Grammar parses for passage 4.25.6
Open translation for this passage
οἳ μέν, ἅτε πλήθει προέχοντες πολύ, οὐ χαλεπῶς περιέβαλον τοὺς Μεσσηνίους, πλὴν ὅσον αἱ πύλαι τε ἀπεῖργον κατὰ νώτου τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις γινόμεναι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους τοῖς σφετέροις προθύμως ἀμύνοντες·
Relative-clause subject οἳ is resumed by the coordinated participles προέχοντες and ἀμύνοντες; πλὴν ὅσον introduces an exceptive extent clause, with ἀπεῖργον coordinated to γινόμεναι as the finite verb governing the limiting circumstance. The attachment of κατὰ νώτου is semantically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 περιέβαλον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is not expressed here. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 1 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 4 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 6 προέχοντες | mark | high | Introduces the causal participial construction. |
| 5 | πλήθει | πλῆθος | NOUN | Nb-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προέχοντες | obl | high | Dative of respect/degree. |
| 6 | προέχοντες | προέχω | VERB | V--PAP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 περιέβαλον | advcl | high | Causal participle with ἅτε. |
| 7 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | A-----NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προέχοντες | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, modifying προέχοντες. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 6 προέχοντες | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 χαλεπῶς | advmod | high | |
| 10 | χαλεπῶς | χαλεπῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | advmod | high | |
| 11 | περιέβαλον | περιβάλλω | VERB | V--IAA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--PAMA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 13 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nb-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 περιέβαλον | obj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | punct | high | |
| 15 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ὅσον | case | high | Exceptive preposition governing ὅσον. |
| 16 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P---NA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 20 ἀπεῖργον | obl | medium | Relatival extent phrase: ‘except insofar as’. |
| 17 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T--PNF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 πύλαι | det | high | |
| 18 | πύλαι | πύλη | NOUN | N--PNF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἀπεῖργον | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἀπεῖργον | cc | high | Coordinates the two limiting circumstances. |
| 20 | ἀπεῖργον | ἀπείργω | VERB | V-IAIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ὅσον | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb in the ὅσον clause; ὅσον is treated as an extent complement. |
| 21 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 νώτου | case | high | |
| 22 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | N--SG--G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπεῖργον | obl | medium | Genitive after κατά; exact semantic attachment is uncertain. |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--PMD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 24 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nb-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 γινόμεναι | obl | high | Dative with γινόμεναι, indicating the persons affected. |
| 25 | γινόμεναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NFP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἀπεῖργον | advcl | medium | Participial circumstance coordinated with the finite ἀπεῖργον; agrees with πύλαι. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἀπεῖργον | cc | high | |
| 27 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--PNM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 34 ἀμύνοντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 28 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 τείχους | case | high | |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 τείχους | det | high | |
| 30 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N--SG--G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἀμύνοντες | obl | high | |
| 31 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--PMD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 σφετέροις | det | high | |
| 32 | σφετέροις | σφέτερος | ADJ | A---PMD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs | 34 ἀμύνοντες | obl | high | Possessive dative, ‘for their own [people/things]’. |
| 33 | προθύμως | προθύμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 34 ἀμύνοντες | advmod | high | |
| 34 | ἀμύνοντες | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἀπεῖργον | conj | medium | Substantival participle coordinated with the limiting circumstance introduced by ἀπεῖργον. |
| 35 | · | · | PUNCT | U | _ | 11 περιέβαλον | punct | high |
ταύτῃ μὲν δὴ μὴ περισχεθῆναι σφᾶς ἐκώλυε,
The infinitive περισχεθῆναι is the complementary infinitive with ἐκώλυε; σφᾶς is its accusative subject. ταύτῃ is probably an adverbial dative ('in this way'), while μὲν δή are discourse particles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | D-Df | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκώλυε | advmod | medium | Adverbial dative, likely 'in this way'; could be analyzed as a demonstrative pronoun. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 7 ἐκώλυε | discourse | high | Contrastive/discourse particle; paired or anticipatory μὲν. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 7 ἐκώλυε | discourse | high | Emphatic discourse particle. |
| 4 | μὴ | μή | PART | Tn | Polarity=Neg | 5 περισχεθῆναι | advmod | high | Negative particle governing the infinitive. |
| 5 | περισχεθῆναι | περιέχω | VERB | V- -ANP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 ἐκώλυε | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive, complementary to ἐκώλυε; exact lexical sense depends on context. |
| 6 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P- -A | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 5 περισχεθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | ἐκώλυε | κωλύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκώλυε | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ πλευρὰ ἀμφότερα ἐκυκλώσαντο αὐτῶν οἱ Ἀκαρνᾶνες καὶ ἐσηκόντιζον πανταχόθεν.
The accusative τὰ ... πλευρὰ ἀμφότερα is the coordinated object of ἐκυκλώσαντο; αὐτῶν is a genitive dependent on πλευρά, and οἱ Ἀκαρνᾶνες is the subject of both coordinated finite verbs. The second verb is imperfect, describing continued missile-throwing from all sides.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 πλευρὰ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πλευρὰ | πλευρόν | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἀμφότερα | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 πλευρὰ | amod | high | Predicative/qualifying adjective agreeing with πλευρά. |
| 5 | ἐκυκλώσαντο | κυκλόω | VERB | V-ADPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GP3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 πλευρὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλευρά, likely ‘their flanks’. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀκαρνᾶνες | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀκαρνᾶνες | Ἀκαρνάν | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἐσηκόντιζον | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐσηκόντιζον | ἐσ-κοντίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐκυκλώσαντο; subject is shared. |
| 11 | πανταχόθεν | πανταχόθεν | ADV | D- | _ | 10 ἐσηκόντιζον | advmod | high | Ablative-directional adverb, ‘from all sides’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκυκλώσαντο | punct | high |