Grammar parses for passage 4.27.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπαμινώνδας δέ, ὥς οἱ τὸ χωρίον, ἔνθα νῦν ἔχουσιν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τὴν πόλιν, μάλιστα ἐς οἰκισμὸν ἐφαίνετο ἐπιτήδειον, ἐκέλευεν ἀνασκοπεῖσθαι τοῖς μάντεσιν, εἴ οἱ βουλήσεται ταύτῃ καὶ τὰ τῶν θεῶν ἐπιχωρῆσαι.
Main clause with participial/relative time clause and embedded indirect discourse; several pronoun/reference points are ambiguous, especially οἱ and the infinitival phrase with εἴ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐκέλευεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκέλευεν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | Part | _ | 1 Ἐπαμινώνδας | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἐπαμινώνδας | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἐφαίνετο | mark | medium | Introduces causal/comparative clause; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὅς | PRON | Ptcl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Rel | 20 ἐφαίνετο | obl | low | Likely dative pronoun referring to Epaminondas, but text is difficult; taken with τὸ χωρίον as dat. of relation/advantage. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 χωρίον | det | high | Article with χωρίον. |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὥς | obl | medium | Object of ὥς-clause reference; relation approximate. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 χωρίον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D | _ | 11 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | Relative adverb modifying ἔχουσιν. |
| 10 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D | _ | 11 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔχουσιν. |
| 11 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 χωρίον | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying χωρίον. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 13 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-PM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχουσιν. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πόλιν | det | high | Article with πόλιν. |
| 15 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | Object of ἔχουσιν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔχουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 20 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | Degree modifier of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | Case=Acc | 19 οἰκισμὸν | case | high | Preposition governing οἰκισμὸν. |
| 19 | οἰκισμὸν | οἰκισμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐφαίνετο | obl | high | Complement of ἐφαίνετο with ἐς. |
| 20 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 23 ἐκέλευεν | ccomp | high | Complement clause governed by ἐκέλευεν. |
| 21 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἐφαίνετο, agreeing neuter singular; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 24 | ἀνασκοπεῖσθαι | ἀνασκοπέω | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 23 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of κελεύω. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 μάντεσιν | det | high | Article with μάντεσιν. |
| 26 | μάντεσιν | μάντις | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀνασκοπεῖσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement/agent-like with infinitive. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀνασκοπεῖσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 30 βουλήσεται | mark | high | Introduces conditional/indirect question clause. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὅς | PRON | Pp3 | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 30 βουλήσεται | iobj | low | Likely dative indirect object 'to him' with βουλήσεται. |
| 30 | βουλήσεται | βούλομαι | VERB | V-FMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 24 ἀνασκοπεῖσθαι | ccomp | medium | Content clause dependent on ἀνασκοπεῖσθαι; future indicative in indirect discourse. |
| 31 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-FSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 36 ἐπιχωρῆσαι | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial/dative of means or place with ἐπιχωρῆσαι. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Co | _ | 33 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 33 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 36 ἐπιχωρῆσαι | det | high | Article with θεῶν. |
| 34 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 θεῶν | det | high | Article with θεῶν. |
| 35 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τὰ; partitive/possessive sense. |
| 36 | ἐπιχωρῆσαι | ἐπιχωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 βουλήσεται | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement within the εἴ-clause/indirect discourse. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
φαμένων δὲ καὶ τούτων εἶναι τὰ ἱερὰ αἴσια, οὕτω παρεσκευάζετο ἐς τὸν οἰκισμόν, λίθους τε ἄγεσθαι κελεύων καὶ ἄνδρας μεταπεμπόμενος, οἷς τέχνη στενωποὺς κατατέμνεσθαι καὶ οἰκίας καὶ ἱερὰ οἰκοδομεῖσθαι καὶ τείχη περιβάλλεσθαι.
Participial construction with genitive absolute at the start; main finite verb παρεσκευάζετο governs several infinitival purpose/complement clauses introduced by κελεύων and μεταπεμπόμενος, with a dative relative οἷς linking the list of infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαμένων | φημί | VERB | PAPMPG | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | advcl | high | Genitive plural participle, genitive absolute with implied subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 τούτων | cc | high | Coordinates with τούτων. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PDMPGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 φαμένων | obj | medium | Dependence within infinitival clause; genitive with εἶναι. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | PANA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 φαμένων | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement in indirect statement. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ART | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἱερὰ | det | high | Article with subject of εἶναι. |
| 7 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Predicate noun/adjective in indirect statement. |
| 8 | αἴσια | αἴσιος | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with εἶναι; could be analyzed as complement of ἱερὰ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D | _ | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | advmod | high | Sentence adverb. |
| 11 | παρεσκευάζετο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V3SIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 14 οἰκισμόν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ART | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 οἰκισμόν | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | οἰκισμόν | οἰκισμός | NOUN | N-SM-SA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | obl | high | Goal/direction phrase with ἐς. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | λίθους | λίθος | NOUN | N-PM-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἄγεσθαι | obj | high | Object of infinitive ἄγεσθαι. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 16 λίθους | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 18 | ἄγεσθαι | ἄγω | VERB | V--PNE--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 19 κελεύων | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive governed by κελεύων. |
| 19 | κελεύων | κελεύω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 μεταπεμπόμενος | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 21 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-PM-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 μεταπεμπόμενος | obj | high | Object of μεταπεμπόμενος. |
| 22 | μεταπεμπόμενος | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | advcl | high | Coordinated participle modifying παρεσκευάζετο. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | RR-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 25 τέχνη | obl | high | Dative relative pronoun referring to the summoned men. |
| 25 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | N-SF-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κατατέμνεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Subject of the passive infinitive κατατέμνεσθαι; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 26 | στενωποὺς | στενωπός | NOUN | N-PA-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κατατέμνεσθαι | obj | high | Object of κατατέμνεσθαι. |
| 27 | κατατέμνεσθαι | κατατέμνω | VERB | V--PNE--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 οἷς | acl:relcl | high | Infinitive in relative clause governed by οἷς. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 κατατέμνεσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitives. |
| 29 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N-PA-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 οἰκοδομεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object of οἰκοδομεῖσθαι. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 οἰκίας | cc | high | Coordinates objects/clauses. |
| 31 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-PA-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 οἰκοδομεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object of οἰκοδομεῖσθαι. |
| 32 | οἰκοδομεῖσθαι | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V--PNE--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 οἷς | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive in the relative clause. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 32 οἰκοδομεῖσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the final infinitive. |
| 34 | τείχη | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-PA-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 περιβάλλεσθαι | obj | high | Object of περιβάλλεσθαι. |
| 35 | περιβάλλεσθαι | περιβάλλω | VERB | V--PNE--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 οἷς | conj | high | Final coordinated infinitive. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρεσκευάζετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |