Grammar parses for passage 4.25.7
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Μεσσήνιοι συνεστραμμένοι μετʼ ἀλλήλων, ὁπότε ἀθρόοι τοῖς Ἀκαρνᾶσιν ἐμπέσοιεν, ἐτάρασσον μὲν τοὺς κατὰ ταὐτὸ ἑστηκότας καὶ ἐφόνευόν τε αὐτῶν καὶ ἐτίτρωσκον πολλούς,
The ὁπότε-clause is a temporal optative subordinate to the coordinated imperfect narrative verbs; ἀθρόοι is predicative of the understood Μεσσήνιοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ἐτάρασσον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-Nom-m-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐτάρασσον | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | συνεστραμμένοι | συστρέφω | VERB | Perf-Pass-Part-Nom-m-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 Μεσσήνιοι | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle, predicative/attributive to Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 5 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 ἀλλήλων | case | high | |
| 6 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | Pron-Gen-m-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συνεστραμμένοι | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετά. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνεστραμμένοι | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | Adv | _ | 12 ἐμπέσοιεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 9 | ἀθρόοι | ἀθρόος | ADJ | Adj-Nom-m-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐμπέσοιεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with omitted/copular subject, referring to Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-m-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἀκαρνᾶσιν | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀκαρνᾶσιν | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-Dat-m-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐμπέσοιεν | iobj | high | Dative with ἐμπίπτω. |
| 12 | ἐμπέσοιεν | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | Aor-Act-Opt-3Pl | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτάρασσον | advcl | high | Temporal optative in ὁπότε-clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐμπέσοιεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐτάρασσον | ταράσσω | VERB | Imp-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 14 ἐτάρασσον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; matched by τε/καί coordination. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-m-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἑστηκότας | det | high | |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 ταὐτὸ | case | high | |
| 18 | ταὐτὸ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | Pron-Acc-n-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 κατὰ | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative phrase, ‘in the same place/formation’; orthographic crasis ταὐτό. |
| 19 | ἑστηκότας | ἵστημι | VERB | Perf-Act-Part-Acc-m-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτάρασσον | obj | high | Perfect active participle modifying τοὺς. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 ἐφόνευόν | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἐφόνευόν | φονεύω | VERB | Imp-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτάρασσον | conj | high | First coordinated verb after ἐτάρασσον. |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 ἐφόνευόν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 23 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pron-Gen-m-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐφόνευόν | obj | medium | Partitive/object genitive with ἐφόνευον: ‘killed many of them’. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 ἐτίτρωσκον | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἐτίτρωσκον | τιτρώσκω | VERB | Imp-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 21 ἐφόνευόν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐφόνευον. |
| 26 | πολλούς | πολύς | ADJ | Adj-Acc-m-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐτίτρωσκον | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐτίτρωσκον. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐτάρασσον | punct | high |
τελέαν δὲ οὐκ ἐδύναντο ἐργάσασθαι φυγήν· ὅπου γὰρ τῆς τάξεως αἴσθοιντό τι οἱ Ἀκαρνᾶνες τῆς αὑτῶν ὑπὸ τῶν Μεσσηνίων διασπώμενον, κατὰ τοῦτο ἀμύνοντες τοῖς βιαζομένοις αὑτῶν ἀνεῖργον τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἐπικρατοῦντες τῷ πλήθει.
The second clause is headed by ἀνεῖργον; ὅπου introduces a subordinate clause with optative αἴσθοιντο, and the accusative τι plus participle διασπώμενον describes what they perceived being broken up.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τελέαν | τέλεος | ADJ | ἔκτ. acc sg fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 φυγήν | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 4 ἐδύναντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | part | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἐδύναντο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐδύναντο | δύναμαι | VERB | impf ind mp 3pl | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | aor inf mp | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 4 ἐδύναντο | xcomp | high | |
| 6 | φυγήν | φυγή | NOUN | acc sg fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐργάσασθαι. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐδύναντο | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὅπου | ὅπου | SCONJ | rel adv | _ | 12 αἴσθοιντό | mark | medium | Introduces a temporal/locative subordinate clause. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 12 αἴσθοιντό | cc | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | gen sg fem | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τάξεως | det | high | |
| 11 | τάξεως | τάξις | NOUN | gen sg fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 αἴσθοιντό | obl | medium | Partitive/source genitive with αἰσθάνομαι. |
| 12 | αἴσθοιντό | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | aor opt mp 3pl | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Optative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 29 ἀνεῖργον | advcl | medium | Optative in subordinate clause; potentially oblique/iterative context. |
| 13 | τι | τις | PRON | acc sg neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 διασπώμενον | obj | high | Substantive indefinite pronoun, object of αἴσθοιντο and subject of διασπώμενον construction. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | nom pl masc | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Ἀκαρνᾶνες | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀκαρνᾶνες | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | nom pl masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 αἴσθοιντό | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | gen sg fem | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 αὑτῶν | det | high | |
| 17 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | gen pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 21 διασπώμενον | obl | high | Genitive partitive/possessive with διασπώμενον. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | prep | _ | 20 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | gen pl masc | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 20 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | gen pl masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 διασπώμενον | obl:agent | high | |
| 21 | διασπώμενον | διασπάω | VERB | pres ptcp mp acc sg neut | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 12 αἴσθοιντό | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with τι; passive sense despite middle morphology. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἀνεῖργον | punct | high | |
| 23 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | prep | _ | 24 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 24 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | acc sg neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἀμύνοντες | obl | high | κατὰ τοῦτο, 'at this point/in this respect'. |
| 25 | ἀμύνοντες | ἀμύνω | VERB | pres ptcp act nom pl masc | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 29 ἀνεῖργον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with the Acarnanians. |
| 26 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | dat pl masc | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 βιαζομένοις | det | high | |
| 27 | βιαζομένοις | βιάζομαι | VERB | pres ptcp mp dat pl masc | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 25 ἀμύνοντες | iobj | high | Dative substantive, those being pressed/attacked. |
| 28 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | gen pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 27 βιαζομένοις | obl | medium | Possessive genitive with βιαζομένοις. |
| 29 | ἀνεῖργον | ἀνείργω | VERB | impf ind act 3pl | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause; first clause is coordinated by punctuation/continuation. |
| 30 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | acc pl masc | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 31 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | acc pl masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἀνεῖργον | obj | high | |
| 32 | ἐπικρατοῦντες | ἐπικρατέω | VERB | pres ptcp act nom pl masc | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 29 ἀνεῖργον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, explaining how they held back the Messenians. |
| 33 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | dat sg neut | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 πλήθει | det | high | |
| 34 | πλήθει | πλῆθος | NOUN | dat sg neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ἐπικρατοῦντες | obl | high | Instrumental dative with ἐπικρατοῦντες. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἀνεῖργον | punct | high |