Grammar parses for passage 4.27.1
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ τῶν Τυνδάρεω παίδων μήνιμα ἐς τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἤρξατο μὲν πρὸ τῆς ἐν Στενυκλήρῳ μάχης, γενέσθαι δὲ αὐτὸ διʼ αἰτίαν τοιάνδε εἰκάζω.
The sentence contains a μέν...δέ discourse pair: the μήνιμα is said to have begun before the battle, while its arising from the stated cause is inferred; the infinitive γενέσθαι has accusative subject αὐτό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-nom/acc-neut-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μήνιμα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 10 ἤρξατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 5 παίδων | det | high | |
| 4 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | proper-noun-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παίδων | nmod | medium | Genitive of relationship/possession; form is epic/poetic in appearance. |
| 5 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | noun-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 μήνιμα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | noun-nom-neut-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἤρξατο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep-acc | _ | 9 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | article-acc-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 9 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | proper-noun-acc-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἤρξατο | obl | high | Target/addressee of the μήνιμα. |
| 10 | ἤρξατο | ἄρχω | VERB | verb-aor-mid-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | particle | _ | 10 ἤρξατο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ. |
| 12 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | prep-gen | _ | 16 μάχης | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | article-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 μάχης | det | high | |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | prep-dat | _ | 15 Στενυκλήρῳ | case | high | |
| 15 | Στενυκλήρῳ | Στενύκληρος | PROPN | proper-noun-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 μάχης | nmod | medium | Locative place-name in a prepositional phrase. |
| 16 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | noun-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἤρξατο | obl | high | Temporal/relational phrase: before the battle. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἤρξατο | punct | high | |
| 18 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb-aor-mid-inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 24 εἰκάζω | ccomp | high | Infinitive clause governed by εἰκάζω. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 24 εἰκάζω | cc | high | Connective introducing the second coordinated assertion. |
| 20 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | pron-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι (accusative-and-infinitive construction). |
| 21 | διʼ | διά | ADP | prep-acc | _ | 22 αἰτίαν | case | high | Elided form διά before a vowel. |
| 22 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | noun-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Causal prepositional phrase. |
| 23 | τοιάνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | adj-acc-fem-sg | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 αἰτίαν | amod | high | Agrees with αἰτίαν. |
| 24 | εἰκάζω | εἰκάζω | VERB | verb-pres-act-ind-1sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main matrix verb; the preceding ἤρξατο clause is coordinated with the following infinitival assertion in discourse. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰκάζω | punct | high |
μειράκια ὡραῖα ἐξ Ἀνδανίας, Πάνορμος καὶ Γώνιππος, τά τε ἄλλα οἰκείως εἶχον ἀλλήλοις καὶ κοινὰς ἐπὶ τὰς μάχας ἐξόδους καὶ καταδρομὰς ἐποιοῦντο ἐς τὴν Λακωνικήν.
The nominative apposition names Πάνορμος and Γώνιππος as the μειράκια subject; τά τε ἄλλα ... καὶ κοινὰς ... ἐποιοῦντο coordinates two predicates, with κοινὰς modifying implied ἐξόδους καὶ καταδρομάς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μειράκια | μειράκιον | NOUN | N--PNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ὡραῖα | ὡραῖος | ADJ | A--PNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 μειράκια | amod | high | |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ἀνδανίας | case | high | |
| 4 | Ἀνδανίας | Ἀνδανία | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 μειράκια | nmod | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Πάνορμος | punct | high | |
| 6 | Πάνορμος | Πάνορμος | PROPN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μειράκια | appos | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Γώνιππος | cc | high | |
| 8 | Γώνιππος | Γώνιππος | PROPN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Πάνορμος | conj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 10 | τά | ὁ | DET | P--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 εἶχον | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, in the first coordinated predicate. |
| 13 | οἰκείως | οἰκείως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 εἶχον | advmod | high | |
| 14 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P---DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἶχον | obl | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | |
| 17 | κοινὰς | κοινός | ADJ | A--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξόδους | amod | high | |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 μάχας | case | high | |
| 19 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | P--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 μάχας | det | high | |
| 20 | μάχας | μάχη | NOUN | N--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξόδους | nmod | high | ἐπὶ τὰς μάχας modifies the following nouns, with goal/direction sense. |
| 21 | ἐξόδους | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 καταδρομὰς | cc | high | |
| 23 | καταδρομὰς | καταδρομή | NOUN | N--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξόδους | conj | high | |
| 24 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 14 εἶχον | conj | high | Middle voice; coordinated with εἶχον. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Λακωνικήν | case | high | |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Λακωνικήν | det | high | |
| 27 | Λακωνικήν | Λακωνική | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | high | Substantivized geographic adjective: Λακωνικήν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἶχον | punct | high |