Grammar parses for passage 4.27.2
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου Διοσκούροις ἑορτὴν ἀγόντων καὶ ἤδη πρὸς πότον καὶ παιδιὰς τετραμμένων μετὰ τὸ ἄριστον, ὁ Γώνιππος καὶ ὁ Πάνορμος χιτῶνας λευκοὺς καὶ χλαμύδας πορφυρᾶς ἐνδύντες ἐπί τε ἵππων τῶν καλλίστων ὀχούμενοι καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς πίλους, ἐν δὲ ταῖς χερσὶ δόρατα ἔχοντες ἐπιφαίνονται Λακεδαιμονίοις.
The opening is a long genitive absolute, followed by the main clause with a series of participial modifiers describing the two men.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute participant; treating as proper ethnonym substantival use. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἀγόντων | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 στρατοπέδου | case | high | Prep governing genitive. |
| 4 | στρατοπέδου | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | N-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγόντων | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | Διοσκούροις | Διόσκουρος | PROPN | N-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγόντων | obl | high | Dative of reference/interest with ἐπί; semantically the festival recipient. |
| 6 | ἑορτὴν | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγόντων | obj | high | Object of ἀγόντων. |
| 7 | ἀγόντων | ἄγω | VERB | V--ppagm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀγόντων | cc | high | Connects genitive absolute participles. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 τετραμμένων | advmod | high | Modifies τετραμμένων. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πότον | case | high | Prep governing accusative. |
| 11 | πότον | πότος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τετραμμένων | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 παιδιὰς | cc | high | Coordinates with πότον. |
| 13 | παιδιὰς | παιδιά | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πότον | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with πότον; orthography/number slightly uncertain. |
| 14 | τετραμμένων | τρέπω | VERB | V--pppam- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀγόντων | conj | high | Second genitive-absolute participle linked to ἀγόντων. |
| 15 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ἄριστον | case | high | Prep governing accusative. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἄριστον | det | high | Article with ἄριστον. |
| 17 | ἄριστον | ἄριστον | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγόντων | obl | high | Temporal phrase with μετά. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀγόντων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Γώνιππος | det | high | Article with Γώνιππος. |
| 20 | Γώνιππος | Γώνιππος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | nsubj | high | First subject of ἐπιφαίνονται. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Γώνιππος | cc | high | Coordinates the two men. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Πάνορμος | det | high | Article with Πάνορμος. |
| 23 | Πάνορμος | Πάνορμος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Γώνιππος | conj | high | Conjunct subject. |
| 24 | χιτῶνας | χιτών | NOUN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐνδύντες | obj | high | Object of ἐνδύντες. |
| 25 | λευκοὺς | λευκός | ADJ | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 χιτῶνας | amod | high | Adjective modifying χιτῶνας. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 χιτῶνας | cc | high | Coordinates garments. |
| 27 | χλαμύδας | χλαμύς | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 χιτῶνας | conj | high | Second garment in coordination. |
| 28 | πορφυρᾶς | πορφυρᾶς | ADJ | A-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 χλαμύδας | amod | medium | Likely adjective modifying χλαμύδας; lemma/form uncertain but conventional color adjective. |
| 29 | ἐνδύντες | ἐνδύω | VERB | V--papamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the main verb. |
| 30 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 ἵππων | case | high | Prep governing genitive. |
| 31 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 30 ἐπί | discourse | low | Enclitic τε with ἐπί; relation approximate. |
| 32 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ὀχούμενοι | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase. |
| 33 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 καλλίστων | det | high | Article with καλλίστων. |
| 34 | καλλίστων | καλός | ADJ | A-p---sgs | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἵππων | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ἵππων. |
| 35 | ὀχούμενοι | ὄχομαι | VERB | V--pppmmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the main verb. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 35 ὀχούμενοι | cc | high | Coordinates participial predicates. |
| 37 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 39 κεφαλαῖς | case | high | Prep governing genitive. |
| 38 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 39 κεφαλαῖς | det | high | Article with κεφαλαῖς; case likely dative by attraction with ἐπί. |
| 39 | κεφαλαῖς | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 35 ὀχούμενοι | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase. |
| 40 | πίλους | πίλος | NOUN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 47 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 42 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 45 χερσὶ | case | high | Prep governing dative. |
| 43 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 42 ἐν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 44 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 45 χερσὶ | det | high | Article with χερσὶ. |
| 45 | χερσὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 47 ἔχοντες | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase. |
| 46 | δόρατα | δόρυ | NOUN | N-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 47 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 47 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V--pppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the main verb. |
| 48 | ἐπιφαίνονται | ἐπιφαίνομαι | VERB | V-3ppim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 49 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/appearance to the Spartans. |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 48 ἐπιφαίνονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ὡς εἶδον, προσεκύνουν τε καὶ εὔχοντο, ἀφῖχθαι δοκοῦντές σφισιν αὐτοὺς ἐς τὴν θυσίαν τοὺς Διοσκούρους.
The main clause has two coordinated imperfect verbs; the participial phrase δοκοῦντές σφισιν αὐτοὺς ἐς τὴν θυσίαν τοὺς Διοσκούρους is syntactically compressed and may be analyzed slightly differently, especially the relation of Διοσκούρους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 εἶδον | nsubj | high | Article used substantivally with implied masculine plural subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 6 προσεκύνουν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 4 εἶδον | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 4 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | v-aia-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 προσεκύνουν | advcl | high | Temporal adverbial clause dependent on the main verbs. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἶδον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | προσεκύνουν | προσκυνέω | VERB | v-iia-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated main verb. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | g-------- | _ | 6 προσεκύνουν | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 εὔχοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second main verb with the first. |
| 9 | εὔχοντο | εὔχομαι | VERB | v-iim-3p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 6 προσεκύνουν | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εὔχοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἀφῖχθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | v-ana- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 δοκοῦντές | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of δοκοῦντες. |
| 12 | δοκοῦντές | δοκέω | VERB | v-papmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 προσεκύνουν | advcl | medium | Participial clause explaining their seeming/appearance; head attached to main predication. |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 δοκοῦντές | iobj | high | Dative of reference with the participle. |
| 14 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀφῖχθαι | nsubj | medium | Subject of the infinitive; pronoun form may also be intensive, but here likely referring to the Dioscuri. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | d-------- | _ | 17 θυσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 θυσίαν | det | high | Article. |
| 17 | θυσίαν | θυσία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφῖχθαι | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐς. |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Διοσκούρους | det | high | Article with proper-name object. |
| 19 | Διοσκούρους | Διόσκουροι | PROPN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 αὐτοὺς | appos | medium | Appositive specifying 'themselves' as the Dioscuri; could also be a second object-like constituent. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 προσεκύνουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |