Grammar parses for passage 4.28.5
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου ῥᾷον ἔτι ἔμελλον ἀπεχθήσεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, οἷς γε καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ἕνεκα διέστη τὰ βουλεύματα, καὶ ἐς ἔμφυλον προῆλθον πόλεμον.
The sentence has a prospective infinitive after ἔμελλον and a coordinated aorist clause; οἷς is taken as a relative dative referring to the opposing parties, though its antecedent is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔμελλον | nsubj | high | Substantivized article/pronoun, subject of ἔμελλον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 τούτου | case | high | |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ῥᾷον | obl | medium | Genitive with ἀπό; phrase modifies the ensuing development. |
| 5 | ῥᾷον | ῥᾴδιος | ADV | A-NAM | Degree=Cmp | 7 ἔμελλον | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite auxiliary governing the complementary infinitive. |
| 8 | ἀπεχθήσεσθαι | ἀπεχθάνομαι | VERB | V-FMI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Med | 7 ἔμελλον | xcomp | medium | Future middle infinitive, complementary to ἔμελλον; subject is controlled by τὸ. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἀλλήλους | case | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | PX-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπεχθήσεσθαι | obl | high | πρός with accusative marks reciprocal opposition. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | punct | high | |
| 12 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | PR-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 διέστη | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely referring to the parties just mentioned. |
| 13 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 12 οἷς | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 διέστη | cc | high | |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἕνεκα | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἕνεκα. |
| 16 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 διέστη | case | high | Postpositive causal preposition. |
| 17 | διέστη | διίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 προῆλθον | advcl | medium | Aorist clause explaining the division; singular subject is τὰ βουλεύματα. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 βουλεύματα | det | high | |
| 19 | βουλεύματα | βούλευμα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 διέστη | nsubj | high | Neuter plural with singular verb. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 διέστη | punct | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 προῆλθον | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 23 | ἔμφυλον | ἔμφυλος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πόλεμον | amod | high | |
| 24 | προῆλθον | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔμελλον | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate with ἔμελλον. |
| 25 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 προῆλθον | obl | high | Accusative goal/object with προῆλθον, within ἐς phrase. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προῆλθον | punct | high |
πυνθανόμενοι δὲ ταῦτα οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς Ἠλείων τοῖς φρονοῦσι τὰ σφέτερα ἀμυνοῦντες.
The participle πυνθανόμενοι is circumstantial with the nominative subject οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι; ὡς introduces the intended campaign/hostile purpose, with Ἠλείων dependent on the substantivized dative τοῖς φρονοῦσι and ἀμυνοῦντες coordinated in purpose with παρεσκευάζοντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πυνθανόμενοι | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 παρεσκευάζοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 παρεσκευάζοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 πυνθανόμενοι | obj | high | Object of πυνθανόμενοι. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παρεσκευάζοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | παρεσκευάζοντο | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀμυνοῦντες | mark | medium | Purpose/intention marker; the construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 8 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 φρονοῦσι | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the substantivized τοῖς φρονοῦσι, ‘those of the Eleans who...’. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 φρονοῦσι | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participle. |
| 10 | φρονοῦσι | φρονέω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀμυνοῦντες | obl | high | Substantivized dative participle, ‘those who favor their own side’; dative with ἀμύνω. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 σφέτερα | det | high | |
| 12 | σφέτερα | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 φρονοῦσι | obj | high | Substantivized possessive adjective, object of φρονοῦσι. |
| 13 | ἀμυνοῦντες | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 παρεσκευάζοντο | advcl | medium | Purpose/intended-action participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι; ὡς scopes over this phrase. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρεσκευάζοντο | punct | high |
καὶ οἱ μὲν κατὰ τέλη τε ἐτάσσοντο καὶ διενέμοντο ἐς τοὺς λόχους·
The subject is the substantivized article οἱ; κατὰ τέλη is distributive, while τε ... καί coordinates the two imperfect middle predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-N---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized article, ‘they’. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may be supplied or follow. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Government=Acc | 5 τέλη | case | high | |
| 5 | τέλη | τέλος | NOUN | N-AP---NN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | medium | κατὰ τέλη is an adverbial distributive phrase, ‘by units/divisions’. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 7 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 διενέμοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb. |
| 9 | διενέμοντο | διανέμω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | conj | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Government=Acc | 12 λόχους | case | high | |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 λόχους | det | high | |
| 12 | λόχους | λόχος | NOUN | N-AP---NM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 διενέμοντο | obl | high | Goal/distribution phrase with ἐς. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων λογάδες χίλιοι φθάνουσιν ἀφικόμενοι πρὸς τὴν Ἦλιν, σημεῖα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀσπίσι Λακωνικὰ ἔχοντες.
Main predicate φθάνουσιν takes λογάδες as subject; ἀφικόμενοι and ἔχοντες are coordinated/associated circumstantial participles with the subject. The genitive phrase τῶν Μεσσηνίων is a partitive or possessive modifier of λογάδες; σημεῖα is an accusative object of ἔχοντες, with Λακωνικά agreeing predicatively with it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 6 φθάνουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λογάδες | nmod | high | Ethnic proper-name adjective used substantivally. |
| 4 | λογάδες | λογάς | NOUN | N--NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φθάνουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | M---NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 4 λογάδες | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral agreeing with λογάδες. |
| 6 | φθάνουσιν | φθάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀφικόμενοι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 φθάνουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood as λογάδες. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἦλιν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἦλιν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἦλιν | Ἦλις | PROPN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφικόμενοι | obl | high | Accusative governed by πρός. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φθάνουσιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἀσπίσι | case | high | With dative: location on the shields. |
| 14 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T---DPF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἀσπίσι | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀσπίσι | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N--DPF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 σημεῖα | nmod | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, modifying σημεῖα. |
| 16 | Λακωνικὰ | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 σημεῖα | amod | high | Predicative/object-oriented adjective agreeing with σημεῖα. |
| 17 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 φθάνουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle, subject understood as λογάδες. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φθάνουσιν | punct | high |