Grammar parses for passage 4.26.5
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ἐν Λεύκτροις οἱ Θηβαῖοι νενικηκότες ἀγγέλους ἐς Ἰταλίαν τε καὶ Σικελίαν καὶ παρὰ τοὺς Εὐεσπερίτας ἀπέστελλον, ἔκ τε τῆς ἄλλης, εἴ πού τις Μεσσηνίων εἴη, πανταχόθεν ἀνεκάλουν ἐς Πελοπόννησον.
The participle νενικηκότες is circumstantial with οἱ Θηβαῖοι; ἔκ τε τῆς ἄλλης (sc. Πελοποννήσου) introduces an elliptical source phrase, while εἴη is optative in an indirect-question/embedded conditional sense after ἀνεκάλουν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 18 ἀπέστελλον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 18 ἀπέστελλον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 4 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 4 | Λεύκτροις | Λεῦκτρα | PROPN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 νενικηκότες | obl | high | Locative place name. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | |
| 6 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπέστελλον | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 7 | νενικηκότες | νικάω | VERB | V-RPAPNM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἀπέστελλον | advcl | high | Circumstantial perfect participle. |
| 8 | ἀγγέλους | ἄγγελος | NOUN | N-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀπέστελλον | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 10 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | |
| 10 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀγγέλους | obl | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G- | _ | 10 Ἰταλίαν | cc | high | First member of correlative coordination. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 10 Ἰταλίαν | cc | high | |
| 13 | Σικελίαν | Σικελία | PROPN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀγγέλους | conj | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 17 Εὐεσπερίτας | cc | high | |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 17 Εὐεσπερίτας | case | high | παρά with accusative: toward/to the Euesperitae. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Εὐεσπερίτας | det | high | |
| 17 | Εὐεσπερίτας | Εὐεσπερῖται | PROPN | N-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀγγέλους | obl | high | Ethnic name, accusative plural. |
| 18 | ἀπέστελλον | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-IAIA3P- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 23 ἄλλης | case | high | |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G- | _ | 23 ἄλλης | cc | high | Coordinates the elliptical phrase with the following source phrase. |
| 22 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἄλλης | det | high | |
| 23 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἀνεκάλουν | obl | medium | Substantivized; noun such as χώρα or Πελοπόννησος is ellipted. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high | |
| 25 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | C- | _ | 29 εἴη | mark | medium | Introduces embedded conditional/indirect-question material. |
| 26 | πού | πού | ADV | D- | PronType=Ind | 29 εἴη | advmod | high | Indefinite particle/adverb, ‘somewhere/possibly’. |
| 27 | τις | τις | PRON | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 29 εἴη | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-P---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 τις | nmod | high | Ethnic noun/adjective used substantively. |
| 29 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | V-APA-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 32 ἀνεκάλουν | ccomp | medium | Present optative; exact scope of εἰ is syntactically elliptical. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 εἴη | punct | high | |
| 31 | πανταχόθεν | πανταχόθεν | ADV | D- | _ | 32 ἀνεκάλουν | advmod | high | |
| 32 | ἀνεκάλουν | ἀνακαλέω | VERB | V-IAIA3P- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἀπέστελλον | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπέστελλον; subject is οἱ Θηβαῖοι. |
| 33 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 34 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 34 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἀνεκάλουν | obl | high | Goal of recalling. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀπέστελλον | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ θᾶσσον ἢ ὡς ἄν τις ἤλπισε συνελέχθησαν γῆς τε τῆς πατρίδος πόθῳ καὶ διὰ τὸ ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους μῖσος παραμεῖναν ἀεί σφισιν.
The main clause is straightforward, but the transmitted sequence παραμεῖναν ἀεί σφισιν is syntactically difficult; it is treated as an infinitival circumstantial adjunct with dative association, while ἤλπισε is analyzed as the potential comparison verb despite its indicative-looking form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art.Nom.Masc.Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συνελέχθησαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, subject of συνελέχθησαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 συνελέχθησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | θᾶσσον | θᾶσσον | ADV | Adv.Comp | Degree=Cmp | 9 συνελέχθησαν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, modified by the following ἤ-clause. |
| 4 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἤλπισε | mark | medium | Introduces comparative subordinate clause. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἤλπισε | mark | high | Introduces the manner/comparison clause. |
| 6 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | Part | Mood=Sub | 8 ἤλπισε | advmod | high | Modal particle with the aorist optative. |
| 7 | τις | τις | PRON | Pron.Nom.Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 ἤλπισε | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἤλπισε | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-Aor-A-Opt-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 θᾶσσον | advcl | medium | Aorist indicative-form spelling is interpreted as a potential aorist; syntax requires the comparison clause. |
| 9 | συνελέχθησαν | συλλέγω | VERB | V-Aor-Pas-Ind-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 10 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-Gen-F-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πόθῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πόθῳ. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 γῆς | cc | high | Correlative enclitic, linking the genitive phrase with the following καί phrase. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art.Gen.Fem.Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πατρίδος | det | high | |
| 13 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N-Gen-F-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 γῆς | nmod | high | Appositional/attributive genitive phrase with γῆς. |
| 14 | πόθῳ | πόθος | NOUN | N-Dat-M-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 συνελέχθησαν | obl | high | Dative of cause or motive. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 παραμεῖναν | cc | high | Coordinates the second causal adjunct. |
| 16 | διὰ | διά | ADP | Prep+Acc | _ | 20 μῖσος | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ ... μῖσος. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Neut.Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 μῖσος | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep+Acc | _ | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | PropN-Acc-Masc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 μῖσος | nmod | high | Object of εἰς/ἐς within the noun phrase. |
| 20 | μῖσος | μῖσος | NOUN | N-Acc-Neut-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 παραμεῖναν | obl | high | Object of διά, expressing cause. |
| 21 | παραμεῖναν | παραμένω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 συνελέχθησαν | advcl | medium | Aorist infinitive, likely complementary or circumstantial; the transmitted form and attachment are syntactically difficult. |
| 22 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | Adv | _ | 21 παραμεῖναν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying παραμεῖναν. |
| 23 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pron.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 παραμεῖναν | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, probably referring to the subject and associated with παραμεῖναν. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 συνελέχθησαν | punct | high |