Grammar parses for passage 4.25.9
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἁλῶναι μὲν κατὰ κράτος τὸ τεῖχος ἢ ὑπερβάντων τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων ἢ καὶ ἀπολιπεῖν βιασθεῖσιν αὐτοῖς τὴν φρουρὰν δέος ἦν οὐδέν·
The sentence is highly elliptical and balances infinitival possibilities against the matrix clause ἦν οὐδέν; the genitive absolute ὑπερβάντων τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων is clear, but the participial phrase βιασθεῖσιν αὐτοῖς is syntactically compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἁλῶναι | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V--ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 20 ἦν | csubj | high | Infinitive in coordinated clause; subject is ellipted/understood. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἁλῶναι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 κράτος | case | high | |
| 5 | κράτος | κράτος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἁλῶναι | obl | high | Fixed adverbial accusative with κατά. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 7 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἁλῶναι | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὑπερβάντων | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | V--AAPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with token 11. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἀκαρνάνων | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὑπερβάντων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | cc | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἀπολιπεῖν | ἀπολείπω | VERB | V--ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 δέος | csubj | high | Coordinated infinitive parallel to ἁλῶναι. |
| 15 | βιασθεῖσιν | βιάζω | VERB | V--APPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | advcl | medium | Likely participle agreeing with αὐτοῖς; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 βιασθεῖσιν | obl | high | Dative associated with participle. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 φρουρὰν | det | high | |
| 18 | φρουρὰν | φρουρά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | obj | high | |
| 19 | δέος | δέος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 δέος | nummod | medium | Predicate-like quantifier; UD analysis approximated as determiner. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐπιτήδειά σφισι πάντα ὁμοίως ὀγδόῳ μηνὶ ἐξανήλωτο.
The main difficulty is the phrase τὰ ἐπιτήδειά πάντα, which is best taken as a substantive adjective phrase meaning ‘all the necessities/provisions’; ὁμοίως and the dative χρόνου/μήνις attach to the verbal idea.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἐπιτήδειά | det | high | Article modifying ἐπιτήδειά. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπιτήδειά | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | obj | medium | Likely substantive adjective ‘necessaries/provisions’; syntactic role somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference. |
| 5 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐπιτήδειά | amod | medium | Could also be adverbial in sense ‘completely’; here taken with ἐπιτήδειά as modifying adjective. |
| 6 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | advmod | high | Modifies the verbal idea ‘in the same way’. |
| 7 | ὀγδόῳ | ὄγδοος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μηνὶ | amod | high | Ordinal adjective modifying μηνί. |
| 8 | μηνὶ | μήν | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | obl | high | Time expression in the dative. |
| 9 | ἐξανήλωτο | ἐξαναλίσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verbal root; form is pluperfect middle/passive in context. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐς μὲν δὴ τοὺς Ἀκαρνᾶνας ἐχρῶντο ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους χλευασίᾳ, μὴ σφᾶς τὰ σιτία προδοῦναί ποτε ἂν μηδὲ ἐς ἔτος δέκατον πολιορκουμένους·
The sentence has a main verb with a complementary infinitive and a participial clause; σφᾶς is syntactically awkward and may function as the understood subject of προδοῦναί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Introduces destination/target phrase. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀκαρνᾶνας | det | high | Article modifying proper noun. |
| 5 | Ἀκαρνᾶνας | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐς | obl | high | Accusative with ἐς. |
| 6 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 τείχους | det | high | Article modifying τείχους. |
| 9 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπὸ | obj | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπὸ. |
| 10 | χλευασίᾳ | χλευασία | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Dative of manner/instrument. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | _ | 16 προδοῦναί | advmod | medium | Negation with infinitival clause. |
| 13 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 προδοῦναί | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of infinitive; context suggests subject of προδοῦναί. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 σιτία | det | high | Article modifying σιτία. |
| 15 | σιτία | σιτίον | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 προδοῦναί | obj | high | Object of infinitive. |
| 16 | προδοῦναί | προδίδωμι | VERB | V- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἐχρῶντο | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement after ἐχρῶντο. |
| 17 | ποτε | ποτέ | ADV | D- | _ | 16 προδοῦναί | advmod | high | Temporal/indefinite adverb. |
| 18 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 16 προδοῦναί | advmod | high | Modal particle with infinitive. |
| 19 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 ἐς | cc | high | Connects the second coordinated infinitival phrase. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 23 πολιορκουμένους | obl | high | Preposition with temporal extent. |
| 21 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐς | obj | high | Accusative with ἐς. |
| 22 | δέκατον | δέκατος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἔτος | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτος. |
| 23 | πολιορκουμένους | πολιορκέω | VERB | V- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐχρῶντο | advcl | medium | Participial clause; likely agrees with σφᾶς. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |