Grammar parses for passage 4.25.1
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἠπίσταντο γὰρ Οἰνιάδας Ἀκαρνάνων γῆν τε ἔχοντας ἀγαθὴν καὶ Ἀθηναίοις διαφόρους τὸν πάντα ὄντας χρόνον, στρατεύουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
The participial structure and the final finite clause στρατεύουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτούς are syntactically a bit loose; the sentence likely has multiple circumstantial modifiers attached to ἠπίσταντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-IXI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 4 | Οἰνιάδας | Οἰνιάδαι | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἠπίσταντο | obj | medium | Likely accusative object of ἠπίσταντο; form may reflect place-name usage. |
| 5 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Οἰνιάδας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Οἰνιάδας. |
| 6 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχοντας | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντας. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 6 γῆν | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating particle linking predicates/phrases. |
| 8 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἠπίσταντο | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the implicit subject/object context. |
| 9 | ἀγαθὴν | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γῆν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying γῆν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 διαφόρους | cc | high | Coordinates with προηγούμενον adjective/phrase. |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 διαφόρους | obl | medium | Dative with διαφόρους; likely reference to Athenians. |
| 12 | διαφόρους | διάφορος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχοντας | xcomp | medium | Predicative/secondary complement with ἔχοντας. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 χρόνον | det | high | Article with χρόνον. |
| 14 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 χρόνον | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying χρόνον. |
| 15 | ὄντας | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἠπίσταντο | advcl | high | Participial temporal clause. |
| 16 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ὄντας | obj | medium | Accusative of extent/duration with ὄντας. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 2 ἠπίσταντο | advcl | medium | Likely circumstantial finite clause; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 20 αὐτούς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 20 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐπὶ. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
ὄντες δὲ ἀριθμῷ μὲν οὐ πλείους, ἀρετῇ δὲ καὶ πολὺ ἀμείνονες ὄντες τῇ σφετέρᾳ νικῶσι, καὶ ἐπολιόρκουν κατακεκλειμένους ἐς τὸ τεῖχος.
The syntax is paratactic with two participial comparative clauses leading into the main coordinated verb ἐπολιόρκουν; νικῶσι is somewhat difficult and may be understood as a finite verbal clause dependent on the second participial phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄντες | εἰμί | VERB | PAPMPN | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 πλείους | advcl | high | Participle agreeing with omitted subject; concessive/temporal in sense. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ὄντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-S---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πλείους | obl | high | Dative of respect/respective comparison. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἀριθμῷ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 πλείους | advmod | high | Negation of comparative. |
| 6 | πλείους | πλείων | ADJ | A-NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὄντες | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with implied subject; head of first comparative clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πλείους | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-S---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀμείνονες | obl | high | Dative of respect. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἀμείνονες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 πολὺ | cc | high | Connective to emphatic modifier. |
| 11 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-AS--- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀμείνονες | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying comparative. |
| 12 | ἀμείνονες | ἀμείνων | ADJ | A-NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὄντες | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with participle ὄντες. |
| 13 | ὄντες | εἰμί | VERB | PAPMPN | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | advcl | high | Second participial clause modifying main action. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 σφετέρᾳ | det | high | Article with possessive adjective. |
| 15 | σφετέρᾳ | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 νικῶσι | obl | medium | Possessive adjective in dative; likely with implied 'their own' to νικῶσι. |
| 16 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-3P--PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ὄντες | advcl | low | Likely finite verb meaning 'prevail/win'; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 νικῶσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | ἐπολιόρκουν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-3PIIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 20 | κατακεκλειμένους | κατακλείω | VERB | V-PPM-PA | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | obj | high | Accusative participle functioning as object complement / object-like participle. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 23 τεῖχος | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 τεῖχος | det | high | Article. |
| 23 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | obl | high | Goal/location with ἐς. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |