Grammar parses for passage 4.28.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ ἀποθανόντος καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων πόλεμον δεύτερον τότε ἀνῃρημένων πρὸς Μακεδόνας, μετέσχον καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τοῦ πολέμου, καθὰ καὶ πρότερον ἐδήλωσα ἐν τῇ Ἀτθίδι συγγραφῇ.
Two coordinated genitive absolute clauses set the time/background: Alexander having died and the Greeks having then been defeated in a second war against the Macedonians. μετέσχον governs genitive τοῦ πολέμου; καθὰ introduces the retrospective comparison, with ἐδήλωσα as its verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-subject of the first genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀποθανόντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--GSA--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 μετέσχον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle, with Ἀλεξάνδρου as subject. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀνῃρημένων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive absolute participles. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνῃρημένων | nsubj | high | Genitive-subject of the second genitive absolute. |
| 7 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνῃρημένων | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀνῃρημένων. |
| 8 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A--ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πόλεμον | amod | high | Modifies πόλεμον. |
| 9 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἀνῃρημένων | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 10 | ἀνῃρημένων | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-RPGPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 ἀποθανόντος | conj | medium | Second genitive-absolute participle; perfect passive, 'having been defeated/destroyed'. |
| 11 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Μακεδόνας | case | high | |
| 12 | Μακεδόνας | Μακεδών | PROPN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνῃρημένων | obl | high | With πρός, indicating the opposing party. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 μετέσχον | punct | high | |
| 14 | μετέσχον | μετέχω | VERB | V--AAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; first-person plural subject is understood. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | Focus/conjunction introducing the subject. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 17 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 μετέσχον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name functioning substantivally as the explicit subject. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 19 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μετέσχον | obj | high | Genitive object selected by μετέχω. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 καθὰ | punct | high | |
| 21 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 24 ἐδήλωσα | mark | high | Comparative/subordinating conjunction, 'as'. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 πρότερον | cc | high | Coordinates πρότερον with the comparative construction; emphatic 'also'. |
| 23 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 24 ἐδήλωσα | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, 'earlier/before'. |
| 24 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 μετέσχον | advcl | high | Finite verb of the καθὰ clause; subject is understood first-person singular. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 συγγραφῇ | case | high | |
| 26 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ἀτθίδι | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἀτθίδι | Ἀτθίς | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 συγγραφῇ | nmod | high | Title/name of the work, in apposition-like relation to συγγραφῇ. |
| 28 | συγγραφῇ | συγγραφή | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐδήλωσα | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν, 'in the Atthis history'. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 μετέσχον | punct | high |
Γαλάταις δὲ μεθʼ Ἑλλήνων οὐκ ἐμαχέσαντο, Κλεωνύμου καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων σπείσασθαι σπονδάς σφισιν οὐ θελησάντων.
The final genitive absolute expresses that Cleonymus and the Lacedaemonians did not wish to make a truce with the Galatians; μεθʼ Ἑλλήνων is the prepositional complement of μάχομαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | cc | high | Postpositive adversative connective. |
| 3 | μεθʼ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Elided form of μετά. |
| 4 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετά. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | Negates the finite verb. |
| 6 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-API-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle, 3rd plural; deponent verb. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | punct | high | |
| 8 | Κλεωνύμου | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 θελησάντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Λακεδαιμονίων | cc | high | |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Κλεωνύμου | conj | high | Coordinated genitive subject. |
| 11 | σπείσασθαι | σπένδω | VERB | V-ANM | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 θελησάντων | xcomp | medium | Aorist middle infinitive, complementary to θελησάντων. |
| 12 | σπονδάς | σπονδή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 σπείσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 σπείσασθαι | iobj | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun, dative recipient. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 θελησάντων | advmod | high | Negates θελησάντων. |
| 15 | θελησάντων | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-APGPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | advcl | high | Aorist active genitive participle in a genitive absolute; governs the infinitive. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐμαχέσαντο | punct | high |