Grammar parses for passage 4.25.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἐνιαυτὸν μὲν μάλιστα οἱ Μεσσήνιοι κατέσχον τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἐνέμοντο τὴν χώραν·
The sentence coordinates κατέσχον and ἐνέμοντο under the shared subject οἱ Μεσσήνιοι; ἐνιαυτόν is an accusative duration, while μάλιστα modifies it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 κατέσχον | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐνιαυτὸν | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κατέσχον | obj | high | Accusative duration. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 κατέσχον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | Degree=Sup | 2 ἐνιαυτὸν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 6 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 κατέσχον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 7 | κατέσχον | κατέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κατέσχον | obj | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἐνέμοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 11 | ἐνέμοντο | νέμω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 7 κατέσχον | conj | high | Middle voice: occupied/managed. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 χώραν | det | high | |
| 13 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐνέμοντο | obj | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κατέσχον | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ ἔτει τῷ ὑστέρῳ δύναμιν οἱ Ἀκαρνᾶνες ἀπὸ πασῶν συλλέξαντες τῶν πόλεων ἐβουλεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν Ναύπακτον στρατεύειν.
The dative temporal phrase τῷ δὲ ἔτει τῷ ὑστέρῳ sets the time; οἱ Ἀκαρνᾶνες is the subject, συλλέξαντες a circumstantial participle, and στρατεύειν an articular-less infinitival complement of ἐβουλεύοντο. ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων depends on δύναμιν/συλλέξαντες, with the exact attachment mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἔτει | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐβουλεύοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐβουλεύοντο | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὑστέρῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | ὑστέρῳ | ὕστερος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔτει | amod | high | Substantivally modifying ἔτει. |
| 6 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 συλλέξαντες | obj | medium | Object of συλλέξαντες, or possibly a semantic object associated with the deliberation. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀκαρνᾶνες | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀκαρνᾶνες | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐβουλεύοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 πόλεων | case | high | |
| 10 | πασῶν | πᾶς | DET | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot | 13 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 11 | συλλέξαντες | συλλέγω | VERB | V-APA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐβουλεύοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle agreeing with Ἀκαρνᾶνες. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 13 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 συλλέξαντες | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπό; attached through the preposition. |
| 14 | ἐβουλεύοντο | βουλεύω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ναύπακτον | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ναύπακτον | det | high | |
| 17 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 στρατεύειν | obl | high | Goal complement of στρατεύειν with ἐπί + accusative. |
| 18 | στρατεύειν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐβουλεύοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐβουλεύοντο. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐβουλεύοντο | punct | high |
καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ἀπέδοξεν αὐτοῖς τήν τε πορείαν ὁρῶσιν, ὅτι ἔσεσθαι διʼ Αἰτωλῶν ἔμελλε πολεμίων ἀεί ποτε ὄντων, καὶ ἅμα τοὺς Ναυπακτίους κεκτῆσθαί τι ναυτικὸν ὑπώπτευον, ὥσπερ γε καὶ εἶχον, ἐπικρατούντων δὲ ἐκείνων τῆς θαλάσσης οὐδὲν εἶναι κατεργάσασθαι μέγα οὐδὲ στρατῷ πεζῷ·
The sentence coordinates two grounds for rejecting the expedition; the final genitive absolute (ἐπικρατούντων δὲ ἐκείνων τῆς θαλάσσης) governs an infinitival assessment of what could be accomplished.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | obj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἀπέδοξεν | ἀποδοκέω | VERB | V-3S-AIA | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal ‘it seemed unacceptable/displeasing’; αὐτοῖς is experiencer. |
| 5 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | iobj | high | |
| 6 | τήν | ὁ | DET | S-FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πορείαν | det | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 πορείαν | cc | high | |
| 8 | πορείαν | πορεία | NOUN | N-FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | obj | high | |
| 9 | ὁρῶσιν | ὁράω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 πορείαν | acl | medium | Dative plural participle, agreeing with αὐτοῖς; construed as ‘when considering the route’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὁρῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἔμελλε | mark | high | |
| 12 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | V-F--NAI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 15 ἔμελλε | ccomp | medium | Future infinitive in reported content; auxiliary/copular. |
| 13 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 14 Αἰτωλῶν | case | high | |
| 14 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἔσεσθαι | obl | high | With διά, route through Aetolian territory/people. |
| 15 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V-3S-IAI | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 ὁρῶσιν | ccomp | high | Impersonal ‘was going to be’; subject is the route. |
| 16 | πολεμίων | πολέμιος | ADJ | A-GP-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ὄντων | xcomp | medium | Predicative with ὄντων: ‘being hostile/enemies’. |
| 17 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | _ | _ | 19 ὄντων | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἀεί | advmod | medium | Enclitic temporal particle, attached to ἀεί. |
| 19 | ὄντων | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 Αἰτωλῶν | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participial adjunct, with Αἰτωλῶν understood as subject. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ὄντων | punct | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ὑπώπτευον | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | _ | _ | 28 ὑπώπτευον | advmod | high | |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Ναυπακτίους | det | high | |
| 24 | Ναυπακτίους | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 κεκτῆσθαί | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive κεκτῆσθαι. |
| 25 | κεκτῆσθαί | κτάομαι | VERB | V-RNAI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 28 ὑπώπτευον | ccomp | high | Perfect middle infinitive, ‘to possess/acquire’. |
| 26 | τι | τις | PRON | Pi-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ναυτικὸν | det | high | Indefinite modifier of ναυτικόν. |
| 27 | ναυτικὸν | ναυτικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 κεκτῆσθαί | obj | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘some naval force/equipment’. |
| 28 | ὑπώπτευον | ὑποπτεύω | VERB | V-3P-IAI | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | conj | high | |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ὑπώπτευον | punct | high | |
| 30 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 33 εἶχον | mark | high | |
| 31 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 30 ὥσπερ | discourse | high | |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 33 εἶχον | cc | high | |
| 33 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-3P-IAI | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 28 ὑπώπτευον | advcl | high | Parenthetical comparison: ‘as indeed they did possess’. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 35 | ἐπικρατούντων | ἐπικρατέω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 41 εἶναι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, subject supplied by ἐκείνων. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 35 ἐπικρατούντων | cc | high | |
| 37 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | Pd-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἐπικρατούντων | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 θαλάσσης | det | high | |
| 39 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἐπικρατούντων | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπικρατέω. |
| 40 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | Px-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 κατεργάσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 41 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNAI | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | ccomp | medium | Infinitival complement of ἀπέδοξεν, with κατεργάσασθαι coordinated as its complement. |
| 42 | κατεργάσασθαι | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-A-NAM | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 41 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Aorist middle infinitive, ‘to accomplish’; subject is understood. |
| 43 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 κατεργάσασθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘anything great’. |
| 44 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 42 κατεργάσασθαι | cc | high | |
| 45 | στρατῷ | στρατός | NOUN | N-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 κατεργάσασθαι | obl | high | Dative of means: ‘even with a land army’. |
| 46 | πεζῷ | πεζός | ADJ | A-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 στρατῷ | amod | high | |
| 47 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπέδοξεν | punct | high |