Grammar parses for passage 4.26.6
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ δὲ οὔτε ἄλλως ἐφαίνετο ῥᾴδια ἀξιόμαχον πόλιν ἐποικίσαι Λακεδαιμονίοις οὔτε ὅπου χρὴ κτίσαι τῆς χώρας ἐξευρίσκει·
The first οὔτε...οὔτε coordinates two impediments under ἐφαίνετο: inability to found an adequately defensible city for the Lacedaemonians, and inability to discover where in the country it should be founded. ῥᾴδια is predicative accusative agreeing with πόλιν; χρὴ is impersonal and κτίσαι is its infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐφαίνετο | obl | high | Dative of viewpoint/subject of φαίνετο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 ἐποικίσαι | cc | high | First member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination. |
| 4 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | Adverb, ‘otherwise/in another respect’. |
| 5 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, impersonal/semi-impersonal ‘it seemed’. |
| 6 | ῥᾴδια | ῥᾴδιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποικίσαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative plural neuter; form agrees with an understood plural neuter notion or may reflect πόλιν by attraction/semantic predication. |
| 7 | ἀξιόμαχον | ἀξιόμαχος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλιν | amod | high | Agrees with πόλιν. |
| 8 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποικίσαι | obj | high | Object of ἐποικίσαι. |
| 9 | ἐποικίσαι | ἐποικίζω | VERB | V-AN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφαίνετο | csubj | high | Aorist active infinitive, subject/content clause of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποικίσαι | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference: a city defensible for the Lacedaemonians. |
| 11 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἐξευρίσκει | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination. |
| 12 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | D | _ | 14 κτίσαι | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb, ‘where’. |
| 13 | χρὴ | χρή | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 κτίσαι | advcl | high | Impersonal verb governing κτίσαι. |
| 14 | κτίσαι | κτίζω | VERB | V-AN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξευρίσκει | xcomp | high | Aorist infinitive dependent on χρὴ, with omitted object referring to a city. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 χώρας | det | high | Article with χώρας. |
| 16 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κτίσαι | obl | high | Partitive/locative genitive: ‘of the country’; syntactically linked to where the city should be founded. |
| 17 | ἐξευρίσκει | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφαίνετο | conj | high | Present active coordinated predicate; subject is understood Ἐπαμινώνδας. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὴν γὰρ Ἀνδανίαν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι καὶ Οἰχαλίαν οὐκ ἔφασαν ἀνοικιεῖν, ὅτι αἱ συμφοραί σφισιν ἐγεγόνεσαν ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦσιν.
ἔφασαν governs an infinitival complement ἀνοικιεῖν with coordinated objects Ἀνδανίαν and Οἰχαλίαν; ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦσιν is a circumstantial participial-like finite clause, formally present indicative, predicated of the implied Messenians, while σφισιν is dative of reference. The form ἀνοικιεῖν is morphologically difficult and is treated as a future active infinitive meaning ‘to resettle’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀνδανίαν | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἔφασαν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | Ἀνδανίαν | Ἀνδανία | PROPN | Ne---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνοικιεῖν | obj | high | First coordinated object of the infinitive. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Nb---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔφασαν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Οἰχαλίαν | cc | high | |
| 7 | Οἰχαλίαν | Οἰχαλία | PROPN | Ne---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀνδανίαν | conj | high | Second coordinated object; coordination is elliptical under the same infinitive. |
| 8 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἔφασαν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | VAAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative; takes the infinitival complement. |
| 10 | ἀνοικιεῖν | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | VFAI-------- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 9 ἔφασαν | xcomp | low | Future active infinitive; spelling/form is textually or morphologically uncertain. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔφασαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 16 ἐγεγόνεσαν | mark | high | Introduces the causal/content subordinate clause. |
| 13 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 συμφοραί | det | high | |
| 14 | συμφοραί | συμφορά | NOUN | Nb---NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἐγεγόνεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp---DP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 18 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | medium | Dative of reference/association with οἰκοῦσιν; may also be construed with ἐγεγόνεσαν. |
| 16 | ἐγεγόνεσαν | γίγνομαι | VERB | VRAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 9 ἔφασαν | ccomp | high | Perfect active indicative in the ὅτι clause. |
| 17 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 οἰκοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | VPAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐγεγόνεσαν | advcl | medium | Finite present indicative with implied subject, likely the Messenians; semantically circumstantial/temporal rather than a true participle. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔφασαν | punct | high |
ἀποροῦντι οὖν αὐτῷ πρεσβύτην ἄνδρα, ἱεροφάντῃ μάλιστα εἰκασμένον, νύκτωρ φασὶν ἐπιστάντα εἰπεῖν·
An accusative-and-infinitive construction depends on φασίν: an implied/previously salient person is perplexed, while a priest-like old man is reported to have appeared by night and spoken. ἀποροῦντι and αὐτῷ are dative with the participial circumstance; ἄνδρα is apposition to πρεσβύτην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποροῦντι | ἀπορέω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπιστάντα | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, with αὐτῷ; its understood subject is the person in difficulty. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G- | _ | 1 ἀποροῦντι | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποροῦντι | obl | high | Dative with ἀποροῦντι. |
| 4 | πρεσβύτην | πρεσβύτης | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιστάντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἰπεῖν, also linked to ἐπιστάντα. |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρεσβύτην | appos | high | Apposition to πρεσβύτην. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πρεσβύτην | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἱεροφάντῃ | ἱεροφάντης | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἰκασμένον | obl | medium | Dative of comparison or resemblance with εἰκασμένον; syntactically related to the participle. |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D- | Degree=Sup | 9 εἰκασμένον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying εἰκασμένον. |
| 9 | εἰκασμένον | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-RPP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 4 πρεσβύτην | acl | high | Attributive participle agreeing with πρεσβύτην/ἄνδρα. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰκασμένον | punct | high | |
| 11 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | D- | _ | 13 ἐπιστάντα | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, “by night.” |
| 12 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | 主谓语; introduces the reported infinitival construction. |
| 13 | ἐπιστάντα | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 εἰπεῖν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with πρεσβύτην, coordinated semantically with εἰπεῖν; “having appeared/come up.” |
| 14 | εἰπεῖν | λέγω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Aorist infinitive in the reported accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 φασὶν | punct | high |
"σοὶ μὲν δῶρά ἐστι παρʼ ἐμοῦ κρατεῖν ὅτῳ ἂν μεθʼ ὅπλων ἐπέρχῃ·
The construction is impersonal ἐστι with dative σοὶ and infinitival subject κρατεῖν; παρʼ ἐμοῦ expresses source, and the relative clause ὅτῳ ἂν ... ἐπέρχῃ is indefinite/future-like, with ὅτῳ as dative object of κρατεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 2 | σοὶ | σύ | PRON | P2S-DAT | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of the person concerned/possessor. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle; corresponding δέ is outside the quoted sentence. |
| 4 | δῶρά | δῶρον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural nominative; predicate/nominative subject with ἐστι. |
| 5 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 7 ἐμοῦ | case | high | Elided preposition governing the genitive. |
| 7 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1S-GEN | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 8 κρατεῖν | obl | high | Genitive of source with παρὰ. |
| 8 | κρατεῖν | κρατέω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστι | csubj | high | Infinitival subject/complement: 'to prevail/conquer'. |
| 9 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | R-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 8 κρατεῖν | obl | high | Dative relative pronoun, object/target of κρατεῖν; introduces an indefinite relative clause with ἄν. |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐπέρχῃ | mark | high | Modal particle marking the indefinite relative construction. |
| 11 | μεθʼ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ὅπλων | case | high | Elided preposition governing the genitive. |
| 12 | ὅπλων | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπέρχῃ | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετά, 'with weapons'. |
| 13 | ἐπέρχῃ | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-PMS-2S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὅτῳ | acl:relcl | high | Subjunctive in the indefinite relative clause; middle-form verb with active/intransitive sense. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high |
σὺ δὲ Μεσσηνίοις γῆν τε πατρίδα καὶ πόλεις ἀπόδος, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὸ μήνιμα ἤδη σφίσι πέπαυται τὸ Διοσκούρων" .
Imperative ἀπόδος governs coordinated accusative objects γῆν ... πατρίδα and πόλεις; ἐπειδή introduces the causal clause. In the clause, τὸ Διοσκούρων is a genitive-dependent phrase, probably an elliptical or textually difficult expression referring to the Dioscuri’s anger; the exact syntax is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σὺ | σύ | PRON | P-S---2-SN- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 9 ἀπόδος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | cc | high | |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπόδος | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 4 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπόδος | obj | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 πατρίδα | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 6 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γῆν | amod | high | Appositional adjective-like noun, ‘ancestral/native’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 πόλεις | cc | high | Coordinates πόλεις with the γῆν ... πατρίδα phrase. |
| 8 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπόδος | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἀπόδος | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-2AAM-2S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 πέπαυται | mark | high | Causal/subordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἤδη | advmod | medium | Emphatic ‘also/even’. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 μήνιμα | det | high | |
| 14 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πέπαυται | nsubj | medium | Subject of πέπαυται; spelling/form is morphologically compatible with neuter nominative. |
| 15 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 πέπαυται | advmod | high | |
| 16 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 πέπαυται | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/beneficiary; enclitic third-person plural form. |
| 17 | πέπαυται | παύω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἀπόδος | advcl | high | Perfect-form morphology is possible in the supplied spelling; parsed as middle/passive, ‘has ceased/been made to cease’. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Διοσκούρων | det | medium | Genitive article; construction with Διοσκούρων is difficult. |
| 19 | Διοσκούρων | Διόσκουροι | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μήνιμα | nmod | low | Genitive plural proper name; τὸ Διοσκούρων may represent an elliptical or textually difficult expression. |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | punct | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | punct | high |