Grammar parses for passage 4.28.2
Open translation for this passage
Μεσσήνιοι δὲ αὐτοί τε μετὰ Ἀργείων καὶ Ἀρκάδων ἀντεῖχον τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ Ἀθηναίων ἀμῦναί σφισιν ἐδεήθησαν·
The coordinated subject Μεσσήνιοι ... αὐτοί τε governs ἀντεῖχον; μετά takes genitive Ἀργείων and Ἀρκάδων. Ἀθηναίων is a genitive object/partitive genitive with ἀμῦναί, while σφισιν is the dative experiencer/addressee of ἐδεήθησαν (‘they needed/requested aid’); the infinitive is coordinated with the preceding clause as the requested action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀντεῖχον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀντεῖχον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Μεσσήνιοι | appos | high | Emphatic pronoun referring to Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 αὐτοί | cc | high | Correlative τε coordinating with later καί. |
| 5 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀργείων | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀντεῖχον | obl | high | Object of μετά. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Ἀρκάδων | cc | high | Coordinates the second genitive complement of μετά. |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἀργείων | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀργείων under μετά. |
| 9 | ἀντεῖχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | V--IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πολέμῳ | det | high | |
| 11 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀντεῖχον | obl | high | Dative complement of ἀντέχω. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐδεήθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second verbal predicate. |
| 13 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀμῦναί | obl | medium | Genitive associated with ἀμῦναί, understood as the persons whose aid was needed. |
| 14 | ἀμῦναί | ἀμύνω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἐδεήθησαν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ἐδεήθησαν. |
| 15 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 16 ἐδεήθησαν | iobj | medium | Dative of the persons for whom aid was needed; gender is syncretic/unspecified. |
| 16 | ἐδεήθησαν | δέομαι | VERB | V--API-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 9 ἀντεῖχον | conj | high | Aorist passive-form verb used in the sense ‘needed/requested’. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀντεῖχον | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἐς μὲν τὴν Λακωνικὴν οὔποτε μετὰ ἐκείνων ἐσβαλεῖν ἔφασαν, ἀρχόντων δὲ Λακεδαιμονίων πολέμου καὶ ἐπιστρατευόντων τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ παρέσεσθαι καὶ αὐτοί σφισιν ἐπηγγέλλοντο.
The sentence coordinates a denial with ἔφασαν and a positive promise with ἐπηγγέλλοντο; tokens 13–20 are best read as a genitive absolute, though πολέμου is syntactically elliptical and uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔφασαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | -------- | _ | 6 Λακωνικὴν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is token 14. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Λακωνικὴν | det | high | |
| 6 | Λακωνικὴν | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A--AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐσβαλεῖν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, governed by ἐς. |
| 7 | οὔποτε | οὔποτε | ADV | -------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἐσβαλεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | -------- | _ | 9 ἐκείνων | case | high | With genitive: 'with'. |
| 9 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | PD---G-P- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 10 ἐσβαλεῖν | obl | high | Object of μετὰ. |
| 10 | ἐσβαλεῖν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V--AN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἔφασαν | xcomp | high | Accusative-infinitive complement of ἔφασαν. |
| 11 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | V-2IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχόντων | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAPNG-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 παρέσεσθαι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, with ἄρχω understood intransitively. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἀρχόντων | cc | medium | Connective within the genitive-absolute condition. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀρχόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 16 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχόντων | obl | medium | Genitive of respect/obscure elliptical phrase; syntactically uncertain. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 ἐπιστρατευόντων | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐπιστρατευόντων | ἐπιστρατεύω | VERB | V-PAPNG-P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἀρχόντων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive-absolute participle. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ----DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | |
| 20 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπιστρατευόντων | obl | high | Dative with ἐπιστρατεύω. |
| 21 | παρέσεσθαι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-FMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | xcomp | high | Future infinitive coordinated with ἐσβαλεῖν, governed by ἐπηγγέλλοντο. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | cc | high | |
| 23 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P------NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπηγγέλλοντο; emphatic 'they themselves'. |
| 24 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---D-P-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπηγγέλλοντο | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 25 | ἐπηγγέλλοντο | ἐπαγγέλλω | VERB | V-IMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 11 ἔφασαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate after ἔφασαν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασαν | punct | high |
τέλος δὲ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι Φιλίππῳ σύμμαχοι τῷ Ἀμύντου καὶ Μακεδόσιν ἐγένοντο, καὶ τοῦτο σφᾶς λέγουσιν ἀποκωλῦσαι τοῦ συμβάντος τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἀγῶνος ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μὴ μετασχεῖν·
The first clause has Μεσσήνιοι as subject and σύμμαχοι as predicative complement of ἐγένοντο, with Φιλίππῳ and τῷ Ἀμύντου coordinated/double-dative association; τοῦτο is the object of λέγουσιν, with accusative-and-infinitive σφᾶς ἀποκωλῦσαι and a genitive construction specifying the battle they were prevented from joining. The precise attachment of τοῦ συμβάντος is somewhat compressed; it is treated as an attributive genitive participle modifying ἀγῶνος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial τέλος, ‘at last/finally’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with the substantivized ethnic name. |
| 4 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper noun functioning as the subject. |
| 5 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-----MD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένοντο | obl | medium | Dative of alliance/association with ἐγένοντο. |
| 6 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | ADJ | A-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective, ‘allied’. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-----MD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀμύντου | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀμύντου | Ἄμυντος | PROPN | N-----MG-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Φιλίππῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive patronymic/identifying modifier of Φιλίππῳ: Philip, son of Amyntas. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 10 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-----MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Dative plural coordinated with Φιλίππῳ, ‘with the Macedonians’. |
| 11 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3I---MN-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 14 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Object of λέγουσιν, referring to the preceding circumstance. |
| 15 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P---4A-P | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 ἀποκωλῦσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 16 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V3PΑI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐγένοντο | conj | high | |
| 17 | ἀποκωλῦσαι | ἀποκωλύω | VERB | V--AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement in reported speech. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-----MG-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 συμβάντος | det | high | |
| 19 | συμβάντος | συμβαίνω | VERB | V--AAPMG-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 22 ἀγῶνος | amod | medium | Attributive genitive participle, ‘that occurred’; compressed genitive construction. |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-----MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-----MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 συμβάντος | obl | medium | Dative with συμβάντος: the event occurring to/among the Greeks. |
| 22 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-----MG-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 μετασχεῖν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on μετασχεῖν, ‘to take part in the contest’; modified by συμβάντος. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 24 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N-----FD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀγῶνος | nmod | high | Locative phrase, ‘at Chaeronea’. |
| 25 | μὴ | μή | PART | ป | Polarity=Neg | 26 μετασχεῖν | advmod | high | Negative particle with the infinitive. |
| 26 | μετασχεῖν | μετέχω | VERB | V--AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἀποκωλῦσαι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive: not to participate in the battle. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐναντία θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα ἠθέλησαν.
The negative coordination οὐ μὴν οὐδέ scopes over ἠθέλησαν; θέσθαι is its infinitival complement, with τὰ ὅπλα as its object and ἐναντία as a predicative/object complement meaning ‘against/opposed to the Greeks’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἠθέλησαν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὴν | μήν | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἠθέλησαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἠθέλησαν | cc | high | Correlative/additive negative conjunction. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DP-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N---DP-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐναντία | obl | high | Dative of opposition/against with ἐναντία. |
| 6 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 θέσθαι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘things contrary/opposed’. |
| 7 | θέσθαι | τίθημι | VERB | V--AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ἠθέλησαν | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, ‘to take/lay’ (arms). |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὅπλα | det | high | |
| 9 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 θέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of θέσθαι. |
| 10 | ἠθέλησαν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠθέλησαν | punct | high |