Grammar parses for passage 4.25.2
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν, οὐ γάρ τι τῶν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εὑρημένων ἐς πολιορκίαν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι παρίεσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κλίμακας προστιθέντες ἐπειρῶντο ὑπερβαίνειν ἐς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ὑπώρυσσον κάτωθεν τὸ τεῖχος, μηχανήματά τε, ὁποῖα ἐνῆν διʼ ὀλίγου παρασκευάσασθαι, προσαγαγόντες ἀεί τι ἤρειπον·
The sentence is a long coordinated narrative with several participial clauses; the main difficulty is the sequence beginning τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν and the relative-like ὁποῖα ἐνῆν διʼ ὀλίγου παρασκευάσασθαι, whose exact attachment is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 παρίεσαν | advmod | medium | Likely article functioning adverbially with ἐντεῦθεν phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial phrase of direction/source. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | advmod | high | Negator. |
| 6 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 7 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 εὑρημένων | obj | low | Could be indefinite enclitic modifying omitted noun; taken with εὑρημένων. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 εὑρημένων | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἀνθρώποις | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εὑρημένων | obl | high | Dative modifier of εὑρημένων. |
| 11 | εὑρημένων | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 τι | amod | low | Genitive plural participle after τῶν; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 πολιορκίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 παρίεσαν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 παρίεσαν | nsubj | high | Ethnicon used as subject. |
| 16 | παρίεσαν | παρίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of first clause. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἐπειρῶντο | cc | high | Adversative coordinator. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | PART | _ | _ | 20 κλίμακας | advmod | high | Additive particle. |
| 20 | κλίμακας | κλίμαξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 προστιθέντες | obj | high | Object of προστιθέντες. |
| 21 | προστιθέντες | προστίθημι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 22 | ἐπειρῶντο | πείρω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 16 παρίεσαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 23 | ὑπερβαίνειν | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 26 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 πόλιν | det | high | Article. |
| 26 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ὑπερβαίνειν | obl | high | Goal of ὑπερβαίνειν. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ὑπώρυσσον | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 28 | ὑπώρυσσον | ὑποορύσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 παρίεσαν | conj | medium | Imperfect indicative; lemma uncertain but standard sense is 'undermined'. |
| 29 | κάτωθεν | κάτωθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 28 ὑπώρυσσον | advmod | high | Adverb. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 τεῖχος | det | high | Article. |
| 31 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ὑπώρυσσον | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ὑπώρυσσον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | μηχανήματά | μηχάνημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 45 ἤρειπον | obj | high | Object of ἤρειπον. |
| 34 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 33 μηχανήματά | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 ἤρειπον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 36 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 37 ἐνῆν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun; likely refers to means implied by infinitive. |
| 37 | ἐνῆν | ἔνειμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 36 ὁποῖα | acl:relcl | medium | Imperfect 'were available'. |
| 38 | διʼ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 39 ὀλίγου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 39 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 παρασκευάσασθαι | obl | high | Genitive with preposition. |
| 40 | παρασκευάσασθαι | παρασκευάζω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 37 ἐνῆν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement to ἐνῆν. |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 ἤρειπον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 42 | προσαγαγόντες | προσάγω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 45 ἤρειπον | advcl | high | Concessive/circumstantial participle. |
| 43 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | _ | _ | 45 ἤρειπον | advmod | high | Adverb. |
| 44 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 45 ἤρειπον | obj | high | Indefinite pronoun modifying omitted object or means. |
| 45 | ἤρειπον | ἀναρρίπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 παρίεσαν | conj | medium | Imperfect indicative; lexical choice uncertain, but form clearly finite and coordinated. |
| 46 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρίεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δείσαντες δὲ οἱ ἔνδον μὴ ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως αὐτοί τε ἀπόλωνται καὶ αἱ γυναῖκές σφισι καὶ οἱ παῖδες ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν, εἵλοντο ἀπελθεῖν ὑπόσπονδοι.
The μή-clause contains two coordinated subjunctives, each with its own nominative subject; the genitive absolute ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως is the main difficult construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δείσαντες | δείδω | VERB | AOR;ACT;PTCP;NOM;MASC;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 εἵλοντο | advcl | high | Concessive/causal participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 δείσαντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-;NOM;MASC;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἔνδον | det | high | Article with substantival participle. |
| 4 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | D | _ | 1 δείσαντες | nsubj | medium | Used substantively with article, referring to those inside. |
| 5 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἀπόλωνται | advmod | high | Negates the participial clause. |
| 6 | ἁλούσης | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | AOR;PASS;PTCP;GEN;FEM;SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 πόλεως | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GEN;FEM;SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πόλεως | det | high | Article with πόλεως. |
| 8 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GEN;FEM;SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἁλούσης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 9 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | A-NOM;MASC;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀπόλωνται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπόλωνται. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 9 αὐτοί | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 11 | ἀπόλωνται | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | AOR;MID;SBJV;3PL | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 21 εἵλοντο | ccomp | high | Verb in subordinate μή-clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἀπόλωνται | cc | high | Connects coordinated subjects/clauses. |
| 13 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM;FEM;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 γυναῖκές | det | high | Article with γυναῖκες. |
| 14 | γυναῖκές | γυνή | NOUN | N-NOM;FEM;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπόλωνται | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject of ἀπόλωνται. |
| 15 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DAT;PL | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 γυναῖκές | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage with γυναῖκες, likely 'their women'. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 γυναῖκές | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM;MASC;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 παῖδες | det | high | Article with παῖδες. |
| 18 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NOM;MASC;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀπόλωνται | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject of ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν. |
| 19 | ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν | ἐξανδραποδίζω | VERB | AOR;PASS;SBJV;3PL | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 21 εἵλοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated subjunctive in the μή-clause. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἵλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | εἵλοντο | αἱρέω | VERB | AOR;MID;IND;3PL | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 22 | ἀπελθεῖν | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | AOR;ACT;INF | Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 εἵλοντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 23 | ὑπόσπονδοι | ὑπόσπονδος | ADJ | A-NOM;MASC;PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀπελθεῖν | advcl | medium | Predicative/resultative adjunct to the infinitive; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἵλοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |