Grammar parses for passage 4.25.10
Open translation for this passage
αὐτοὶ δὲ περὶ ὕπνον πρῶτον ἐξελθόντες ἐκ τῶν Οἰνιαδῶν
Participial clause: αὐτοὶ is the nominative subject of ἐξελθόντες; περὶ ὕπνον is an idiom meaning 'at about sleep/bedtime'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-G-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Int | 6 ἐξελθόντες | nsubj | high | Nominative plural subject of the circumstantial participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐξελθόντες | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 4 ὕπνον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative in the temporal idiom. |
| 4 | ὕπνον | ὕπνος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξελθόντες | obl | high | Accusative object of περί; temporal idiom 'around bedtime'. |
| 5 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξελθόντες | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'first'. |
| 6 | ἐξελθόντες | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | advcl | high | Aorist active nominative masculine plural circumstantial participle; root of the fragment. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 9 Οἰνιαδῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Οἰνιαδῶν | det | high | Genitive feminine plural article. |
| 9 | Οἰνιαδῶν | Οἰνιάδαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐξελθόντες | obl | high | Genitive plural place name governed by ἐκ. |
περὶ τριακοσίους μὲν ἀποβάλλουσι καὶ πλείονας ἔτι αὐτοὶ τῶν ἐναντίων κατεργάζονται
The first clause has περὶ with an accusative numeral as an approximate object; μὲν coordinates with the following καί clause. In the second clause, πλείονας (sc. τοσούτους/ἄνδρας) is a substantival accusative object of κατεργάζονται, modified by τῶν ἐναντίων as a genitive of comparison or partitive relation; αὐτοί is the emphatic subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 2 τριακοσίους | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative numeral phrase. |
| 2 | τριακοσίους | τριακόσιοι | NUM | Adjective-Numeral | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 4 ἀποβάλλουσι | obj | high | Accusative masculine plural numeral, approximately ‘about three hundred’; substantival object of ἀποβάλλουσι. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-- | _ | 4 ἀποβάλλουσι | discourse | high | Correlative particle anticipating the following καί clause. |
| 4 | ἀποβάλλουσι | ἀποβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first coordinated clause. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 κατεργάζονται | cc | high | Coordinates the second verbal clause with the first. |
| 6 | πλείονας | πολύς | ADJ | A-CMP-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 κατεργάζονται | obj | high | Substantival comparative accusative, ‘more [of the opponents]’, object of κατεργάζονται. |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 κατεργάζονται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the comparative or the second verbal clause. |
| 8 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 κατεργάζονται | nsubj | high | Emphatic nominative subject of κατεργάζονται; nominative reflex of the clause subject. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἐναντίων | det | high | Article determining ἐναντίων. |
| 10 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-P---GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πλείονας | nmod | medium | Substantival genitive ‘of the opponents’; interpretable as partitive or comparative complement of πλείονας. |
| 11 | κατεργάζονται | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 4 ἀποβάλλουσι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; middle voice, ‘they accomplish/overcome’. |
τὸ δὲ πολὺ αὐτῶν διεκπίπτουσι διὰ τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων καὶ ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι τῆς Αἰτωλῶν ἐχόντων σφίσιν ἐπιτηδείως ἐς τὴν Ναύπακτον ἀνασώζονται
The transmitted text appears syntactically corrupt or textually variant: διεκπίπτουσι and ἀνασώζονται are finite plural verbs, while ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι and ἐχόντων form a difficult participial construction; αὐτῶν is treated as a partitive genitive with πολὺ, and τῆς Αἰτωλῶν is morphologically mismatched, likely reflecting corruption or an omitted/altered form. Heads are therefore conservative and uncertainty is marked.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | Polarity=Pos | 5 διεκπίπτουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 διεκπίπτουσι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, probably ‘the greater part’; could be adverbial in a corrupt text. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 3 πολὺ | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive with substantivized πολὺ; antecedent is not explicit in the sentence. |
| 5 | διεκπίπτουσι | διακπίπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite plural verb; lexical form may be textual/orthographic variant of διακπίπτω. |
| 6 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 8 Ἀκαρνάνων | case | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀκαρνάνων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 διεκπίπτουσι | obl | high | Genitive governed by διά. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 19 ἀνασώζονται | advcl | medium | Nominal participle, coordinated with the main verbal action; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | |
| 12 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπιλαμβανόμενοι | obj | low | Form is genitive plural, but τῆς is feminine singular; likely textual corruption or an unrepresented noun/phrase. |
| 13 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 Αἰτωλῶν | acl | low | Genitive plural participle; could agree with Αἰτωλῶν, but the resulting construction is difficult. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-RPD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 13 ἐχόντων | iobj | medium | Dative reflexive pronoun, likely dependent on ἐχόντων. |
| 15 | ἐπιτηδείως | ἐπιτηδείως | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Pos | 13 ἐχόντων | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying ἐχόντων or the associated participial phrase. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 18 Ναύπακτον | case | high | |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Ναύπακτον | det | high | |
| 18 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνασώζονται | obl | high | Goal of motion with εἰς. |
| 19 | ἀνασώζονται | ἀνασώζω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 διεκπίπτουσι | conj | medium | Finite plural verb coordinated with διεκπίπτουσι; reflexive/medio-passive sense ‘make their way safely back’. |