Grammar parses for passage 4.28.2
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσήνιοι δὲ αὐτοί τε μετὰ Ἀργείων καὶ Ἀρκάδων ἀντεῖχον τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ Ἀθηναίων ἀμῦναί σφισιν ἐδεήθησαν·
Main clause with coordinated subject and a dependent infinitival clause after ἐδεήθησαν; μετὰ Ἀργείων καὶ Ἀρκάδων modifies the first finite verb, and ἀμῦναί is complementary to the request verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιοι | PROPN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀντεῖχον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀντεῖχον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἀντεῖχον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 1 Μεσσήνιοι | appos | medium | Likely intensive/appositional with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Μεσσήνιοι | advmod | medium | Correlative particle, loosely attached. |
| 5 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen | 9 ἀντεῖχον | obl | high | Introduces accompanying group. |
| 6 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 μετὰ | obj | high | Object of μετά. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Ἀργείων | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀργείων and Ἀρκάδων. |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἀργείων | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive complement of μετά. |
| 9 | ἀντεῖχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 πολέμῳ | det | high | Article with πολέμῳ. |
| 11 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀντεῖχον | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with ἀντεῖχον. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐδεήθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates two clauses or coordinated complements. |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐδεήθησαν | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐδεήθησαν in genitive after δέομαι. |
| 14 | ἀμῦναί | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-AN-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐδεήθησαν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ἐδεήθησαν. |
| 15 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---PD- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 14 ἀμῦναί | iobj | high | Dative beneficiary/object of the infinitive. |
| 16 | ἐδεήθησαν | δέομαι | VERB | V-AIP-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 9 ἀντεῖχον | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀντεῖχον. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντεῖχον | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ἐς μὲν τὴν Λακωνικὴν οὔποτε μετὰ ἐκείνων ἐσβαλεῖν ἔφασαν, ἀρχόντων δὲ Λακεδαιμονίων πολέμου καὶ ἐπιστρατευόντων τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ παρέσεσθαι καὶ αὐτοί σφισιν ἐπηγγέλλοντο.
Two main clauses are coordinated at the discourse level: ἔφασαν and ἐπηγγέλλοντο; the middle genitive-absolute section is attached to the second clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔφασαν | nsubj | high | Article used substantively, subject of ἔφασαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Λακωνικὴν | case | high | Preposition governing Λακωνικὴν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Λακωνικὴν | det | high | Article modifying Λακωνικὴν. |
| 6 | Λακωνικὴν | Λακωνικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐσβαλεῖν | obl | high | Accusative object of motion with ἐς. |
| 7 | οὔποτε | οὔποτε | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔφασαν. |
| 8 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 9 ἐκείνων | case | high | Preposition with genitive ἐκείνων. |
| 9 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐσβαλεῖν | obl | high | Object of μετὰ. |
| 10 | ἐσβαλεῖν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ἔφασαν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of φημί. |
| 11 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἀρχόντων | ἄρχων | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 παρέσεσθαι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; participial form from ἄρχω, functioning with ἐπιστρατευόντων. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 παρέσεσθαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀρχόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 16 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχόντων | obj | medium | Likely dependent within genitive absolute; exact relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἐπιστρατευόντων | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 18 | ἐπιστρατευόντων | ἐπιστρατεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 παρέσεσθαι | advcl | high | Second participle in the genitive absolute. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίᾳ. |
| 20 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπιστρατευόντων | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπιστρατεύω. |
| 21 | παρέσεσθαι | πάρειμι | VERB | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | xcomp | high | Future infinitive complement of ἐπηγγέλλοντο. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 αὐτοί | cc | high | Coordinates with αὐτοί. |
| 23 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπηγγέλλοντο. |
| 24 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 25 | ἐπηγγέλλοντο | ἐπαγγέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; coordinated loosely with ἔφασαν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τέλος δὲ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι Φιλίππῳ σύμμαχοι τῷ Ἀμύντου καὶ Μακεδόσιν ἐγένοντο, καὶ τοῦτο σφᾶς λέγουσιν ἀποκωλῦσαι τοῦ συμβάντος τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἀγῶνος ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μὴ μετασχεῖν·
The second clause has compressed indirect discourse: λέγουσιν governs ἀποκωλῦσαι with an internal accusative subject σφᾶς and coordinated infinitives, one negated.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'finally'; could also be noun if taken as object/complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 4 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective as noun 'the Messenians'. |
| 5 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 σύμμαχοι | nmod | high | Dative with σύμμαχοι. |
| 6 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἐγένοντο. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀμύντου | det | high | Article with patronymic/genitive phrase. |
| 8 | Ἀμύντου | Ἄμυντας | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Φιλίππῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Φιλίππῳ. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 Μακεδόσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 10 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Φιλίππῳ | conj | medium | Coordinated with Φιλίππῳ; treated as proper noun for ethnicity. |
| 11 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Links to preceding clause. |
| 14 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἀποκωλῦσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀποκωλῦσαι. |
| 15 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἀποκωλῦσαι | nsubj | high | Logical subject of the infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 16 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐγένοντο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with ἐγένοντο. |
| 17 | ἀποκωλῦσαι | ἀποκωλύω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive after λέγουσιν. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 συμβάντος | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 19 | συμβάντος | συμβαίνω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἀγῶνος | acl | high | Genitive participial modifier of ἀγῶνος. |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | Article with Ἕλλησιν. |
| 21 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀγῶνος | iobj | high | Dative recipient/experiencer with συμβάντος or related genitive construction. |
| 22 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 συμβάντος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of συμβάντος. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 24 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Χαιρωνείᾳ. |
| 24 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συμβάντος | obl | high | Locative adjunct with participle phrase. |
| 25 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 26 μετασχεῖν | advmod | high | Negation of infinitive. |
| 26 | μετασχεῖν | μετέχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 ἀποκωλῦσαι | ccomp | medium | Infinitival complement within indirect statement; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |