Grammar parses for passage 4.25.8
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ὁπότε ἀνακοπεῖεν, κατʼ ἄλλο αὖθις πειρώμενοι διακόψαι τὴν Ἀκαρνάνων φάλαγγα τὸ αὐτὸ ἂν ἔπασχον·
The syntax is centered on the main clause ἔπασχον, with a temporal optative clause (ὁπότε ἀνακοπεῖεν) and a participial-infinitival phrase modifying the subject; κατʼ ἄλλο αὖθις is idiomatic and somewhat uncertain in internal attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἀνακοπεῖεν | nsubj | high | Articular subject; article used substantively. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 4 ἀνακοπεῖεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 4 ἀνακοπεῖεν | mark | high | Temporal/subordinate conjunction. |
| 4 | ἀνακοπεῖεν | ἀνακόπτω | VERB | v--aoi3p- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἔπασχον | advcl | high | Optative in temporal clause. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔπασχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | d-------- | _ | 10 διακόψαι | case | high | Preposition with following adverbial expression. |
| 7 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 διακόψαι | obl | medium | Likely part of idiom 'κατʼ ἄλλο' = 'again/otherwise'; syntactic role somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | d-------- | _ | 10 διακόψαι | advmod | high | Adverb 'again'. |
| 9 | πειρώμενοι | πείρω | VERB | v--ppmmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ἔπασχον | advcl | medium | Participle agreeing with οἱ, likely circumstantial. |
| 10 | διακόψαι | διακόπτω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 πειρώμενοι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive after πειρώμενοι. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φάλαγγα | det | high | Article modifying noun. |
| 12 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 φάλαγγα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of φάλαγγα. |
| 13 | φάλαγγα | φάλαγξ | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 διακόψαι | obj | high | Direct object of διακόψαι. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 αὐτὸ | det | high | Article in fixed phrase with αὐτὸ. |
| 15 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔπασχον | obj | medium | Likely adverbial accusative phrase 'the same [thing]'. |
| 16 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | g-------- | _ | 17 ἔπασχον | advmod | high | Modal particle with iterative/potential force. |
| 17 | ἔπασχον | πάσχω | VERB | v-iia-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔπασχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὅτῳ μὲν προσβάλλοιεν, διέσειόν τε καὶ τροπὴν ἐπὶ βραχὺ ἐποίουν, ἐπιρρεόντων δὲ αὖθις κατὰ τοῦτο σπουδῇ τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων ἀπετρέποντο ἄκοντες.
The syntax is paratactic with two earlier coordinated imperfects and a final main clause; genitive absolute ἐπιρρεόντων ... τῶν Ἀκαρνάνων modifies the main action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P--DSM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 3 προσβάλλοιεν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun; dative of the thing attacked/encountered. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ὅτῳ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | προσβάλλοιεν | προσβάλλω | VERB | V--PAO3P- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐποίουν | advcl | medium | Dependent clause with optative in generalizing/iterative sense. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | διέσειόν | διασείω | VERB | V-IIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 11 ἐποίουν | conj | high | Main coordinated verb. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 διέσειόν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 διέσειόν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | τροπὴν | τροπή | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίουν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίουν. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 βραχὺ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | βραχὺ | βραχύς | ADJ | A--ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 τροπὴν | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying τροπήν phrase; could also be adverbial use. |
| 11 | ἐποίουν | ποιέω | VERB | V-IAA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | conj | high | Main verb in coordinated clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἐπιρρεόντων | ἐπιρρέω | VERB | V-PAPGMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἐπιρρεόντων | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 15 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D--------- | _ | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | advmod | high | Adverb 'again'. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 17 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P--ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 18 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | N--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | obl | high | Dative of manner/instrument. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Ἀκαρνάνων | det | high | Article. |
| 20 | Ἀκαρνάνων | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | nsubj | high | Genitive subject with genitive absolute. |
| 21 | ἀπετρέποντο | ἀποτρέπω | VERB | V-IIE-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 22 | ἄκοντες | ἄκων | ADJ | A--NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | advcl | medium | Predicative participial adjective: 'unwillingly'. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπετρέποντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
γενομένου δὲ ἰσορρόπου τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἄχρι ἑσπέρας καὶ Ἀκαρνᾶσιν ὑπὸ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα ἐπελθούσης δυνάμεως ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων, οὕτω τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις περιειστήκει πολιορκία.
Two genitive absolute constructions precede the main clause; the dative phrase τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις is best taken with the pluperfect main verb, though the finite verb form and its exact lemma are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένου | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀγῶνος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 γενομένου | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἰσορρόπου | ἰσόρροπος | ADJ | A-NSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀγῶνος | amod | high | Predicative within genitive absolute. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀγῶνος | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνος. |
| 5 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of γενομένου in genitive absolute. |
| 6 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἑσπέρας | case | high | Preposition governing ἑσπέρας. |
| 7 | ἑσπέρας | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένου | obl | medium | Temporal genitive with ἄχρι, attached to the participial clause. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐπελθούσης | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | Ἀκαρνᾶσιν | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-P--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 περιειστήκει | nsubj | low | Likely dative of reference/interest with περιειστήκει; form is ambiguous/possibly ethnic noun. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 13 νύκτα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 νύκτα | det | high | Article modifying νύκτα. |
| 12 | ἐπιοῦσαν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 νύκτα | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying νύκτα. |
| 13 | νύκτα | νύξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπελθούσης | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in temporal phrase. |
| 14 | ἐπελθούσης | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 δυνάμεως | amod | high | Genitive absolute participle with δυνάμεως. |
| 15 | δυνάμεως | δύναμις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένου | advcl | medium | Second genitive absolute phrase; attached to main clause. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 18 πόλεων | case | high | Preposition governing πόλεων. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 πόλεων | det | high | Article modifying πόλεων. |
| 18 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 δυνάμεως | nmod | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 δυνάμεως | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 20 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D | _ | 23 περιειστήκει | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying περιειστήκει. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 22 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 περιειστήκει | obl | high | Dative indirect object/affected party with περιειστήκει. |
| 23 | περιειστήκει | περιστέλλω | VERB | V-IXA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite pluperfect form; exact lexeme/form somewhat uncertain, but functioning as main predicate. |
| 24 | πολιορκία | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 περιειστήκει | nsubj | high | Subject of περιειστήκει. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 περιειστήκει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |