Grammar parses for passage 4.26.8
Open translation for this passage
κομίσας τό τε ἐνύπνιον ἐξηγεῖτο καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον τὸ πῶμα ἀφελόντα ἐκέλευεν ὅ τι ἐνείη σκοπεῖσθαι.
The construction has κελεύω with an accusative subject and infinitive; ὅ τι ἐνείη is a compressed ‘whatever might be inside’ clause, with attachment and the exact role of ὅ τι somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κομίσας | κομίζω | VERB | V-APA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐξηγεῖτο | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, temporal/sequential. |
| 2 | τό | ὁ | DET | T----NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνύπνιον | det | high | |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ἐξηγεῖτο | cc | high | Correlative τε linking the two coordinated predicates/objects. |
| 4 | ἐνύπνιον | ἐνύπνιον | NOUN | N----NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξηγεῖτο | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐξηγεῖτο. |
| 5 | ἐξηγεῖτο | ἐξηγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἐκέλευεν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐξηγεῖτο and ἐκέλευεν. |
| 7 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀφελόντα | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive/participial construction, referring to the person commanded. |
| 8 | ἐκεῖνον | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-D---MAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 αὐτὸν | appos | high | Appositional demonstrative with αὐτόν. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πῶμα | det | high | |
| 10 | πῶμα | πῶμα | NOUN | N----NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφελόντα | obj | high | Object of ἀφελόντα. |
| 11 | ἀφελόντα | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-APA-MAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἐκέλευεν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with αὐτόν, within the commanded construction. |
| 12 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ἐξηγεῖτο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; takes accusative subject and infinitival complement. |
| 13 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-S---NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 15 ἐνείη | nsubj | medium | Neuter relative form, probably introducing the material/thing to be observed; semantic relation is elliptical. |
| 14 | τι | τις | PRON | P-S---NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 ἐνείη | obj | high | Indefinite pronoun in ὅ τι, together forming the relative expression ‘whatever’. |
| 15 | ἐνείη | ἔνειμι | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 σκοπεῖσθαι | ccomp | medium | Optative in indirect interrogative/relative content: ‘whatever might be in it’; exact attachment of ὅ τι is syntactically compressed. |
| 16 | σκοπεῖσθαι | σκοπέω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἐκέλευεν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξηγεῖτο | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ θύσας καὶ εὐξάμενος τῷ πεφηνότι ὀνείρατι ἤνοιγε τὴν ὑδρίαν, ἀνοίξας δὲ εὗρε κασσίτερον ἐληλασμένον ἐς τὸ λεπτότατον· ἐπείλικτο δὲ ὥσπερ τὰ βιβλία.
The sentence has two coordinated main predicates (ἤνοιγε ... εὗρε) and a separate final clause ἐπείλικτο; ὥσπερ introduces an elliptical comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 θύσας | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἤνοιγε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | θύσας | θύω | VERB | VAAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἤνοιγε | advcl | high | Aorist participle with same subject as ἤνοιγε. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 εὐξάμενος | cc | high | |
| 5 | εὐξάμενος | εὔχομαι | VERB | VAMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ἤνοιγε | advcl | high | Coordinated aorist middle participle. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ὀνείρατι | det | high | |
| 7 | πεφηνότι | φαίνω | VERB | VまRPDNSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ὀνείρατι | amod | medium | Perfect participle, likely 'the revealed/appeared' dream; form is dat. neut. with ὀνείρατι. |
| 8 | ὀνείρατι | ὄνειρον | NOUN | N--D-SN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 εὐξάμενος | obl | high | Dative governed semantically by εὔχομαι. |
| 9 | ἤνοιγε | ἀνοίγω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ὑδρίαν | det | high | |
| 11 | ὑδρίαν | ὑδρία | NOUN | N--A-SF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἤνοιγε | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἤνοιγε | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀνοίξας | ἀνοίγω | VERB | VAAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εὗρε | advcl | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 εὗρε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | εὗρε | εὑρίσκω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἤνοιγε | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 16 | κασσίτερον | κασσίτερος | NOUN | N--A-SM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εὗρε | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἐληλασμένον | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-RPMSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 κασσίτερον | acl | high | Perfect passive participle agreeing with κασσίτερον. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 λεπτότατον | case | high | |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 λεπτότατον | det | high | |
| 20 | λεπτότατον | λεπτός | ADJ | A-SANS- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐληλασμένον | obl | high | Substantivized superlative: 'the thinnest degree/point'. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εὗρε | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἐπείλικτο | ἐπειλέω | VERB | VAMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | New independent clause after medial punctuation; exact lexical analysis of ἐπείλικτο is somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἐπείλικτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 24 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 22 ἐπείλικτο | mark | high | Introduces comparative clause. |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 βιβλία | det | high | |
| 26 | βιβλία | βιβλίον | NOUN | N--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπείλικτο | obl | medium | Comparative nominal complement; understood as comparison to the way books are rolled. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐπείλικτο | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν ἐγέγραπτο ἡ τελετή, καὶ τοῦτο ἦν παρακαταθήκη τοῦ Ἀριστομένους.
The first clause is a passive pluperfect: ἡ τελετή is subject and τῶν Μεγάλων θεῶν is a genitive dependent on τελετή (the rite of the Great Gods). In the second clause, τοῦτο is the subject of ἦν and παρακαταθήκη its predicate nominative; τοῦ Ἀριστομένους is a genitive dependent on παρακαταθήκη. The exact semantic force of the genitives is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 5 ἐγέγραπτο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεγάλων | det | high | |
| 3 | Μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 θεῶν | amod | high | |
| 4 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τελετή | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on τελετή: ‘rite of the Great Gods’. |
| 5 | ἐγέγραπτο | γράφω | VERB | V3P--LMI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive; passive sense ‘had been inscribed/recorded’. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA---NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 τελετή | det | high | |
| 7 | τελετή | τελετή | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐγέγραπτο | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 5 ἐγέγραπτο | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 10 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SI--IA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἐγέγραπτο | conj | high | |
| 12 | παρακαταθήκη | παρακαταθήκη | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with copular ἦν. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἀριστομένους | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 παρακαταθήκη | nmod | high | |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | U | _ | 5 ἐγέγραπτο | punct | high |
τοῦτον τὸν ἐπελθόντα τῷ Ἐπιτέλει καὶ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ καθεύδουσι Καύκωνα εἶναι λέγουσιν, ὃς ἀφίκετο ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐς Ἀνδανίαν παρὰ Μεσσήνην τὴν Τριόπα.
Accusative τοῦτον τὸν ἐπελθόντα Καύκωνα is the subject accusative of εἶναι in the reported speech governed by λέγουσιν; καθεύδουσι is a participial dative-plural modifier/temporal circumstance for Ἐπιτέλει and Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ, while παρὰ Μεσσήνην τὴν Τριόπα is a locative phrase with Τριόπα appositional to Μεσσήνην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | D-DSM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 Καύκωνα | det | high | |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἐπελθόντα | det | high | |
| 3 | ἐπελθόντα | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 Καύκωνα | amod | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with Καύκωνα. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἐπιτέλει | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐπιτέλει | Ἐπιτέλης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 καθεύδουσι | obl | medium | Dative with καθεύδουσι, likely naming one of the sleeping persons. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἐπιτέλει | conj | high | |
| 8 | καθεύδουσι | καθεύδω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 εἶναι | advcl | medium | Dative plural participle with coordinated personal datives; syntactically circumstantial to εἶναι/λέγουσιν. |
| 9 | Καύκωνα | Καύκων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject accusative of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Καύκωνα. |
| 14 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-ADI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 11 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Relative clause coordinated in discourse with the reported assertion. |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P-------- | _ | 16 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-------- | _ | 18 Ἀνδανίαν | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἀνδανίαν | Ἀνδανία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Goal of ἀφίκετο. |
| 19 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P-------- | _ | 20 Μεσσήνην | case | high | Here with accusative, indicating location/direction near Μεσσήνην. |
| 20 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀνδανίαν | obl | medium | Accusative object of παρὰ; location near Messene. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Τριόπα | det | high | |
| 22 | Τριόπα | Τριόπας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Μεσσήνην | appos | medium | Appositional name; the article's feminine form is anomalous if directly agreeing with Τριόπα, so attachment is treated as appositional to Μεσσήνην. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγουσιν | punct | high |