Grammar parses for passage 4.26.7
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ μὲν ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, Ἐπιτέλει δὲ τῷ Αἰσχίνου τάδε ἐμήνυε---στρατηγεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν οἱ Ἀργεῖοι τὸν Ἐπιτέλην καὶ Μεσσήνην ἀνοικίζειν ᾕρηντο---
The passage has three coordinated/reportive clauses; the final segment is syntactically compressed, with infinitives depending on ᾕρηντο and accusatives likely governed by those infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N--d-s--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔλεγεν | obl | high | Dative of person addressed/associated with ἔλεγεν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἔλεγεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἔλεγεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔλεγεν. |
| 4 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | V-ia-3s--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔλεγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | Ἐπιτέλει | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | N--d-s--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐμήνυε | obl | high | Dative recipient of ἐμήνυε. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Dd-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Αἰσχίνου | det | high | Article modifying Αἰσχίνου. |
| 9 | Αἰσχίνου | Αἰσχίνης | PROPN | N--g-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἐπιτέλει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἐπιτέλει; likely possessive/patronymic relation. |
| 10 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | Pd-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐμήνυε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐμήνυε. |
| 11 | ἐμήνυε | μηνύω | VERB | V-ia-3s--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐμήνυε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | στρατηγεῖν | στρατηγεῖν | VERB | V--na---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ᾕρηντο | xcomp | high | Complement of ᾕρηντο. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 25 ᾕρηντο | obj | medium | Likely object of στρατηγεῖν; syntax is compressed. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Dd-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἀργεῖοι. |
| 19 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A--p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ᾕρηντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾕρηντο. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Dd-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἐπιτέλην | det | high | Article with Ἐπιτέλην. |
| 21 | Ἐπιτέλην | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | N--s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 στρατηγεῖν | obj | high | Object of στρατηγεῖν if taken as governing accusative. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 Μεσσήνην | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 23 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N--s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνοικίζειν | obj | high | Object of ἀνοικίζειν. |
| 24 | ἀνοικίζειν | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V--na---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ᾕρηντο | xcomp | high | Complement coordinated with στρατηγεῖν. |
| 25 | ᾕρηντο | αἱρέω | VERB | V-lm-3p--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of final clause; participial-like wording with infinitival complements. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ᾕρηντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
τοῦτον οὖν τὸν ἄνδρα ἐκέλευεν ὁ ὄνειρος, ἔνθα ἂν τῆς Ἰθώμης εὕρῃ πεφυκυῖαν σμίλακα καὶ μυρσίνην, τὸ μέσον ὀρύξαντα αὐτῶν ἀνασῶσαι τὴν γραῦν·
Main clause with ἐκέλευεν and an indirect command introduced by ἔνθα ἂν; participial phrase ὀρύξαντα depends on the infinitive ἀνασῶσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | P-D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐκέλευεν | obj | high | Demonstrative modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐκέλευεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄνδρα | det | high | Article modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 4 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκέλευεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐκέλευεν. |
| 5 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὄνειρος | det | high | Article modifying ὄνειρος. |
| 7 | ὄνειρος | ὄνειρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκέλευεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκέλευεν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D | _ | 13 εὕρῃ | advmod | medium | Relative/adverbial clause introducer. |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 13 εὕρῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἰθώμης | det | high | Article modifying Ἰθώμης. |
| 12 | Ἰθώμης | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εὕρῃ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with εὕρῃ, likely source/location. |
| 13 | εὕρῃ | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-ASP-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | advcl | high | Subordinate clause headed by subjunctive verb. |
| 14 | πεφυκυῖαν | φύω | VERB | V-RAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 σμίλακα | amod | medium | Participial modifier of σμίλακα. |
| 15 | σμίλακα | σμίλαξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εὕρῃ | obj | high | Object of εὕρῃ. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 σμίλακα | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects. |
| 17 | μυρσίνην | μυρσίνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 σμίλακα | conj | high | Second coordinated object with σμίλακα. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εὕρῃ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 μέσον | det | high | Article modifying μέσον. |
| 20 | μέσον | μέσος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ὀρύξαντα | obj | medium | Adjectival substantive, object/complement of ὀρύξαντα. |
| 21 | ὀρύξαντα | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the infinitive. |
| 22 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---GN- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ὀρύξαντα | nmod | medium | Genitive of the objects/among them; relation uncertain. |
| 23 | ἀνασῶσαι | ἀνασώζω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐκέλευεν. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 γραῦν | det | high | Article modifying γραῦν. |
| 25 | γραῦν | γραῦς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀνασῶσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνασῶσαι. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
κάμνειν γὰρ ἐν τῷ χαλκῷ καθειργμένην θαλάμῳ καὶ ἤδη λιποψυχεῖν αὐτήν.
The sentence is elliptical, with infinitives functioning as the main predication; the prepositional phrase around ἐν τῷ χαλκῷ / θαλάμῳ is syntactically compressed and slightly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κάμνειν | κάμνω | VERB | V-PAINF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitival clause taken as the main predication. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 1 κάμνειν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 5 χαλκῷ | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-???? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 χαλκῷ | det | medium | Article modifying χαλκῷ; exact article code not certain. |
| 5 | χαλκῷ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κάμνειν | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 6 | καθειργμένην | καθείργνυμι | VERB | V-RPP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 αὐτήν | amod | high | Participial modifier of αὐτήν. |
| 7 | θαλάμῳ | θαλάμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 κάμνειν | obl | medium | Likely part of the prepositional phrase; syntax is somewhat uncertain in this compressed wording. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying λιποψυχεῖν. |
| 10 | λιποψυχεῖν | λιποψυχέω | VERB | V-PAINF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 κάμνειν | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 11 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 λιποψυχεῖν | obj | high | Object of λιποψυχεῖν. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κάμνειν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ Ἐπιτέλης, ὡς ἐπελάμβανεν ἡμέρα, παραγενόμενος ἐς τὸ εἰρημένον χωρίον ἐπέτυχεν ὀρύσσων ὑδρίᾳ χαλκῇ, καὶ αὐτίκα παρὰ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν
The main clause is ὁ Ἐπιτέλης ἐπέτυχεν, with two circumstantial participles and a temporal ὡς-clause; the final καὶ αὐτίκα παρὰ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν is syntactically fragmentary in the excerpt, so it is attached as an oblique phrase with αὐτίκα modifying it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἐπιτέλης | det | high | Article modifying Ἐπιτέλης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 3 Ἐπιτέλης | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Ἐπιτέλης | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέτυχεν. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἐπελάμβανεν | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 6 | ἐπελάμβανεν | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advcl | medium | Likely temporal circumstantial clause with ὡς. |
| 7 | ἡμέρα | ἡμέρα | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπελάμβανεν | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐπελάμβανεν ('day broke/began'). |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | παραγενόμενος | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | v-sammn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying subject. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 13 χωρίον | case | high | Preposition with motion into. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 χωρίον | det | high | Article modifying χωρίον. |
| 12 | εἰρημένον | λέγω | VERB | v-sappna- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 χωρίον | amod | high | Participial adjective modifying χωρίον. |
| 13 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | n-s---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 παραγενόμενος | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 14 | ἐπέτυχεν | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | v3siaa--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | ὀρύσσων | ὀρύσσω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | advcl | high | Present participle in circumstantial relation. |
| 16 | ὑδρίᾳ | ὑδρία | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὀρύσσων | obl | high | Instrument or means with participle. |
| 17 | χαλκῇ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὑδρίᾳ | amod | high | Modifies ὑδρίᾳ. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπέτυχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 αὐτίκα | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 20 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 23 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | advmod | medium | Likely adverb modifying the following prepositional phrase. |
| 21 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 23 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Ἐπαμινώνδαν | det | high | Article modifying Ἐπαμινώνδαν. |
| 23 | Ἐπαμινώνδαν | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 αὐτίκα | obl | high | Object of παρὰ. |