Grammar parses for passage 4.26.6
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ δὲ οὔτε ἄλλως ἐφαίνετο ῥᾴδια ἀξιόμαχον πόλιν ἐποικίσαι Λακεδαιμονίοις οὔτε ὅπου χρὴ κτίσαι τῆς χώρας ἐξευρίσκει·
The syntax is a coordinated negative structure: ἐφαίνετο governs an infinitival clause, and ἐξευρίσκει is the second finite predicate joined by οὔτε; the ὅπου χρὴ κτίσαι phrase is somewhat elliptical/indirect.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐφαίνετο | nsubj | high | Dative of reference/experiencer with φαίνομαι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 4 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | Modifies ἐφαίνετο. |
| 5 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ῥᾴδια | ῥᾴδιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in infinitival clause; form may be neuter plural accusative used adverbially/predicatively. |
| 7 | ἀξιόμαχον | ἀξιόμαχος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πόλιν | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of πόλιν. |
| 8 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποικίσαι | obj | high | Object of ἐποικίσαι. |
| 9 | ἐποικίσαι | ἐποικίζω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφαίνετο | csubj | high | Infinitival clause functioning as subject/complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποικίσαι | obl | medium | Dative of advantage/reference with ἐποικίσαι. |
| 11 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἐξευρίσκει | cc | high | Correlative conjunction linking second alternative. |
| 12 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἐξευρίσκει | advmod | medium | Introduces indirect question / place reference. |
| 13 | χρὴ | χρή | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ἐξευρίσκει | advcl | medium | Impersonal verb; syntactic attachment uncertain. |
| 14 | κτίσαι | κτίζω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 χρὴ | xcomp | high | Complement of χρὴ. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 χώρας | det | high | Article modifying χώρας. |
| 16 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κτίσαι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of κτίσαι, likely 'the country/region'. |
| 17 | ἐξευρίσκει | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφαίνετο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb with οὔτε. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐξευρίσκει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἀποροῦντι οὖν αὐτῷ πρεσβύτην ἄνδρα, ἱεροφάντῃ μάλιστα εἰκασμένον, νύκτωρ φασὶν ἐπιστάντα εἰπεῖν·
The syntax is a participial framing plus direct report; the main finite verb is φασὶν, with nested participial/infinitival complementation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποροῦντι | ἀπορέω | VERB | PAP-SMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 αὐτῷ | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with αὐτῷ; circumstantial clause frame. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀποροῦντι | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | RP3DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 εἰπεῖν | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/complement with ἀποροῦντι; attached to main report clause as closest verbal governor available. |
| 4 | πρεσβύτην | πρεσβύτης | NOUN | NASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἰπεῖν | obj | high | Object of εἰπεῖν by anticipation of reported speech content. |
| 5 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρεσβύτην | appos | high | Apposition to πρεσβύτην. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πρεσβύτην | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ἱεροφάντῃ | ἱεροφάντης | NOUN | NDS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἰκασμένον | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference with εἰκασμένον. |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 εἰκασμένον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying εἰκασμένον. |
| 9 | εἰκασμένον | εἴκω | VERB | VPRPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 4 πρεσβύτην | amod | medium | Participle modifying ἄνδρα; sense ‘resembling’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰκασμένον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐπιστάντα | advmod | high | Adverbial time modifier. |
| 12 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 13 | ἐπιστάντα | ἐφίστημι | VERB | VAPAASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Accusative participle in indirect statement framework with φασὶν. |
| 14 | εἰπεῖν | λέγω | VERB | VAAAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπιστάντα | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on ἐπιστάντα. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 φασὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
"σοὶ μὲν δῶρά ἐστι παρʼ ἐμοῦ κρατεῖν ὅτῳ ἂν μεθʼ ὅπλων ἐπέρχῃ·
Main clause is copular with infinitival predication; the relative clause ὅτῳ ἂν μεθʼ ὅπλων ἐπέρχῃ is attached to the infinitive phrase, though its exact scope is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 δῶρά | punct | high | Opening quotation mark. |
| 2 | σοὶ | σύ | PRON | Pp2nd | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/possessor with ἐστι. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 2 σοὶ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | δῶρά | δῶρον | NOUN | N-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Predicative subject with ἐστι. |
| 5 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 6 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 κρατεῖν | case | high | Preposition governing ἐμοῦ. |
| 7 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1sg | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 8 κρατεῖν | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρὰ. |
| 8 | κρατεῖν | κρατέω | VERB | V--pan--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 δῶρά | acl | high | Infinitival complement modifying δῶρά. |
| 9 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | Pi-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 13 ἐπέρχῃ | iobj | medium | Relative pronoun; case/function somewhat uncertain, but dative suits κυβερνᾶν/ἐπέρχῃ construction. |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἐπέρχῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle with the verb. |
| 11 | μεθʼ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἐπέρχῃ | case | high | Preposition governing ὅπλων. |
| 12 | ὅπλων | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπέρχῃ | obl | high | Prepositional object of μεθʼ. |
| 13 | ἐπέρχῃ | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-3spsm--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 κρατεῖν | acl:relcl | medium | Likely relative clause modifying κρατεῖν or the general proposition; exact attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ ἢν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γένῃ, ἔγωγε ὦ Θηβαῖε ποιήσω μή ποτε ἀνώνυμον μηδὲ ἄδοξόν σε γενέσθαι.
Main clause with future verb ποιήσω and infinitival complement γενέσθαι; ἢν introduces a conditional protasis with subjunctive γένῃ, and μή ποτε governs the infinitival predicate/adjectival complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ποιήσω | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to prior context. |
| 2 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 γένῃ | mark | high | Conditional particle with subjunctive. |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἀνθρώπων | case | high | Preposition governing ἀνθρώπων. |
| 4 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--PGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 γένῃ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 5 | γένῃ | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ASM3S- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ποιήσω | advcl | high | Subordinate conditional verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ποιήσω | punct | high | Comma. |
| 7 | ἔγωγε | ἐγώ | PRON | P-P1NSG--- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 10 ποιήσω | nsubj | high | Emphatic first-person subject. |
| 8 | ὦ | ὦ | INTJ | ITJ | _ | 9 Θηβαῖε | discourse | high | Vocative particle. |
| 9 | Θηβαῖε | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A--VSM--- | Case=Voc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ποιήσω | vocative | high | Vocative address. |
| 10 | ποιήσω | ποιέω | VERB | V-FAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 11 | μή | μή | PART | PRT-N | _ | 17 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Negation in infinitival clause. |
| 12 | ποτε | ποτέ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Modal/temporal particle modifying infinitive. |
| 13 | ἀνώνυμον | ἀνώνυμος | ADJ | A-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative complement; form could also be read as neuter acc. sg. |
| 14 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | COORD | _ | 15 ἄδοξόν | cc | high | Negative coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | ἄδοξόν | ἄδοξος | ADJ | A-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 γενέσθαι | conj | medium | Likely coordinated predicative complement, neuter acc. sg. |
| 16 | σε | σύ | PRON | P-2AS--- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2 | 17 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Object of infinitive. |
| 17 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 10 ποιήσω | xcomp | high | Complement of ποιήσω. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ποιήσω | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
σὺ δὲ Μεσσηνίοις γῆν τε πατρίδα καὶ πόλεις ἀπόδος, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὸ μήνιμα ἤδη σφίσι πέπαυται τὸ Διοσκούρων" .
Main imperative clause is followed by an επειδή clause explaining the reason, with μήνιμα as the subject of πέπαυται and Διοσκούρων as a genitive modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σὺ | σύ | PRON | Pp-2n | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 9 ἀπόδος | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of the imperative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀπόδος | iobj | medium | Likely dative recipient; could be adjectival substantive. |
| 4 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπόδος | obj | high | Direct object coordinated with πόλεις. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 4 γῆν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 6 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γῆν | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of γῆν; form could be substantive in apposition. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 πόλεις | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 γῆν | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 9 | ἀπόδος | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V- | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperative main verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | punct | high | Comma. |
| 11 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | C- | _ | 17 πέπαυται | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing causal/reason clause. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | PART | G | _ | 15 ἤδη | advmod | medium | Intensifying/additive particle modifying ἤδη. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Px | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 μήνιμα | det | high | Article with μήνιμα. |
| 14 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πέπαυται | nsubj | high | Subject of πέπαυται. |
| 15 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 17 πέπαυται | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the verb. |
| 16 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp-3d | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 πέπαυται | iobj | high | Dative of reference/affected party. |
| 17 | πέπαυται | παύω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 9 ἀπόδος | advcl | high | Perfect middle verb in subordinate causal clause. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Px | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Διοσκούρων | det | high | Article with Διοσκούρων. |
| 19 | Διοσκούρων | Διόσκουροι | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μήνιμα | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of μήνιμα; appositional/explanatory relation possible. |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | punct | high | Quotation mark. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπόδος | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |