὄντα καὶ Ἀθηναίων δύναμιν·
μετεπέμποντο coordinates ἄλλα συμμαχικά, Κίμωνα, and Ἀθηναίων δύναμιν; πρόξενον ὄντα is a predicative participial phrase referring to Κίμωνα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Nbmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 μετεπέμποντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 μετεπέμποντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | P--nap--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 μετεπέμποντο | obj | high | Substantival neuter plural. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἄλλα | cc | high | Correlative/additive particle. |
| 5 | μετεπέμποντο | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V3IIMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impft|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | συμμαχικὰ | συμμαχικός | ADJ | A--nap--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἄλλα | amod | medium | Agrees with substantival ἄλλα; means allied forces/things. |
| 7 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Elided preposition governing accusative. |
| 8 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P--am-p--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 μετεπέμποντο | obl | high | Prepositional goal/target. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Κίμωνα | cc | high | |
| 10 | Κίμωνα | Κίμων | PROPN | Nbam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μετεπέμποντο | obj | high | |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | R---am-s- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πρόξενόν | det | high | |
| 12 | Μιλτιάδου | Μιλτιάδης | PROPN | N-gm-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πρόξενόν | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival modifier. |
| 13 | πρόξενόν | πρόξενος | NOUN | Nbam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κίμωνα | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with ὄντα, agreeing with Κίμωνα. |
| 14 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P--dp-p--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 13 πρόξενόν | iobj | medium | Dative with πρόξενος: proxenos to them. |
| 15 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPAM-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 Κίμωνα | acl | high | Attributive/parenthetical participle agreeing with Κίμωνα. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 δύναμιν | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-gm-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 δύναμιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δύναμιν. |
| 18 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μετεπέμποντο | obj | high | Coordinated object with Κίμωνα. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 μετεπέμποντο | punct | high |
ἀφικομένους δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ὑποπτεῦσαι δοκοῦσιν ὡς τάχα νεωτερίσοντας καὶ ὑπὸ τῆς ὑποψίας ἀποπέμψασθαι μετʼ οὐ πολὺ ἐξ Ἰθώμης.
The sentence has δοκοῦσιν as its matrix verb, with coordinated infinitives ὑποπτεῦσαι and ἀποπέμψασθαι; the Athenians are the understood accusative subject of the infinitival content, and the participles specify the suspected and anticipated conduct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφικομένους | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 ὑποπτεῦσαι | csubj | medium | Accusative aorist middle participle; syntactically tied to the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 δοκοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--PMA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀθηναίους | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀφικομένους | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic name, object of ἀφικομένους. |
| 5 | ὑποπτεῦσαι | ὑποπτεύω | VERB | V--AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 δοκοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Aorist active infinitive in reported thought; Ἀθηναίους is its accusative subject. |
| 6 | δοκοῦσιν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 νεωτερίσοντας | mark | medium | Introduces the content/complement associated with suspicion of future conduct. |
| 8 | τάχα | τάχα | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 νεωτερίσοντας | advmod | high | |
| 9 | νεωτερίσοντας | νεωτερίζω | VERB | V-FAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 5 ὑποπτεῦσαι | xcomp | medium | Future active participle, accusative masculine plural; understood subject is the Athenians. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀποπέμψασθαι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 ὑποψίας | case | high | |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--FSG | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὑποψίας | det | high | |
| 13 | ὑποψίας | ὑποψία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀποπέμψασθαι | obl | high | Cause/source phrase: ‘because of the suspicion’. |
| 14 | ἀποπέμψασθαι | ἀποπέμπω | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 δοκοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Coordinated infinitive, with understood subject; middle voice has a deponent/reflexive nuance. |
| 15 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 πολὺ | case | high | Elided form of μετά. |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 17 πολὺ | advmod | high | |
| 17 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A--NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀποπέμψασθαι | obl | medium | Adverbial neuter accusative in the expression μετʼ οὐ πολύ. |
| 18 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Ἰθώμης | case | high | Elided form of ἐκ. |
| 19 | Ἰθώμης | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀποπέμψασθαι | obl | high | Place of departure. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 δοκοῦσιν | punct | high |