Grammar parses for passage 4.25.6
Open translation for this passage
καθίσταντό τε δὴ τοῖς Ἀκαρνᾶσιν ἐς ἀγῶνα καὶ ὁ τρόπος λέγεται τῆς μάχης γενέσθαι τοιόσδε.
The second clause is elliptical/compressed: τρόπος is subject of λέγεται, with γενέσθαι τοιόσδε functioning as a reported-content complement; τῆς μάχης is treated as genitive dependent of the infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθίσταντό | καθίστημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | T | _ | 1 καθίσταντό | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D | _ | 1 καθίσταντό | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀκαρνᾶσιν | det | high | Article with Ἀκαρνᾶσιν. |
| 5 | Ἀκαρνᾶσιν | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 καθίσταντό | obl | high | Dative complement of καθίσταντό. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἀγῶνα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καθίσταντό | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 λέγεται | cc | high | Links to the second clause. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 τρόπος | det | high | Article with τρόπος. |
| 10 | τρόπος | τρόπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λέγεται | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγεται. |
| 11 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main predicate. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 μάχης | det | high | Article with μάχης. |
| 13 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of infinitive; relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AONM | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 11 λέγεται | xcomp | high | Complement of λέγεται. |
| 15 | τοιόσδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | PD-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | xcomp | low | Likely predicate adjective with γενέσθαι, but syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οἳ μέν, ἅτε πλήθει προέχοντες πολύ, οὐ χαλεπῶς περιέβαλον τοὺς Μεσσηνίους, πλὴν ὅσον αἱ πύλαι τε ἀπεῖργον κατὰ νώτου τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις γινόμεναι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους τοῖς σφετέροις προθύμως ἀμύνοντες·
The final coordinated participial phrase is elliptical and depends on the exception clause introduced by πλὴν ὅσον; attachment is somewhat compressed but the main syntax is clear.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | p-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 περιέβαλον | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of περιέβαλον. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | g--------- | _ | 1 οἳ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | c--------- | _ | 6 προέχοντες | mark | high | Causal/comparative particle introducing participial phrase. |
| 5 | πλήθει | πλῆθος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προέχοντες | obl | high | Dative of respect/cause with προέχοντες. |
| 6 | προέχοντες | προέχω | VERB | v-papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 περιέβαλον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause subject. |
| 7 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προέχοντες | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative, modifying προέχοντες. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d--------- | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | advmod | high | Negation of the main verb. |
| 10 | χαλεπῶς | χαλεπῶς | ADV | d--------- | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying περιέβαλον. |
| 11 | περιέβαλον | περιβάλλω | VERB | v-aia-3p-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | t-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίους. |
| 13 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 περιέβαλον | obj | high | Direct object of περιέβαλον. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | d--------- | _ | 20 ἀπεῖργον | advmod | medium | Introduces exception/limitation. |
| 16 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADV | d--------- | _ | 20 ἀπεῖργον | advmod | medium | Correlative adverbial element; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 17 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | t-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 πύλαι | det | high | Article with πύλαι. |
| 18 | πύλαι | πύλη | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἀπεῖργον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπεῖργον. |
| 19 | τε | τε | PART | g--------- | _ | 18 πύλαι | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 20 | ἀπεῖργον | ἀπείργω | VERB | v-iia-3p-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 περιέβαλον | advcl | high | Finite clause in the πλὴν ὅσον exception. |
| 21 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | r--------- | _ | 22 νώτου | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 22 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπεῖργον | obl | high | Adverbial phrase with κατά. |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | t-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 24 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 γινόμεναι | obl | high | Dative complement of γινόμεναι. |
| 25 | γινόμεναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | v-pmppfn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 πύλαι | acl | high | Participial modifier of πύλαι. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 27 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 27 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | t-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 34 ἀμύνοντες | det | high | Article with participle used substantively. |
| 28 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | r--------- | _ | 30 τείχους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | t-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 τείχους | det | high | Article with τείχους. |
| 30 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 οἱ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 31 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | t-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 σφετέροις | det | high | Article with σφετέροις. |
| 32 | σφετέροις | σφέτερος | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἀμύνοντες | obl | high | Dative object/benefactive with ἀμύνοντες. |
| 33 | προθύμως | προθύμως | ADV | d--------- | _ | 34 ἀμύνοντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀμύνοντες. |
| 34 | ἀμύνοντες | ἀμύνω | VERB | v-pmppmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 οἱ | acl | high | Substantival participle coordinated with the previous clause's exception phrase. |
| 35 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ταύτῃ μὲν δὴ μὴ περισχεθῆναι σφᾶς ἐκώλυε,
μὴ περισχεθῆναι is an infinitival complement governed by ἐκώλυε; σφᾶς is the accusative subject/object within the infinitival clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | Pd---d--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκώλυε | obl | high | Deictic adverbial use of dative form. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐκώλυε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐκώλυε | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | μὴ | μή | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 περισχεθῆναι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitive. |
| 5 | περισχεθῆναι | περισχέω | VERB | V--ANP---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐκώλυε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐκώλυε. |
| 6 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 περισχεθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 7 | ἐκώλυε | κωλύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκώλυε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ πλευρὰ ἀμφότερα ἐκυκλώσαντο αὐτῶν οἱ Ἀκαρνᾶνες καὶ ἐσηκόντιζον πανταχόθεν.
The genitive αὐτῶν is somewhat syntactically open; it is attached as a genitive dependent of the first verbal complex, likely indicating reference/possession rather than a core argument.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 πλευρὰ | det | high | Article modifying πλευρὰ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | πλευρὰ | πλευρόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐκυκλώσαντο. |
| 4 | ἀμφότερα | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 πλευρὰ | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with πλευρὰ. |
| 5 | ἐκυκλώσαντο | κυκλόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 6 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | obl | medium | Genitive likely dependent on the verb or on the object phrase; interpreted as genitive of reference/possession. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀκαρνᾶνες | det | high | Article with ethnic noun. |
| 8 | Ἀκαρνᾶνες | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of both coordinated verbs. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἐσηκόντιζον | cc | high | Coordinates the second verb with the first. |
| 10 | ἐσηκόντιζον | σηκοντίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 11 | πανταχόθεν | πανταχόθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἐσηκόντιζον | advmod | high | Modifies ἐσηκόντιζον. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |