Grammar parses for passage 4.26.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ πταῖσμα ἐγένετο τὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς, οὕτω καὶ ἐκ Ναυπάκτου τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἐκβάλλουσιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ναυσὶν ἐπικρατοῦντες, οἳ ἐς Σικελίαν τε παρὰ τοὺς συγγενεῖς καὶ ἐς Ῥήγιον ἐστάλησαν, τὸ πλεῖστον δὲ αὐτῶν ἔς τε Λιβύην ἀφίκετο καὶ Λιβύης ἐς Εὐεσπερίτας·
Main clause has οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι as subject of ἐκβάλλουσιν; ἐπεὶ introduces a temporal/circumstantial clause, while οἳ is a relative subject of ἐστάλησαν. The final clause has τὸ πλεῖστον as a substantivized superlative quantifier and αὐτῶν as its partitive genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | mark | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πταῖσμα | det | high | |
| 4 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Temporal clause governed by ἐπεί. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 4 πταῖσμα | nmod | high | Substantive/elliptical genitive modifying πταῖσμα. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 10 ποταμοῖς | case | high | |
| 9 | Αἰγὸς | Αἶγος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ποταμοῖς | nmod | medium | Place-name in the conventional phrase Αἰγὸς ποταμοί. |
| 10 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 4 πταῖσμα | obl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | cc | high | Correlative with οὕτω. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 15 Ναυπάκτου | case | high | |
| 15 | Ναυπάκτου | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | obl | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 17 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 17 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 18 | ἐκβάλλουσιν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 20 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 21 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 22 ἐπικρατοῦντες | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 22 | ἐπικρατοῦντες | ἐπικρατέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plural|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, with ναυσίν as instrumental. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 24 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 34 ἐστάλησαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the expelled Messenians. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 26 Σικελίαν | case | high | |
| 26 | Σικελίαν | Σικελία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἐστάλησαν | obl | high | |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 Σικελίαν | cc | high | First member of paired coordination. |
| 28 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 30 συγγενεῖς | case | high | |
| 29 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 30 συγγενεῖς | det | high | |
| 30 | συγγενεῖς | συγγενής | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 34 ἐστάλησαν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective; παρά with accusative means ‘to/among’. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἐστάλησαν | cc | high | |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 33 Ῥήγιον | case | high | |
| 33 | Ῥήγιον | Ῥήγιον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἐστάλησαν | obl | high | |
| 34 | ἐστάλησαν | στέλλω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause; οἳ is its subject. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐστάλησαν | punct | high | |
| 36 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 πλεῖστον | det | high | |
| 37 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 ἀφίκετο | obj | high | Substantivized superlative: ‘the greatest part’; accusative object of ἀφίκετο. |
| 38 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | |
| 39 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural|PronType=Prs | 37 πλεῖστον | nmod | high | Partitive genitive. |
| 40 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 42 Λιβύην | case | high | |
| 41 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 Λιβύην | cc | high | First member of paired coordination with καί. |
| 42 | Λιβύην | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 43 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2ADI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐκβάλλουσιν; singular agrees with τὸ πλεῖστον. |
| 44 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Second member of paired coordination with τε. |
| 45 | Λιβύης | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 Εὐεσπερίτας | nmod | medium | Genitive in the expression ‘to the Euesperitae of Libya’; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 46 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 47 Εὐεσπερίτας | case | high | |
| 47 | Εὐεσπερίτας | Εὐεσπερῖται | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 43 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Destination; ethnic place-name. |
| 48 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐκβάλλουσιν | punct | high |
ἐς τούτους τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὸ πολὺ ἀπεχώρησεν·
The prepositional phrase ἐς τούτους is locative/directional; τὸ πολὺ is a substantivized neuter adjective, meaning 'the greater part', and is the subject of ἀπεχώρησεν. τῶν Μεσσηνίων is a partitive genitive dependent on πολὺ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 τούτους | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | PD----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | Directional/locative accusative with ἐς. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P-G-MPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-----GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 6 πολὺ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with substantivized πολὺ. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-S-NAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 πολὺ | det | high | Article substantivizing the adjective πολὺ. |
| 6 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the greater part'; nominative subject. |
| 7 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high |
ἡγεμὼν δέ σφισιν ἦν Κόμων, ὃς καὶ περὶ τὴν Σφακτηρίαν ἐστρατήγησεν αὐτοῖς.
Existential/copular clause: Κόμων is the nominative predicate/subject with ἦν, while ἡγεμών is the nominative predicate noun; σφισιν is a dative of possession/interest. The relative clause is headed by ὃς, with αὐτοῖς referring to the Spartans and περὶ + accusative marking the campaign concerning Sphacteria.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-------- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/interest; form can be dative plural third-person pronoun. |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3IAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Κόμων | Κόμων | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | attr | high | Proper name; nominative singular masculine. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 ἐστρατήγησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἐστρατήγησεν | advmod | high | Adverbial 'also'. |
| 9 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Σφακτηρίαν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative here. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Σφακτηρίαν | det | high | |
| 11 | Σφακτηρίαν | Σφακτηρία | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστρατήγησεν | obl | high | Object of περὶ; proper place name. |
| 12 | ἐστρατήγησεν | στρατηγέω | VERB | V3IAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 Κόμων | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; punctuation and relative clause attach to the antecedent Κόμων. |
| 13 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐστρατήγησεν | obl | high | Dative of reference/benefit, referring to the Spartans. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high |