Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.25.8

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Passage 4.25.8

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3sentences parsed

66Greek tokens

2,404input tokens

5,122output tokens

Sentence 1

4.25.8 sentence 1

Tokens: 18
Input: 759
Output: 1,389
Total: 2,148

οἱ δὲ ὁπότε ἀνακοπεῖεν, κατʼ ἄλλο αὖθις πειρώμενοι διακόψαι τὴν Ἀκαρνάνων φάλαγγα τὸ αὐτὸ ἂν ἔπασχον·

Conditional temporal clause ὁπότε ἀνακοπεῖεν has a potential optative; the apodosis is ἂν ἔπασχον, with κατʼ ἄλλο understood as 'on another occasion/another way.'

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	PRON	T- P---NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 ἔπασχον	nsubj	high	Article used substantivally, 'they.'
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	17 ἔπασχον	cc	high
3	ὁπότε	ὁπότε	SCONJ	D--------	_	4 ἀνακοπεῖεν	mark	high	Temporal subordinator.
4	ἀνακοπεῖεν	ἀνακόπτω	VERB	V3PAO---	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	17 ἔπασχον	advcl	medium	Third-person plural aorist passive optative; temporal clause, with potentially iterative or oblique force.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἀνακοπεῖεν	punct	high
6	κατʼ	κατά	ADP	R--------	Case=Acc	7 ἄλλο	case	high	Elided before ἄλλο.
7	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	9 πειρώμενοι	obl	medium	Neuter accusative substantival expression with κατά; exact adverbial nuance is context-dependent.
8	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	D--------	_	9 πειρώμενοι	advmod	high
9	πειρώμενοι	πειράω	VERB	V2PPMN--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	17 ἔπασχον	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle sharing the subject οἱ.
10	διακόψαι	διακόπτω	VERB	V--ANA---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	9 πειρώμενοι	xcomp	high	Infinitive complementary to πειρώμενοι.
11	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 φάλαγγα	det	high
12	Ἀκαρνάνων	Ἀκαρνάν	PROPN	N-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 φάλαγγα	nmod	high	Ethnic name in the genitive, modifying φάλαγγα.
13	φάλαγγα	φάλαγξ	NOUN	N-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 διακόψαι	obj	high
14	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 αὐτὸ	det	high	Article substantivizing αὐτό.
15	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	17 ἔπασχον	obj	high	Substantival τὸ αὐτό, 'the same thing.'
16	ἂν	ἄν	PART	X--------	Polarity=Pos	17 ἔπασχον	aux	high	Modal particle governing the potential apodosis.
17	ἔπασχον	πάσχω	VERB	V1IAIA--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Imperfect indicative with ἄν, potential/iterative apodosis.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἔπασχον	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.25.8 sentence 2

Tokens: 23
Input: 802
Output: 1,803
Total: 2,605

ὅτῳ μὲν προσβάλλοιεν, διέσειόν τε καὶ τροπὴν ἐπὶ βραχὺ ἐποίουν, ἐπιρρεόντων δὲ αὖθις κατὰ τοῦτο σπουδῇ τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων ἀπετρέποντο ἄκοντες.

Conditional/iterative relative construction: ὅτῳ ... προσβάλλοιεν is dative of the person attacked; the implied subject of προσβάλλοιεν is the Acarnanians, while ἐποίουν has the opposing army as subject. ἐπιρρεόντων ... τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων is a genitive absolute, and ἀπετρέποντο is middle/passive in the sense ‘they were driven back/retreated unwillingly’; exact antecedent of the finite verbs is context-dependent.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὅτῳ	ὅστις	PRON	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	3 προσβάλλοιεν	obl	high	Dative relative pronoun, ‘whomever/anyone whom’; person attacked.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	3 προσβάλλοιεν	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	προσβάλλοιεν	προσβάλλω	VERB	V3PPAO-I	Mood=Sub\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ἐποίουν	advcl	medium	Iterative/potential imperfective optative in a relative temporal condition; subject is contextually supplied.
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 προσβάλλοιεν	punct	high
5	διέσειόν	διασείω	VERB	V3PIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	11 ἐποίουν	conj	medium	Imperfect coordinated with ἐποίουν; subject contextually supplied.
6	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	5 διέσειόν	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating particle.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 τροπὴν	cc	high	Coordinates τροπήν with the preceding verbal action.
8	τροπὴν	τροπή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἐποίουν	obj	high	Object of ἐποίουν, ‘a rout/turning’.
9	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	10 βραχὺ	case	high	With accusative, expressing brief duration/extent.
10	βραχὺ	βραχύς	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 τροπὴν	nmod	high	Neuter substantivized adjective, ‘a short while’; governs the prepositional phrase semantically.
11	ἐποίουν	ποιέω	VERB	V3IIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Main finite verb; subject is omitted and must be recovered from context.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐποίουν	punct	high
13	ἐπιρρεόντων	ἐπιρρέω	VERB	V-PAP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	21 ἀπετρέποντο	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle, with τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων as its subject.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G--------	_	21 ἀπετρέποντο	cc	high	Postpositive connective particle.
15	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	D--------	_	13 ἐπιρρεόντων	advmod	high	‘Again/back’.
16	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	17 τοῦτο	case	high	With accusative, ‘against/upon’.
17	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	13 ἐπιρρεόντων	obl	high	Demonstrative object of κατά, ‘this point/place’.
18	σπουδῇ	σπουδή	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἀπετρέποντο	obl	high	Dative of manner, ‘eagerly/with speed’.
19	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 Ἀκαρνάνων	det	high
20	Ἀκαρνάνων	Ἀκαρνάν	PROPN	Ne-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἐπιρρεόντων	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute.
21	ἀπετρέποντο	ἀποτρέπω	VERB	V3PIΕMI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	11 ἐποίουν	parataxis	medium	Imperfect middle, ‘turned back/retreated’; exact voice nuance and subject depend on context.
22	ἄκοντες	ἄκων	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἀπετρέποντο	advmod	high	Predicative circumstantial adjective, ‘unwilling’.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἐποίουν	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.25.8 sentence 3

Tokens: 25
Input: 843
Output: 1,930
Total: 2,773

γενομένου δὲ ἰσορρόπου τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἄχρι ἑσπέρας καὶ Ἀκαρνᾶσιν ὑπὸ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα ἐπελθούσης δυνάμεως ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων, οὕτω τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις περιειστήκει πολιορκία.

Two coordinated genitive-absolute-like clauses precede the result clause; Ἀκαρνᾶσιν is a dative participant with the second clause, while ἐπελθούσης agrees with δυνάμεως.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	γενομένου	γίγνομαι	VERB	V--AMP-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	5 ἀγῶνος	acl	high	Genitive absolute with ἰσορρόπου agreeing predicatively with ἀγῶνος.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 γενομένου	cc	high
3	ἰσορρόπου	ἰσόρροπος	ADJ	A--GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	5 ἀγῶνος	amod	high	Predicative adjective in the genitive absolute.
4	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T--GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	5 ἀγῶνος	det	high
5	ἀγῶνος	ἀγών	NOUN	N--GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	23 περιειστήκει	obl	high	Subject of the first genitive absolute.
6	ἄχρι	ἄχρι	ADP	PREP	_	7 ἑσπέρας	case	high
7	ἑσπέρας	ἑσπέρα	NOUN	N--GFS	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	1 γενομένου	obl	high	Temporal complement of γενομένου.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἐπελθούσης	cc	high	Coordinates the second genitive absolute with the first.
9	Ἀκαρνᾶσιν	Ἀκαρνᾶνες	PROPN	N--DPM	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	14 ἐπελθούσης	obl	medium	Dative participant/possessor with ἐπελθούσης; exact genitive-absolute-like construction is compressed.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	12 ἐπιοῦσαν	case	high
11	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T--ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	13 νύκτα	det	high
12	ἐπιοῦσαν	ἔπειμι	VERB	V--PAP-ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	13 νύκτα	amod	medium	Attributive participle, ‘following/ensuing’; morphology can be parsed as present active participle of ἔπειμι.
13	νύκτα	νύξ	NOUN	N--ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	14 ἐπελθούσης	obl	high	Temporal accusative with ἐπελθούσης δυνάμεως.
14	ἐπελθούσης	ἐπέρχομαι	VERB	V--AAP-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	23 περιειστήκει	advcl	high	Second genitive absolute, with δυνάμεως as participial subject.
15	δυνάμεως	δύναμις	NOUN	N--GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	14 ἐπελθούσης	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπελθούσης.
16	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	18 πόλεων	case	high
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T--GFP	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	18 πόλεων	det	high
18	πόλεων	πόλις	NOUN	N--GFP	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	15 δυνάμεως	nmod	high	Source of the arriving force.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	23 περιειστήκει	punct	high
20	οὕτω	οὕτω	ADV	ADV	_	23 περιειστήκει	advmod	high	Correlative adverb introducing the result.
21	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T--DPM	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	22 Μεσσηνίοις	det	high
22	Μεσσηνίοις	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	N--DPM	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plural	23 περιειστήκει	obl	high	Dative of affected party/possession.
23	περιειστήκει	περιίστημι	VERB	V--LIAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Pluperfect\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	medium	Pluperfect of περιίστημι, ‘had come to surround/become established around’; form and lexical analysis are somewhat variant-sensitive.
24	πολιορκία	πολιορκία	NOUN	N--NFS	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	23 περιειστήκει	nsubj	high
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	23 περιειστήκει	punct	high

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