Grammar parses for passage 4.28.8
Open translation for this passage
ἔτι δὲ τοὺς διὰ νεότητα ἐν τοῖς Τρωσὶν ἢ γῆρας οὐχ ὡραίους μάχεσθαι, τούτους μὲν τὸ τεῖχος φρουρεῖν ἔταξε, τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐπηυλισμένων·
ἔταξε governs two infinitival assignments: μάχεσθαι (with its accusative subject/group understood from τούτους/τοὺς) and φρουρεῖν. The final genitive absolute contrasts these men with those of military age.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 20 ἔταξε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 20 ἔταξε | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | article-Acc-Masc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μάχεσθαι | obj | high | Article substantivizes the coordinated accusative participial group. |
| 4 | διὰ | διά | ADP | Preposition | _ | 5 νεότητα | case | high | |
| 5 | νεότητα | νεότης | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Fem-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὡραίους | obl | high | Cause with διά. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Preposition | _ | 8 Τρωσὶν | case | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | article-Dat-Masc-Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Τρωσὶν | det | high | |
| 8 | Τρωσὶν | Τρῶς | PROPN | ProperNoun-Dat-Masc-Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὡραίους | obl | high | Locative/social context: among the Trojans. |
| 9 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 10 γῆρας | cc | high | |
| 10 | γῆρας | γῆρας | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Neut-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ὡραίους | obl | high | Coordinated causal phrase with διά understood. |
| 11 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | Adverb | Polarity=Neg | 12 ὡραίους | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ὡραίους | ὡραῖος | ADJ | Adjective-Acc-Masc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μάχεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with μάχεσθαι. |
| 13 | μάχεσθαι | μάχομαι | VERB | Verb-Pres-Mid/Pass-Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 20 ἔταξε | ccomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἔταξε; τοὺς ὡραίους μάχεσθαι is the understood assignment. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔταξε | punct | high | |
| 15 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Demonstrative-Acc-Masc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 φρουρεῖν | obj | high | Resumptive accusative object of φρουρεῖν. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 15 τούτους | discourse | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-Acc-Neut-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 18 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Neut-Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 φρουρεῖν | obj | high | |
| 19 | φρουρεῖν | φρουρέω | VERB | Verb-Pres-Act-Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 ἔταξε | xcomp | high | Second infinitive expressing the task ordered. |
| 20 | ἔταξε | τάσσω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sing | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔταξε | punct | high | |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-Gen-Masc-Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐπηυλισμένων | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Preposition | _ | 24 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | Noun-Dat-Fem-Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπηυλισμένων | obl | high | ἐν ἡλικίᾳ: of military age. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | article-Dat-Masc-Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | ProperNoun-Dat-Masc-Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐπηυλισμένων | obl | high | Dative with ἐπηυλισμένων: encamped against/among the Greeks. |
| 27 | ἐπηυλισμένων | ἐπαυλίζομαι | VERB | Verb-Perf-Mid/Pass-Part-Gen-Masc-Plur | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 20 ἔταξε | acl | medium | Genitive absolute, referring to those of military age; perfect participle of ἐπαυλίζομαι. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔταξε | punct | high |
Ἑλλήνων δὲ οἱ τὰ τραύματα ἔχοντες ὁπλίζουσιν αὐτῷ τὸ μάχιμον, ἵνα μηδὲ αὐτοὶ παντάπασιν ἀργοῖεν.
Main clause: οἱ τὰ τραύματα ἔχοντες is the subject of ὁπλίζουσιν, with τὸ μάχιμον as object and αὐτῷ as dative of advantage/reference; ἵνα introduces a final clause with μηδὲ αὐτοὶ as subject and ἀργοῖεν as optative after a past-tense governing context (oblique/iterative nuance), though the exact mood motivation is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive: ‘of the Greeks’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle with ἔχοντες. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 τραύματα | det | high | Article agreeing with τραύματα. |
| 5 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχοντες | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντες. |
| 6 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantival participle, subject of ὁπλίζουσιν. |
| 7 | ὁπλίζουσιν | ὁπλίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative recipient or dative of advantage; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μάχιμον | det | high | Article agreeing with μάχιμον. |
| 10 | μάχιμον | μάχιμος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, object of ὁπλίζουσιν: the fighting force. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἵνα | ἵνα | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀργοῖεν | mark | high | Final subordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | Negative additive connective, ‘nor/not even’. |
| 14 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Int | 16 ἀργοῖεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject, ‘they themselves’. |
| 15 | παντάπασιν | παντάπασι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀργοῖεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀργοῖεν, ‘altogether/completely’. |
| 16 | ἀργοῖεν | ἀργέω | VERB | V-PAO-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | advcl | medium | Final-clause optative; likely reflects oblique or past-context sequence, but the precise licensing context is uncertain. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὁπλίζουσιν | punct | high |
τὰ Ὁμήρου μὲν οὖν ὠφέλιμα ἐγένετο ἐς ἅπαντα ἀνθρώποις·
τὰ Ὁμήρου ὠφέλιμα is a substantivized neuter plural phrase, probably ‘the useful things of Homer’; ἀνθρώποις is a dative of benefit. ἐγένετο is singular despite the neuter plural subject, a common Greek usage.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὠφέλιμα | det | high | |
| 2 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | NPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὠφέλιμα | nmod | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | Polarity=Pos | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle; οὖν follows. |
| 4 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | X | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Consecutive/discourse particle. |
| 5 | ὠφέλιμα | ὠφέλιμος | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘useful things/benefits’. |
| 6 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular verb with neuter plural subject. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 8 ἅπαντα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 8 | ἅπαντα | ἅπας | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Accusative with εἰς; ‘all’. |
| 9 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of benefit/reference. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένετο | punct | high |