Grammar parses for passage 4.26.7
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ μὲν ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, Ἐπιτέλει δὲ τῷ Αἰσχίνου τάδε ἐμήνυε---στρατηγεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν οἱ Ἀργεῖοι τὸν Ἐπιτέλην καὶ Μεσσήνην ἀνοικίζειν ᾕρηντο---
The first clause has a dative addressee with μὲν; the second has a dative addressee and a neuter demonstrative object. The infinitival sequence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on ᾕρηντο: οἱ Ἀργεῖοι chose Ἐπιτέλην as στρατηγόν and chose him to resettle Messene; στρατηγεῖν is coordinated semantically with ἀνοικίζειν, with αὐτόν as shared accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | No-Voc-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔλεγεν | iobj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἔλεγεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P-Dem-Acc-Neu-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 ἔλεγεν | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | V-IIA-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 11 ἐμήνυε | parataxis | high | Imperfect narratival verb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔλεγεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | Ἐπιτέλει | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | No-Voc-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐμήνυε | iobj | high | |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μὲν. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S---DMN-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Αἰσχίνου | det | high | |
| 9 | Αἰσχίνου | Αἰσχίνης | PROPN | No-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τάδε | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival modifier of the substantivized article. |
| 10 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | P-Dem-Acc-Neu-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 11 ἐμήνυε | obj | high | Substantival demonstrative, ‘the following’. |
| 11 | ἐμήνυε | μηνύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | punct | high | Dash used as punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | punct | high | Dash used as punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | punct | high | Dash used as punctuation. |
| 15 | στρατηγεῖν | στρατηγεῖν | VERB | V-PNA | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ᾕρηντο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in the reported-choice construction; lemma spelling follows lexical form. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 στρατηγεῖν | cc | high | Connective particle within the infinitival report. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 στρατηγεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive; also understood with ἀνοικίζειν. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NPM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-N--MNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ᾕρηντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾕρηντο. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---MAM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἐπιτέλην | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἐπιτέλην | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | No-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 στρατηγεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative complement/predicative object of στρατηγεῖν, understood as ‘to appoint as general’. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἀνοικίζειν | cc | high | |
| 23 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | No-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνοικίζειν | obj | high | Object of ἀνοικίζειν. |
| 24 | ἀνοικίζειν | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V-PNA | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ᾕρηντο | xcomp | high | Coordinated infinitive in the reported-choice construction. |
| 25 | ᾕρηντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2ADI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐμήνυε | ccomp | high | Pluperfect-form middle, ‘had chosen’; governs the infinitival report. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | punct | high | Dash used as punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | punct | high | Dash used as punctuation. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | punct | high | Dash used as punctuation. |
τοῦτον οὖν τὸν ἄνδρα ἐκέλευεν ὁ ὄνειρος, ἔνθα ἂν τῆς Ἰθώμης εὕρῃ πεφυκυῖαν σμίλακα καὶ μυρσίνην, τὸ μέσον ὀρύξαντα αὐτῶν ἀνασῶσαι τὴν γραῦν·
The finite verb ἐκέλευεν governs the accusative subject/object construction τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα and the complementary infinitive ἀνασῶσαι; ἔνθα ἂν εὕρῃ introduces a relative-locative clause, with πεφυκυῖαν agreeing with σμίλακα and τὸ μέσον ὀρύξαντα as an accusative circumstantial participial phrase referring to the commanded man. The exact semantic attachment of ἔνθα is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἄνδρα | det | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐκέλευεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle; relation labeled discourse. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄνδρα | det | high | |
| 4 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκέλευεν | obj | high | Accusative participant/subject of the command. |
| 5 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὄνειρος | det | high | |
| 7 | ὄνειρος | ὄνειρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκέλευεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 εὕρῃ | advmod | medium | Locative/relative adverb introducing the place clause. |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 εὕρῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἰθώμης | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἰθώμης | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εὕρῃ | nmod | high | |
| 13 | εὕρῃ | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-2AAS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | advcl | high | Subjunctive in a modal relative-locative clause. |
| 14 | πεφυκυῖαν | φύω | VERB | V-RAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 σμίλακα | amod | high | Perfect active participle, agreeing with σμίλακα. |
| 15 | σμίλακα | σμίλαξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εὕρῃ | obj | high | First object coordinated with μυρσίνην. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 μυρσίνην | cc | high | |
| 17 | μυρσίνην | μυρσίνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 σμίλακα | conj | high | Coordinated object of εὕρῃ. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | punct | high | |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 μέσον | det | high | |
| 20 | μέσον | μέσος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ὀρύξαντα | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, object of ὀρύξαντα. |
| 21 | ὀρύξαντα | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | advcl | high | Accusative circumstantial participle, coreferential with the commanded ἄνδρα. |
| 22 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPF-3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural|PronType=Prs | 21 ὀρύξαντα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μέσον, ‘the middle of them’. |
| 23 | ἀνασῶσαι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of κελεύω. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 γραῦν | det | high | |
| 25 | γραῦν | γραῦς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνασῶσαι. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high |
κάμνειν γὰρ ἐν τῷ χαλκῷ καθειργμένην θαλάμῳ καὶ ἤδη λιποψυχεῖν αὐτήν.
Accusative-and-infinitive content clause: κάμνειν and λιποψυχεῖν are coordinated infinitives; αὐτήν is their shared accusative subject, with καθειργμένην agreeing with it and θαλάμῳ functioning as the dative complement of καθειργμένην (confined in a chamber).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κάμνειν | κάμνω | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | conj | high | Coordinated with λιποψυχεῖν; infinitive in reported-content construction. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 κάμνειν | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 7 θαλάμῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase τῷ χαλκῷ. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 χαλκῷ | det | high | Article agreeing with χαλκῷ. |
| 5 | χαλκῷ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θαλάμῳ | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν; denotes the bronze enclosure/material. |
| 6 | καθειργμένην | καθείργω | VERB | V-RPP-acc-sg-f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 αὐτήν | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle agreeing with αὐτήν; θαλάμῳ is its dative complement. |
| 7 | θαλάμῳ | θάλαμος | NOUN | N-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καθειργμένην | obl | medium | Dative complement of καθειργμένην, understood as confined in a chamber. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying λιποψυχεῖν. |
| 10 | λιποψυχεῖν | λιποψυχέω | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Chosen as root of the coordinated infinitival predicate; the larger construction is an implied reported-content clause. |
| 11 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-acc-sg-f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject shared by the infinitives; semantically the experiencer/patient of both predicates. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἐπιτέλης, ὡς ἐπελάμβανεν ἡμέρα, παραγενόμενος ἐς τὸ εἰρημένον χωρίον ἐπέτυχεν ὀρύσσων ὑδρίᾳ χαλκῇ, καὶ αὐτίκα παρὰ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν
The sentence ends mid-continuation after καὶ αὐτίκα παρὰ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν, so the final phrase's exact syntactic role is provisional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἐπιτέλης | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-||||CONJ | _ | 3 Ἐπιτέλης | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἐπιτέλης | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | NE-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Ἐπιτέλης | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-||||CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπελάμβανεν | mark | high | Temporal conjunction. |
| 6 | ἐπελάμβανεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advcl | medium | Imperfect, temporal clause; subject is ἡμέρα. |
| 7 | ἡμέρα | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπελάμβανεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπελάμβανεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | παραγενόμενος | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle agreeing with Ἐπιτέλης. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-||||PREP | _ | 13 χωρίον | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εἰρημένον | det | high | |
| 12 | εἰρημένον | ἐρῶ | VERB | V-RMP-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 χωρίον | amod | medium | Perfect passive participle, substantivally/attributively ‘mentioned’; lemma and derivation are lexically irregular. |
| 13 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-A-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 παραγενόμενος | obl | high | |
| 14 | ἐπέτυχεν | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ὀρύσσων | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advcl | high | Participial complement with ἐπέτυχεν, describing the activity encountered/found. |
| 16 | ὑδρίᾳ | ὑδρία | NOUN | N-FDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὀρύσσων | obl | high | Dative with ὀρύσσω: digging toward/at a hydria. |
| 17 | χαλκῇ | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-FDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὑδρίᾳ | amod | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-||||CONJ | _ | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | cc | high | Coordinates the following adverbial continuation; sentence is incomplete at token 23. |
| 20 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P-||||PREP | _ | 23 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | case | high | With accusative. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἐπαμινώνδαν | Ἐπαμεινώνδας | PROPN | NE-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | obl | medium | Proper name in accusative governed by παρά; the continuation is truncated. |