Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.25.2

← 4.25.1 4.25.3 →

Passage 4.25.2

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

70Greek tokens

1,829input tokens

5,086output tokens

Sentence 1

4.25.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 46
Input: 1,020
Output: 3,234
Total: 4,254

τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν, οὐ γάρ τι τῶν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εὑρημένων ἐς πολιορκίαν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι παρίεσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ κλίμακας προστιθέντες ἐπειρῶντο ὑπερβαίνειν ἐς τὴν πόλιν καὶ ὑπώρυσσον κάτωθεν τὸ τεῖχος, μηχανήματά τε, ὁποῖα ἐνῆν διʼ ὀλίγου παρασκευάσασθαι, προσαγαγόντες ἀεί τι ἤρειπον·

The sentence has an elliptical topical opening (τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν) and several coordinated siege actions; ἐνῆν ... παρασκευάσασθαι is treated as an impersonal possibility construction.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἐντεῦθεν	nsubj	high	Substantivized article, topical subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	3 ἐντεῦθεν	cc	high
3	ἐντεῦθεν	ἐντεῦθεν	ADV	D	_	16 παρίεσαν	advmod	medium	Adverbial resumptive phrase, 'from this point onward'; construction is elliptical.
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐντεῦθεν	punct	high
5	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D-	Polarity=Neg	16 παρίεσαν	advmod	high
6	γάρ	γάρ	CCONJ	C-	_	16 παρίεσαν	discourse	high	Explanatory connective.
7	τι	τις	PRON	PX-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 παρίεσαν	obj	medium	Indefinite pronoun with partitive genitive complement.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 εὑρημένων	det	high
9	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἀνθρώποις	det	high
10	ἀνθρώποις	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 εὑρημένων	obl	high	Dative of agent with perfect passive participle.
11	εὑρημένων	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V-RP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	7 τι	acl	high	Genitive substantival participle, modifying τῶν.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R-	_	13 πολιορκίαν	case	high
13	πολιορκίαν	πολιορκία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 εὑρημένων	obl	high	Purpose/domain complement: things discovered for siege warfare.
14	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 Μεσσήνιοι	det	high
15	Μεσσήνιοι	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	Ne-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 παρίεσαν	nsubj	high	Ethnic proper-name plural.
16	παρίεσαν	παρίημι	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb, with coordinated subsequent actions.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 παρίεσαν	punct	high
18	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C-	_	22 ἐπειρῶντο	cc	high	Adversative coordination.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	21 προστιθέντες	cc	high	Coordinates participial action with the following verb.
20	κλίμακας	κλῖμαξ	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	21 προστιθέντες	obj	high
21	προστιθέντες	προστίθημι	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	22 ἐπειρῶντο	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle sharing subject with ἐπειρῶντο.
22	ἐπειρῶντο	πειράω	VERB	V-IMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	16 παρίεσαν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb after ἀλλά.
23	ὑπερβαίνειν	ὑπερβαίνω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	22 ἐπειρῶντο	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive of ἐπειρῶντο.
24	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R-	_	26 πόλιν	case	high
25	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 πόλιν	det	high
26	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ὑπερβαίνειν	obl	high	Goal of ὑπερβαίνειν.
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	28 ὑπώρυσσον	cc	high
28	ὑπώρυσσον	ὑπορύσσω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	16 παρίεσαν	conj	high	Further coordinated action of the Messenians.
29	κάτωθεν	κάτωθεν	ADV	D	_	28 ὑπώρυσσον	advmod	high	Adverb of source/place, 'from below'.
30	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 τεῖχος	det	high
31	τεῖχος	τεῖχος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 ὑπώρυσσον	obj	high
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	28 ὑπώρυσσον	punct	high
33	μηχανήματά	μηχάνημα	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	42 προσαγαγόντες	obj	high	Object of προσαγαγόντες.
34	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	33 μηχανήματά	cc	high	Postpositive enclitic coordination.
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	33 μηχανήματά	punct	high
36	ὁποῖα	ὁποῖος	PRON	PX-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	33 μηχανήματά	acl:relcl	medium	Relative adjective agreeing with μηχανήματα.
37	ἐνῆν	ἔνειμι	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	36 ὁποῖα	acl:relcl	medium	Impersonal/elliptical relative clause: 'such as it was possible'.
38	διʼ	διά	ADP	R-	_	39 ὀλίγου	case	high
39	ὀλίγου	ὀλίγος	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 παρασκευάσασθαι	obl	high	Adverbial genitive with διά, 'in a short time'.
40	παρασκευάσασθαι	παρασκευάζω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	37 ἐνῆν	xcomp	medium	Infinitive dependent on impersonal ἐνῆν.
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	42 προσαγαγόντες	punct	high
42	προσαγαγόντες	προσάγω	VERB	V-AAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	45 ἤρειπον	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, sharing subject with ἤρειπον.
43	ἀεί	ἀεί	ADV	D	_	45 ἤρειπον	advmod	high
44	τι	τις	PRON	PX-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	45 ἤρειπον	obj	high	Indefinite object, 'something'.
45	ἤρειπον	ἐρείπω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	28 ὑπώρυσσον	conj	medium	Coordinated with ὑπώρυσσον; subject recovered from Μεσσήνιοι.
46	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	16 παρίεσαν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.25.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 24
Input: 809
Output: 1,852
Total: 2,661

δείσαντες δὲ οἱ ἔνδον μὴ ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως αὐτοί τε ἀπόλωνται καὶ αἱ γυναῖκές σφισι καὶ οἱ παῖδες ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν, εἵλοντο ἀπελθεῖν ὑπόσπονδοι.

The μή clause is a feared contingency dependent on δείσαντες; ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως is a genitive absolute, while αὐτοί τε ... καὶ ... ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν coordinate the feared outcomes.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	δείσαντες	δείδω	VERB	AAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	21 εἵλοντο	advcl	high	Aorist circumstantial participle, subject οἱ ἔνδον.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 εἵλοντο	cc	high
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἔνδον	det	high	Article substantivizing ἔνδον.
4	ἔνδον	ἔνδον	ADV	ADV	_	21 εἵλοντο	nsubj	medium	Substantivized adverb with οἱ, ‘those within’.
5	μὴ	μή	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 ἁλούσης	advmod	high	Negative particle in the feared contingency.
6	ἁλούσης	ἁλίσκομαι	VERB	APP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	11 ἀπόλωνται	advcl	high	Genitive absolute, with τῆς πόλεως.
7	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 πόλεως	det	high
8	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἁλούσης	nsubj	high	Subject of ἁλούσης in genitive absolute.
9	αὐτοί	αὐτός	PRON	P-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	11 ἀπόλωνται	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject, referring to οἱ ἔνδον.
10	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἀπόλωνται	cc	high
11	ἀπόλωνται	ἀπόλλυμι	VERB	V2S-AMS-3P	Mood=Subjunctive\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	21 εἵλοντο	ccomp	high	First verb in μή contingency coordinated with ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν	cc	high
13	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	14 γυναῖκές	det	high
14	γυναῖκές	γυνή	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	19 ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν	nsubj	high	Coordinated subject of ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν.
15	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-D3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	14 γυναῖκές	iobj	medium	Possessive/dative of association: their women.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 παῖδες	cc	high
17	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 παῖδες	det	high
18	παῖδες	παῖς	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν	nsubj	high	Coordinated subject of ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν.
19	ἐξανδραποδισθῶσιν	ἐξανδραποδίζω	VERB	VQ3P-SAP	Mood=Subjunctive\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	11 ἀπόλωνται	conj	high	Second coordinated verb in the μή contingency.
20	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	21 εἵλοντο	punct	high
21	εἵλοντο	αἱρέω	VERB	V2M-AMI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate, middle ‘they chose’.
22	ἀπελθεῖν	ἀπέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	21 εἵλοντο	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive of εἵλοντο.
23	ὑπόσπονδοι	ὑπόσπονδος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἀπελθεῖν	advmod	medium	Predicative adjective with understood subject of ἀπελθεῖν: under truce.
24	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	21 εἵλοντο	punct	high

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