Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.27.3

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Passage 4.27.3

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

61Greek tokens

2,276input tokens

4,491output tokens

Sentence 1

4.27.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 28
Input: 840
Output: 1,967
Total: 2,807

οἱ νεανίσκοι δὲ ὡς ἅπαξ ἀνεμίχθησαν, διεξήλαυνον διὰ πάντων παίοντες τοῖς δόρασι, καὶ ἤδη κειμένων πολλῶν ἀποχωροῦσιν ἐς Ἀνδανίαν, καθυβρίσαντες τῶν Διοσκούρων τῇ θυσίᾳ.

Main clause with multiple participial circumstantials; the genitive absolute and the dative participle are the most syntactically delicate parts.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	l-s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	2 νεανίσκοι	det	high
2	νεανίσκοι	νεανίσκος	NOUN	n-p---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 διεξήλαυνον	nsubj	high
3	δὲ	δέ	PART	g--------	_	8 διεξήλαυνον	discourse	high
4	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	c--------	_	6 ἀνεμίχθησαν	mark	high	Introduces temporal clause.
5	ἅπαξ	ἅπαξ	ADV	d--------	_	6 ἀνεμίχθησαν	advmod	high
6	ἀνεμίχθησαν	ἀναμίγνυμι	VERB	v-2aip3p-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	8 διεξήλαυνον	advcl	high
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀνεμίχθησαν	punct	high
8	διεξήλαυνον	διεξείλω	VERB	v-iaia3p-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Finite main verb; imperfect form, lemma somewhat uncertain.
9	διὰ	διά	ADP	r--------	_	10 πάντων	case	high
10	πάντων	πᾶς	DET	a-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	8 διεξήλαυνον	obl	medium	Likely substantive use with διά; gender is inferred.
11	παίοντες	παίω	VERB	v-papamn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 διεξήλαυνον	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle.
12	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	l-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	13 δόρασι	det	medium	Dative plural article with instrument noun; gender uncertain.
13	δόρασι	δόρυ	NOUN	n-p---nd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 παίοντες	obl	high	Instrumental dative.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 διεξήλαυνον	punct	high
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	19 ἀποχωροῦσιν	cc	high
16	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	d--------	_	19 ἀποχωροῦσιν	advmod	high
17	κειμένων	κεῖμαι	VERB	v-pppgmn-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	19 ἀποχωροῦσιν	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
18	πολλῶν	πολύς	ADJ	a-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 κειμένων	amod	high
19	ἀποχωροῦσιν	ἀποχωρέω	VERB	v-papamd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 διεξήλαυνον	advcl	high	Dative participle, likely dependent on an implied dative with the genitive absolute.
20	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	r--------	_	21 Ἀνδανίαν	case	high
21	Ἀνδανίαν	Ἀνδανία	PROPN	n-s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἀποχωροῦσιν	obl	high
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἀποχωροῦσιν	punct	high
23	καθυβρίσαντες	καθυβρίζω	VERB	v-papamn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	8 διεξήλαυνον	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle.
24	τῶν	ὁ	DET	l-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	25 Διοσκούρων	det	high
25	Διοσκούρων	Διόσκουροι	PROPN	n-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 καθυβρίσαντες	obl	high	Object of the insulting/cursing notion; genitive governed by verb/verb phrase.
26	τῇ	ὁ	DET	l-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	27 θυσίᾳ	det	high
27	θυσίᾳ	θυσία	NOUN	n-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 καθυβρίσαντες	obl	high	Dative of respect/means: 'with/by the sacrifice'.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 διεξήλαυνον	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.27.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 12
Input: 673
Output: 985
Total: 1,658

τοῦτο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν προήγαγε τοὺς Διοσκούρους ἐς τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Μεσσηνίων·

The syntax is straightforward except for τοῦτο ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, where the infinitive clause functions as the reported content of προήγαγε, with ἐμοὶ as dative of reference/experiencer.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	4 προήγαγε	obj	high	Accusative demonstrative pronoun, internal object of δοκεῖν in infinitival clause.
2	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	Pp1-S---D-	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	3 δοκεῖν	obl	high	Dative of reference/experiencer with δοκεῖν.
3	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	V--PAN---	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	4 προήγαγε	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive depending on προήγαγε.
4	προήγαγε	προάγω	VERB	V3SAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
5	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	At-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 Διοσκούρους	det	high	Article modifying Διοσκούρους.
6	Διοσκούρους	Διόσκουροι	PROPN	Ne-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 προήγαγε	obj	high	Direct object of προήγαγε.
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--	_	9 ἔχθος	case	high	Preposition governing τὸ ἔχθος.
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	At-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ἔχθος	det	high	Article modifying ἔχθος.
9	ἔχθος	ἔχθος	NOUN	Nb-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 προήγαγε	obl	high	Prepositional object of προήγαγε.
10	τὸ	ὁ	DET	At-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 Μεσσηνίων	det	high	Article modifying Μεσσηνίων.
11	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιοι	PROPN	Ne-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἔχθος	nmod	high	Genitive attributive modifier of ἔχθος.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	4 προήγαγε	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.27.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 21
Input: 763
Output: 1,539
Total: 2,302

τότε δέ, ὡς ἐδήλου τῷ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ τὸ ὄνειρον, οὐκ ἦν ἔτι τοῖς Διοσκούροις ἀκούσιος τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἡ κάθοδος.

Main clause is copular with predicate adjective ἀκούσιος; the infinitive-like sense is expressed by a nominal subject κάθοδος and dative complement τοῖς Διοσκούροις, while the initial ὡς-clause is a temporal/causal subordinate clause.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τότε	τότε	ADV	D	_	12 ἦν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
2	δέ	δέ	PART	G	_	12 ἦν	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἦν	punct	high	Punctuation.
4	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	5 ἐδήλου	mark	high	Introduces subordinate clause.
5	ἐδήλου	δηλόω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	12 ἦν	advcl	high	Finite verb of subordinate clause.
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	l-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ	det	high	Article with proper name.
7	Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ	Ἐπαμινώνδας	PROPN	n-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἐδήλου	iobj	high	Dative recipient/experiencer of the showing.
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	l-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ὄνειρον	det	high	Article.
9	ὄνειρον	ὄνειρον	NOUN	n-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἐδήλου	nsubj	medium	Likely subject of ἐδήλου in accusative with impersonal-like construction; could also be object semantically.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἦν	punct	high	Punctuation.
11	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D	_	12 ἦν	advmod	high	Negation particle.
12	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular/predicative main verb.
13	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	12 ἦν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb 'still'.
14	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	l-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 Διοσκούροις	det	high	Article with proper noun.
15	Διοσκούροις	Διόσκοροι	PROPN	n-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἀκούσιος	obl	high	Dative complement of predicate adjective.
16	ἀκούσιος	ἀκούσιος	ADJ	a-s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with ἦν; agreement with ἡ κάθοδος is irregular/attracted by sense.
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	l-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 Μεσσηνίων	det	high	Article.
18	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιοι	PROPN	n-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 κάθοδος	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of κάθοδος.
19	ἡ	ὁ	DET	l-s---fn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 κάθοδος	det	high	Article.
20	κάθοδος	κάθοδος	NOUN	n-s---fn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀκούσιος	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀκούσιος/ἦν.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἦν	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

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