Grammar parses for passage 4.25.1
Open translation for this passage
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἔσχον τὴν Ναύπακτον, οὐκ ἀπέχρη πόλιν τε αὐτοῖς καὶ χώραν εἰληφέναι παρὰ Ἀθηναίων, ἀλλὰ σφᾶς πόθος εἶχεν ἰσχυρὸς χερσὶ ταῖς αὑτῶν φανῆναι λόγου τι κεκτημένους ἄξιον.
Main structure: concessive/temporal ἐπεί-clause; ἀπέχρη governs the infinitive εἰληφέναι, followed by contrastive ἀλλά and a clause with πόθος as subject and εἶχεν governing φανῆναι. The final participle κεκτημένους is accusative and agrees with σφᾶς, whose attachment is syntactically compressed/uncertain; λόγου τι ἄξιον is an object-complement phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C | _ | 3 ἔσχον | mark | high | Temporal/concessive subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἔσχον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-AIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 ἀπέχρη | advcl | high | Aorist indicative, subject understood from context. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ναύπακτον | det | high | |
| 5 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔσχον | obj | high | Place-name. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔσχον | punct | high | |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἀπέχρη | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἀπέχρη | ἀποχράω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal use: ‘it was not sufficient’; subject is clausal/implicit. |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἰληφέναι | obj | high | First object of εἰληφέναι. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πόλιν | cc | high | Coordinates πόλιν and χώραν. |
| 11 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 14 εἰληφέναι | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possession with εἰληφέναι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 χώραν | cc | high | |
| 13 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλιν | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 14 | εἰληφέναι | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-RNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἀπέχρη | csubj | medium | Perfect infinitive, likely clausal subject/complement of impersonal ἀπέχρη. |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 16 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | With genitive: source. |
| 16 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰληφέναι | obl | high | ‘from the Athenians’. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέχρη | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 εἶχεν | cc | high | Contrastive coordinator. |
| 19 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 29 κεκτημένους | obj | medium | Accusative likely associated with κεκτημένους; construction is compressed. |
| 20 | πόθος | πόθος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἀπέχρη | conj | high | Finite verb in the ἀλλά clause. |
| 22 | ἰσχυρὸς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόθος | amod | high | Agrees with πόθος. |
| 23 | χερσὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 φανῆναι | obl | medium | Dative of means: ‘with their hands’. |
| 24 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 χερσὶ | det | high | |
| 25 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 23 χερσὶ | nmod | high | Reflexive possessive genitive. |
| 26 | φανῆναι | φαίνω | VERB | V-2APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 21 εἶχεν | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive, idiomatically ‘to appear/show themselves’; exact control relation uncertain. |
| 27 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἄξιον | nmod | high | Genitive in the idiom λόγου ἄξιος. |
| 28 | τι | τις | PRON | P-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 27 λόγου | det | medium | Indefinite modifier within the genitive phrase, likely ‘of some account’; morphology is ambiguous in isolation. |
| 29 | κεκτημένους | κτάομαι | VERB | V-RMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 26 φανῆναι | xcomp | medium | Perfect middle participle agreeing with σφᾶς; governs the implied object λόγου τι. |
| 30 | ἄξιον | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 κεκτημένους | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective/complement of the understood object of κεκτημένους; agreement may reflect λόγον understood. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπέχρη | punct | high |
καὶ ἠπίσταντο γὰρ Οἰνιάδας Ἀκαρνάνων γῆν τε ἔχοντας ἀγαθὴν καὶ Ἀθηναίοις διαφόρους τὸν πάντα ὄντας χρόνον, στρατεύουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
The finite verb ἠπίσταντο governs Οἰνιάδας as its object; the participial phrase Ἀκαρνάνων ... ἔχοντας ... ὄντας describes the Oiniadae. στρατεύουσιν is a coordinated finite verb with understood subject (the Athenians), and ἐπʼ αὐτούς marks its target. The form ἠπίσταντο is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; here it is parsed as imperfect middle 3PL of ἐπίσταμαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _=_ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Parsed as imperfect middle 3PL; form may be ambiguous without broader context. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X---- | _=_ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Οἰνιάδας | Οἰνιάδης | PROPN | Np---PA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἠπίσταντο | obj | high | Ethnic/place-name plural. |
| 5 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | Np---PG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 γῆν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχοντας | obj | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C---- | _=_ | 8 ἔχοντας | cc | high | Correlative with καὶ at token 10. |
| 8 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 Οἰνιάδας | acl | high | |
| 9 | ἀγαθὴν | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γῆν | amod | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _=_ | 15 ὄντας | cc | high | Correlative with τε at token 7. |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Np---PD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 διαφόρους | obl | high | Dative with διαφόρους. |
| 12 | διαφόρους | διάφορος | ADJ | A-----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ὄντας | xcomp | medium | Predicative participial complement, coordinated conceptually with ἔχοντας. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-----ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 14 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-----ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 χρόνον | amod | high | |
| 15 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 Οἰνιάδας | acl | high | |
| 16 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-----ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ὄντας | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _=_ | 18 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 2 ἠπίσταντο | conj | medium | Coordinated finite verb; subject is understood from context, likely Athenians. |
| 19 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-----A- | AdpType=Prep | 20 αὐτούς | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 20 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 18 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _=_ | 2 ἠπίσταντο | punct | high |
ὄντες δὲ ἀριθμῷ μὲν οὐ πλείους, ἀρετῇ δὲ καὶ πολὺ ἀμείνονες ὄντες τῇ σφετέρᾳ νικῶσι, καὶ ἐπολιόρκουν κατακεκλειμένους ἐς τὸ τεῖχος.
The participles ὄντες/ὄντες are circumstantial and corefer with the implicit subject of νικῶσι and ἐπολιόρκουν; πλείους and ἀμείνονες are comparative predicates, with the second ὄντες resuming the first construction. κατακεκλειμένους is the object-oriented participle with ἐπολιόρκουν, agreeing with an understood masculine plural object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄντες | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 νικῶσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle; subject is shared with νικῶσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 1 ὄντες | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πλείους | obl | high | Dative of respect: in number. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 3 ἀριθμῷ | advmod | high | Correlative with δὲ at token 9. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 6 πλείους | advmod | high | |
| 6 | πλείους | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὄντες | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate with εἰμί understood/continued. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ὄντες | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀμείνονες | obl | high | Dative of respect: in excellence. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 ἀρετῇ | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν at token 4. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 12 ἀμείνονες | cc | high | |
| 11 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | D- | Degree=Pos | 12 ἀμείνονες | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative modifying the comparative. |
| 12 | ἀμείνονες | ἀμείνων | ADJ | A-NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὄντες | xcomp | high | Comparative predicate with the following participle. |
| 13 | ὄντες | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 νικῶσι | advcl | high | Resumptive circumstantial participle, sharing the subject of νικῶσι. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 σφετέρᾳ | det | high | |
| 15 | σφετέρᾳ | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes | 12 ἀμείνονες | obl | medium | Possessive dative phrase, likely ‘in their own excellence’; syntactically attached to the comparative. |
| 16 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 νικῶσι | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 19 | ἐπολιόρκουν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 νικῶσι | conj | high | Coordinated imperfect finite verb. |
| 20 | κατακεκλειμένους | κατακλείω | VERB | V-RPP-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | obj | high | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with the understood masculine plural object of ἐπολιόρκουν. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 23 τεῖχος | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 23 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 κατακεκλειμένους | obl | high | Goal complement of ἐς within the participial phrase. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 νικῶσι | punct | high |