Grammar parses for passage 4.25.5
Open translation for this passage
παρίστατο δέ σφισι πρὸ τῆς μελλούσης πολιορκίας ἀγῶνα ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ποιήσασθαι, μηδὲ ὄντας Μεσσηνίους, οἳ μηδὲ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀνδρίᾳ, τύχῃ δὲ ἠλαττώθησαν, καταπεπλῆχθαι τὸν ἥκοντα ὄχλον ἐξ Ἀκαρνανίας·
The sentence contains an impersonal παρίστατο governing coordinated infinitives; the participial/relative material supplies the comparison and causal qualification, with an embedded accusative subject for καταπεπλῆχθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-3IIMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/semantically modal use: it was possible/appropriate. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρίστατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3 | 1 παρίστατο | iobj | high | Enclitic third-person plural pronoun. |
| 4 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 πολιορκίας | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 6 μελλούσης | det | high | |
| 6 | μελλούσης | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 7 πολιορκίας | amod | high | Attributive participle: impending. |
| 7 | πολιορκίας | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ἀγῶνα | nmod | high | Object of πρὸ. |
| 8 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 ποιήσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ποιήσασθαι. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 φανεροῦ | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 11 φανεροῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ποιήσασθαι | obl | high | Substantivized: openly/in public. |
| 12 | ποιήσασθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AOMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 1 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ποιήσασθαι | punct | high | |
| 14 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ὄντας | cc | high | Links the accusative participial construction. |
| 15 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-AM P | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 12 ποιήσασθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, likely sharing the understood subject of the infinitive; form of εἰμί. |
| 16 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-AMP | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 15 ὄντας | predicative | high | Predicative complement of ὄντας, substantivized ethnonym. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ὄντας | punct | high | |
| 18 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-R要MP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 25 ἠλαττώθησαν | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun; nominative despite the surrounding accusative construction, reflecting an inserted relative clause. |
| 19 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | PART | ADV | _ | 21 ἀνδρίᾳ | advmod | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 21 ἀνδρίᾳ | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnonym: of the Lacedaemonians. |
| 21 | ἀνδρίᾳ | ἀνδρεία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 25 ἠλαττώθησαν | obl | high | Dative of means/standard: not inferior in courage. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀνδρίᾳ | punct | high | |
| 23 | τύχῃ | τύχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 25 ἠλαττώθησαν | obl | high | Dative of cause or respect: in fortune. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἠλαττώθησαν | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἠλαττώθησαν | ἐλασσόω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 18 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; ἠλαττώθησαν means were worsted/disadvantaged. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἠλαττώθησαν | punct | high | |
| 27 | καταπεπλῆχθαι | καταπλήσσω | VERB | V-RPMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 1 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement, coordinated semantically with ποιήσασθαι. |
| 28 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 30 ὄχλον | det | high | |
| 29 | ἥκοντα | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 30 ὄχλον | amod | high | Attributive participle: the arriving/recently arrived. |
| 30 | ὄχλον | ὄχλος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 καταπεπλῆχθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive καταπεπλῆχθαι. |
| 31 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 Ἀκαρνανίας | case | high | |
| 32 | Ἀκαρνανίας | Ἀκαρνανία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 30 ὄχλον | nmod | high | Place of origin. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρίστατο | punct | high |
τό τε Ἀθηναίων ἐν Μαραθῶνι ἔργον ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο, ὡς μυριάδες τριάκοντα ἐφθάρησαν τῶν Μήδων ὑπὸ ἀνδρῶν οὐδὲ ἐς μυρίους ἀριθμόν.
The finite verb ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο governs τό ... ἔργον as its object; ὡς introduces the explanatory clause. In that clause, τριάκοντα modifies μυριάδες, while τῶν Μήδων is a partitive genitive with μυριάδες; ὑπό + genitive marks the agent with the passive ἐφθάρησαν. The final οὐδὲ ἐς μυρίους ἀριθμόν is elliptic, expressing that the Athenian men did not even reach ten thousand in number; attachment of ἀριθμόν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τό | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | cc | high | Correlative τε, coordinating with the broader context. |
| 3 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔργον | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival modifier of ἔργον. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 5 Μαραθῶνι | case | high | |
| 5 | Μαραθῶνι | Μαραθών | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 6 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | ἀναμιμνήσκω | VERB | V-PII-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent/middle form, ‘they recalled’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἐφθάρησαν | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory content clause. |
| 10 | μυριάδες | μυριάς | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐφθάρησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 10 μυριάδες | nummod | medium | indeclinable numeral agreeing syntactically with μυριάδες. |
| 12 | ἐφθάρησαν | φθείρω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | ccomp | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Μήδων | det | high | |
| 14 | Μήδων | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μυριάδες | nmod | high | Partitive genitive: ‘thirty myriads of Medes’. |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 16 ἀνδρῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐφθάρησαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 17 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀριθμόν | cc | medium | Coordinates the elliptic final phrase; exact scope is syntactically compressed. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 19 μυρίους | case | high | |
| 19 | μυρίους | μύριος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀριθμόν | amod | high | Substantivized/elliptic with an understood masculine noun, likely ἄνδρας. |
| 20 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐφθάρησαν | obl | medium | Elliptic quantitative phrase with ἐς; may be construed as an extent complement of the clause. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο | punct | high |