Grammar parses for passage 4.26.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐνιαυτῷ δὲ πρότερον ἢ κατορθῶσαι Θηβαίους τὰ ἐν Λεύκτροις, προεσήμαινεν ὁ δαίμων Μεσσηνίοις τὴν ἐς Πελοπόννησον κάθοδον.
Temporal πρότερον ἢ + infinitive clause is an adjunct to προεσήμαινεν; κατορθῶσαι takes Θηβαίους as its accusative subject and τὰ ἐν Λεύκτροις as object, while κάθοδον is the object of προεσήμαινεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνιαυτῷ | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | N-dat-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 προεσήμαινεν | obl | high | Dative of time: one year earlier. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 προεσήμαινεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-----n | Degree=Cmp | 11 προεσήμαινεν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 4 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 κατορθῶσαι | mark | high | Introduces the infinitival temporal comparison. |
| 5 | κατορθῶσαι | κατορθόω | VERB | V---na--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 πρότερον | advcl | high | Aorist infinitive in πρότερον ἢ construction. |
| 6 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | Nb-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατορθῶσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---na-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 κατορθῶσαι | obj | high | Substantival neuter plural article, with ἐν Λεύκτροις; exact ellipsis is somewhat compressed. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 9 | Λεύκτροις | Λεῦκτρον | PROPN | Nb----d-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 τὰ | nmod | high | Place-name in the article’s substantival phrase. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | προεσήμαινεν | προσημαίνω | VERB | V---ia--3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---nm-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 δαίμων | det | high | |
| 13 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N---nm-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 προεσήμαινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nb----d-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 προεσήμαινεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κάθοδον | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 17 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | Nb----a-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κάθοδον | nmod | high | Goal of movement, governed by ἐς. |
| 18 | κάθοδον | κάθοδος | NOUN | N---af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 προεσήμαινεν | obj | high | The descent/return to the Peloponnese. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 προεσήμαινεν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἐν Μεσσήνῃ τῇ πρὸς τῷ πορθμῷ τὸν ἱερέα τοῦ Ἡρακλέους λέγουσιν ὀνείρατος ἰδεῖν ὄψιν---τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἔδοξε κληθῆναι τὸν Μάντικλον ἐπὶ ξενίᾳ ἐς Ἰθώμην ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός---, τοῦτο δὲ ἐν Εὐεσπερίταις Κόμων συγγενέσθαι νεκρᾷ τῇ μητρὶ ἐδόκει, συγγενομένου δὲ αὖθίς οἱ τὴν μητέρα ἀναβιῶναι.
Complex reported-dream constructions: λέγουσιν governs an accusative-plus-infinitive with ἱερέα as accusative subject and ἰδεῖν as infinitive; ἔδοξε governs the second infinitival report, while συγγενομένου is a genitive absolute and οἱ is dative experiencer/possessor with ἀναβιῶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 λέγουσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | Gf | _ | 14 λέγουσιν | mark | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Μεσσήνῃ | case | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσήνῃ | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | Ne||||f||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 λέγουσιν | obl | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S||||f||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πορθμῷ | det | high | |
| 7 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | _ | 8 τῷ | case | high | |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S||||n||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πορθμῷ | det | high | |
| 9 | πορθμῷ | πορθμός | NOUN | Nb||||m||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μεσσήνῃ | nmod | high | |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S||||m||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἱερέα | det | high | |
| 11 | ἱερέα | ἱερεύς | NOUN | Nb||||m||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἰδεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S||||m||||s||||g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne||||m||||s||||g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἱερέα | nmod | high | |
| 14 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-||||3||||p||||p||||a||||i | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ὀνείρατος | ὄνειρος | NOUN | Nb||||m||||s||||g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὄψιν | nmod | medium | Genitive of content/type with ὄψιν; syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | V-||||*||||n||||a||||a | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | |
| 17 | ὄψιν | ὄψις | NOUN | Nb||||f||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἰδεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἰδεῖν. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἰδεῖν | punct | high | |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἰδεῖν | punct | high | |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἰδεῖν | punct | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S||||m||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ἡρακλέα | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne||||m||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κληθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of κληθῆναι. |
| 23 | ἔδοξε | δοκέω | VERB | V-||||3||||s||||p||||a||||i | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἰδεῖν | parataxis | medium | Impersonal/raising use introducing the embedded infinitive. |
| 24 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | V-||||*||||n||||a||||p | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 ἔδοξε | ccomp | high | |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S||||m||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 Μάντικλον | det | high | |
| 26 | Μάντικλον | Μάντικλος | PROPN | Ne||||m||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κληθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative object of passive κληθῆναι, the person summoned. |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 28 ξενίᾳ | case | high | |
| 28 | ξενίᾳ | ξενία | NOUN | Nb||||f||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κληθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 30 Ἰθώμην | case | high | |
| 30 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | Ne||||f||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κληθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 31 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 33 Διός | case | high | |
| 32 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S||||m||||s||||g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 Διός | det | high | |
| 33 | Διός | Ζεύς | PROPN | Ne||||m||||s||||g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κληθῆναι | obl:agent | high | |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κληθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κληθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κληθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 38 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 47 ἐδόκει | obj | high | |
| 39 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 47 ἐδόκει | cc | high | |
| 40 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 41 Εὐεσπερίταις | case | high | |
| 41 | Εὐεσπερίταις | Εὐεσπερῖται | PROPN | Ne||||f||||p||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 47 ἐδόκει | obl | high | |
| 42 | Κόμων | Κόμων | PROPN | Ne||||m||||s||||n | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 47 ἐδόκει | nsubj | high | |
| 43 | συγγενέσθαι | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-||||*||||n||||a||||d | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 47 ἐδόκει | xcomp | high | |
| 44 | νεκρᾷ | νεκρός | ADJ | A||||f||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 μητρὶ | amod | high | |
| 45 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S||||f||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 46 μητρὶ | det | high | |
| 46 | μητρὶ | μήτηρ | NOUN | Nb||||f||||s||||d | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 συγγενέσθαι | obl | high | |
| 47 | ἐδόκει | δοκέω | VERB | V-||||3||||s||||p||||a||||i | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 λέγουσιν | parataxis | high | Impersonal/raising construction with Κόμων as nominative experiencer/subject. |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 ἐδόκει | punct | high | |
| 49 | συγγενομένου | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-||||p||||m||||s||||g | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 55 ἀναβιῶναι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; implicit subject is Κόμων. |
| 50 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 49 συγγενομένου | cc | high | |
| 51 | αὖθίς | αὖθις | ADV | Df | _ | 55 ἀναβιῶναι | advmod | high | |
| 52 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Pp3smd | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 55 ἀναβιῶναι | iobj | medium | Dative of experiencer/possessor with ἀναβιῶναι. |
| 53 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S||||f||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 54 μητέρα | det | high | |
| 54 | μητέρα | μήτηρ | NOUN | Nb||||f||||s||||a | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 55 ἀναβιῶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀναβιῶναι. |
| 55 | ἀναβιῶναι | ἀναβιόω | VERB | V-||||*||||n||||a||||a | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 47 ἐδόκει | ccomp | high | |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 ἐδόκει | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἄρα ἐδήλου τὸ ὄνειρον ἀνασώσεσθαι Μεσσήνην.
The neuter subject τὸ ὄνειρον is separated by the verb; the infinitive ἀνασώσεσθαι with accusative Μεσσήνην expresses what the dream indicated.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἐδήλου | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐδήλου | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐδήλου | discourse | medium | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ἐδήλου | δηλόω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὄνειρον | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄνειρον | ὄνειρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐδήλου | obj | high | Object of δηλόω. |
| 7 | ἀνασώσεσθαι | ἀνασώζω | VERB | V-FMN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 6 ὄνειρον | xcomp | medium | Future middle infinitive in an indirect-statement/predicative construction; aspect coding is uncertain. |
| 8 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνασώσεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀνασώσεσθαι. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐδήλου | punct | high |