Grammar parses for passage 4.28.7
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι μὲν δὴ τὸ σόφισμα Ὁμήρου, φαίνονται δὲ αὐτὸ ἐν δέοντι μιμησάμενοι καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι, ἐπεὶ Πάτροκλόν γε ἐποίησεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι Ὅμηρος Ἀχιλλέως τὰ ὅπλα ἐνδύντα, καὶ ἐγγενέσθαι τε ἔφη τοῖς βαρβάροις δόξαν ὡς Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐπίοι καὶ τοὺς προτεταγμένους αὐτῶν ταραχθῆναι.
The first clause identifies Homer's stratagem; φαίνονται is a middle/passive form with οἱ Μεσσήνιοι as subject and αὐτό as object, while the ἐπεί clause contains an accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by ἔφη. The exact attachment of ἐν δέοντι is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 σόφισμα | cop | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 σόφισμα | det | high | |
| 5 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 φαίνονται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σόφισμα | nmod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | punct | high | |
| 8 | φαίνονται | φαίνω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form can be middle/passive; construed here as 'they appear to have...'. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | cc | high | |
| 10 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μιμησάμενοι | obj | medium | Object of μιμησάμενοι. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 δέοντι | case | high | |
| 12 | δέοντι | δέον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μιμησάμενοι | obl | low | Fixed/idiomatic phrase ἐν δέοντι; syntactic sense is context-dependent. |
| 13 | μιμησάμενοι | μιμέομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 φαίνονται | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 16 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μιμησάμενοι | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 ἔφη | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 19 | Πάτροκλόν | Πάτροκλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 20 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 19 Πάτροκλόν | discourse | high | |
| 21 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 33 ἔφη | ccomp | high | |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 23 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | |
| 24 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ὅπλα | nmod | high | |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ὅπλα | det | high | |
| 27 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐνδύντα | obj | high | |
| 28 | ἐνδύντα | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 Πάτροκλόν | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Πάτροκλον; governs τὰ ὅπλα. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ἐγγενέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 31 | ἐγγενέσθαι | ἐγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 33 ἔφη | ccomp | high | |
| 32 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ἐγγενέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 33 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 φαίνονται | advcl | high | Takes coordinated infinitival complements ἐγγενέσθαι and ταραχθῆναι. |
| 34 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 35 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐγγενέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/possessor with ἐγγενέσθαι. |
| 36 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐγγενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἐγγενέσθαι. |
| 37 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 δόξαν | mark | high | Introduces content of the notion. |
| 38 | Ἀχιλλεὺς | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἐπίοι | nsubj | high | |
| 39 | ἐπίοι | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 ὡς | ccomp | medium | Optative in reported/content clause. |
| 40 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 44 ταραχθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 41 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 προτεταγμένους | det | high | |
| 42 | προτεταγμένους | προτάσσω | VERB | V-RPP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 44 ταραχθῆναι | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized participle, 'those stationed in front'. |
| 43 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 προτεταγμένους | nmod | high | |
| 44 | ταραχθῆναι | ταράσσω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 31 ἐγγενέσθαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive, with accusative subject τοὺς προτεταγμένους. |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | punct | high |
εὕρηται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα Ὁμήρῳ στρατηγήματα, δύο τε παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων κατασκόπους ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ἀνθʼ ἑνὸς ἐς τοὺς Τρῶας ἀφικέσθαι καὶ ἄνδρα ὕστερον λόγῳ μὲν αὐτόμολον, ἔργῳ δὲ τὰ ἀπόρρητα πολυπραγμονήσοντα ἐς τὸ Ἴλιον ἐσελθεῖν.
The impersonal εὕρηται governs a nominative/accusative-infinitive construction: στρατηγήματα is the understood subject of ἀφικέσθαι and ἐσελθεῖν, with κατασκόπους and ἄνδρα as their respective predicative/object-like complements; πολυπραγμονήσοντα is a future active participle modifying ἄνδρα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὕρηται | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-PIE-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 6 στρατηγήματα | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive with στρατηγήματα. |
| 5 | Ὁμήρῳ | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 6 στρατηγήματα | obl | medium | Dative of author/association. |
| 6 | στρατηγήματα | στρατήγημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 εὕρηται | obj | high | Object of εὕρηται; semantic subject of the infinitival clauses. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 στρατηγήματα | punct | high | |
| 8 | δύο | δύο | NUM | NUM-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 13 κατασκόπους | nummod | high | Quantifies κατασκόπους. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival clauses. |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 12 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 13 κατασκόπους | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 13 | κατασκόπους | κατάσκοπος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative complement/object in the infinitival clause. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 15 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 16 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 16 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | |
| 17 | ἀνθʼ | ἀντί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ἑνὸς | case | high | Elided form of ἀντί. |
| 18 | ἑνὸς | εἷς | NUM | A-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | With ἀντί: in place of one. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Τρῶας | case | high | |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 21 Τρῶας | det | high | |
| 21 | Τρῶας | Τρώς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | |
| 22 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 6 στρατηγήματα | xcomp | high | First coordinated infinitive. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | obj | high | Accusative complement/object of the second infinitive. |
| 25 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 26 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 28 αὐτόμολον | obl | high | Dative of respect/circumstance. |
| 27 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 28 αὐτόμολον | discourse | high | Correlative contrast with δέ. |
| 28 | αὐτόμολον | αὐτόμολος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 24 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Predicative adjective with ἄνδρα. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 αὐτόμολον | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἔργῳ | ἔργον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 34 πολυπραγμονήσοντα | obl | high | Dative of respect/circumstance. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 πολυπραγμονήσοντα | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 32 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 33 ἀπόρρητα | det | high | |
| 33 | ἀπόρρητα | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 34 πολυπραγμονήσοντα | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of πολυπραγμονήσοντα. |
| 34 | πολυπραγμονήσοντα | πολυπραγμονέω | VERB | V-FPAN-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 24 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Future participle modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 37 Ἴλιον | case | high | |
| 36 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 37 Ἴλιον | det | high | |
| 37 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | obl | high | |
| 38 | ἐσελθεῖν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | punct | high |