Grammar parses for passage 4.25.9
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἁλῶναι μὲν κατὰ κράτος τὸ τεῖχος ἢ ὑπερβάντων τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων ἢ καὶ ἀπολιπεῖν βιασθεῖσιν αὐτοῖς τὴν φρουρὰν δέος ἦν οὐδέν·
The infinitival subject is coordinated: τὸ τεῖχος ἁλῶναι ... ἢ ἀπολιπεῖν ...; δέος is the subject of ἦν, with οὐδέν as predicative/quantificational adjective. The participles ὑπερβάντων and βιασθεῖσιν are genitive absolute constructions, though the second has αὐτοῖς as its dative agent/experiencer-like complement; the coordination and attachment are somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἁλῶναι | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V--ANP- | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 20 ἦν | csubj | high | Aorist passive-form infinitive, ‘to be captured’. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 2 ἁλῶναι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 κράτος | case | high | |
| 5 | κράτος | κράτος | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἁλῶναι | obl | high | Prepositional phrase κατὰ κράτος, ‘by force’. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 7 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἁλῶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ὑπερβάντων | cc | high | Coordinates the alternative genitive-absolute circumstance. |
| 9 | ὑπερβάντων | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | V--GAP- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἁλῶναι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; its understood subject is τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἀκαρνάνων | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὑπερβάντων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival alternative. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | cc | high | Correlative/emphatic coordination with ἢ. |
| 14 | ἀπολιπεῖν | ἀπολείπω | VERB | V--AAN- | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 2 ἁλῶναι | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with ἁλῶναι. |
| 15 | βιασθεῖσιν | βιάζω | VERB | V--GPP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | advcl | medium | Dative plural aorist passive participle; syntactically compressed, likely circumstance/agentive condition for the infinitive. |
| 16 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 βιασθεῖσιν | obl | medium | Dative associated with βιασθεῖσιν; may be construed as the persons forced to abandon the garrison. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 φρουρὰν | det | high | |
| 18 | φρουρὰν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπολιπεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἀπολιπεῖν. |
| 19 | δέος | δέος | NOUN | N-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of the copular/possessive clause. |
| 20 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 20 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/quantificational complement: ‘there was no fear at all’; could alternatively be treated as an adjectival modifier of δέος. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐπιτήδειά σφισι πάντα ὁμοίως ὀγδόῳ μηνὶ ἐξανήλωτο.
The neuter plural substantivized adjective ἐπιτήδεια is the passive subject of ἐξανήλωτο; σφισι is a dative of reference/affected participant, and ὀγδόῳ μηνί is a temporal dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐπιτήδειά | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπιτήδειά | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A--NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized neuter plural subject. |
| 4 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P3---DS-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | iobj | high | Reflexive/third-person plural dative pronoun. |
| 5 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A--NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐπιτήδειά | amod | high | Agrees with substantivized ἐπιτήδεια. |
| 6 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ὀγδόῳ | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 μηνὶ | amod | high | Ordinal modifying μηνί. |
| 8 | μηνὶ | μήν | NOUN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | obl | high | Dative temporal expression. |
| 9 | ἐξανήλωτο | ἐξανίστημι | VERB | V--MPI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form means 'had been consumed/exhausted'; lemma and exact voice analysis are somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐξανήλωτο | punct | high |
ἐς μὲν δὴ τοὺς Ἀκαρνᾶνας ἐχρῶντο ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους χλευασίᾳ, μὴ σφᾶς τὰ σιτία προδοῦναί ποτε ἂν μηδὲ ἐς ἔτος δέκατον πολιορκουμένους·
The opening clause has χράομαι with a dative of manner (χλευασίᾳ) and a prepositional source phrase; the following accusative-infinitive construction reports the defenders' taunt. πολιορκουμένους is an accusative participle agreeing with σφᾶς, with μηδέ introducing the duration-based alternative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Adp | Case=Acc | 5 Ἀκαρνᾶνας | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Part | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἀκαρνᾶνας | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀκαρνᾶνας | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N--A|m-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Person/group name used as object of ridicule directed at. |
| 6 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | V- Impf Depon Ind 3 Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Med | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent imperfect. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Adp | Case=Gen | 9 τείχους | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 τείχους | det | high | |
| 9 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N--G|n-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Source/location phrase: from the wall. |
| 10 | χλευασίᾳ | χλευασία | NOUN | N--D|f-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Dative of manner/means. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | |
| 12 | μὴ | μή | PART | Part | Polarity=Neg | 16 προδοῦναί | advmod | high | Negates the infinitival clause. |
| 13 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P--A|3p | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 16 προδοῦναί | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitives. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 σιτία | det | high | |
| 15 | σιτία | σιτίον | NOUN | N--A|n-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 προδοῦναί | obj | high | |
| 16 | προδοῦναί | προδίδωμι | VERB | V- Aor Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐχρῶντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive in reported/mock claim; governed by χράομαι in idiomatic construction. |
| 17 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | Adv | _ | 16 προδοῦναί | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | Part | _ | 16 προδοῦναί | aux | medium | Modal particle with the infinitival construction. |
| 19 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | Conj | Polarity=Neg | 23 πολιορκουμένους | cc | high | Coordinates the second negative alternative. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Adp | Case=Acc | 21 ἔτος | case | high | |
| 21 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N--A|n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πολιορκουμένους | obl | high | Accusative of duration. |
| 22 | δέκατον | δέκατος | ADJ | A--A|n-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἔτος | amod | high | |
| 23 | πολιορκουμένους | πολιορκέω | VERB | V- Pres Pas Ptcp A-m-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 16 προδοῦναί | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with σφᾶς; elliptical temporal/concessive sense, coordinated under μηδέ. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high |