Grammar parses for passage 4.28.7
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι μὲν δὴ τὸ σόφισμα Ὁμήρου, φαίνονται δὲ αὐτὸ ἐν δέοντι μιμησάμενοι καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι, ἐπεὶ Πάτροκλόν γε ἐποίησεν ἐν Ἰλιάδι Ὅμηρος Ἀχιλλέως τὰ ὅπλα ἐνδύντα, καὶ ἐγγενέσθαι τε ἔφη τοῖς βαρβάροις δόξαν ὡς Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐπίοι καὶ τοὺς προτεταγμένους αὐτῶν ταραχθῆναι.
Main clause coordination with parenthetical δὲ/μὲν and an ἐπεὶ-clause containing an indirect statement; several infinitival/complement clauses depend on ἔφη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 σόφισμα | cop | high | Copular verb with τὸ σόφισμα as subject/predicate structure. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 σόφισμα | det | high | Article with σόφισμα. |
| 5 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 6 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σόφισμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of σόφισμα. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 σόφισμα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | φαίνονται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the second clause. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | X | _ | 8 φαίνονται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 10 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 μιμησάμενοι | obj | medium | Likely object of μιμησάμενοι; gender/form ambiguity because antecedent is neuter singular. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 12 δέοντι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | δέοντι | δέον | VERB | V-PPP-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 μιμησάμενοι | obl | high | Substantival participle with ἐν. |
| 13 | μιμησάμενοι | μιμέομαι | VERB | V-AMPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 φαίνονται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying φαίνονται. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | Coordination. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 16 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μιμησάμενοι | conj | high | Coordinated subject-like participial phrase. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | Πάτροκλόν | Πάτροκλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 20 | γε | γε | PART | X | _ | 19 Πάτροκλόν | discourse | high | Enclitic particle. |
| 21 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-3SAIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 φαίνονται | advcl | high | Causal/temporal subordinate verb introduced by ἐπεὶ. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 23 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 23 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Locative oblique dependent of ἐποίησεν. |
| 24 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 25 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐνδύντα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὅπλα/ἐνδύντα phrase, probably possessor. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ὅπλα | det | high | Article with ὅπλα. |
| 27 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐνδύντα | obj | high | Object of ἐνδύντα / related participial phrase. |
| 28 | ἐνδύντα | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with implied Patroclus; syntax slightly compressed. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 ἔφη | cc | high | Coordination. |
| 31 | ἐγγενέσθαι | ἐγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AEN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 33 ἔφη | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφη. |
| 32 | τε | τε | PART | X | _ | 31 ἐγγενέσθαι | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 33 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-3SIIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 φαίνονται | advcl | high | Main verb of indirect statement. |
| 34 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 βαρβάροις | det | high | Article with βαρβάροις. |
| 35 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἔφη | iobj | high | Indirect object of ἔφη / recipient in indirect discourse. |
| 36 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἔφη | obj | high | Object of ἔφη, introducing indirect statement. |
| 37 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 39 ἐπίοι | mark | high | Marker of indirect statement/content clause. |
| 38 | Ἀχιλλεὺς | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἐπίοι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπίοι. |
| 39 | ἐπίοι | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 36 δόξαν | acl | high | Optative in indirect discourse dependent on δόξαν. |
| 40 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 44 ταραχθῆναι | cc | high | Coordination. |
| 41 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 42 προτεταγμένους | det | high | Article with προτεταγμένους. |
| 42 | προτεταγμένους | προτάσσω | VERB | V-RMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 44 ταραχθῆναι | obj | high | Participle functioning substantivally with αὐτῶν. |
| 43 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 42 προτεταγμένους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on προτεταγμένους. |
| 44 | ταραχθῆναι | ταράσσω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 33 ἔφη | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of ἔφη. |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φαίνονται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
εὕρηται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα Ὁμήρῳ στρατηγήματα, δύο τε παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων κατασκόπους ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ἀνθʼ ἑνὸς ἐς τοὺς Τρῶας ἀφικέσθαι καὶ ἄνδρα ὕστερον λόγῳ μὲν αὐτόμολον, ἔργῳ δὲ τὰ ἀπόρρητα πολυπραγμονήσοντα ἐς τὸ Ἴλιον ἐσελθεῖν.
The sentence has a main perfect passive verb with two coordinated infinitival complements; several accusatives (e.g. κατασκόπους, ἄνδρα) function as subjects of the infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὕρηται | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-Perf-Mid/Pass-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | cc | high | Links the coordinated complement clauses/items. |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-Acc/Neut-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 στρατηγήματα | amod | high | Attributive modifier of στρατηγήματα. |
| 5 | Ὁμήρῳ | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 στρατηγήματα | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with στρατηγήματα. |
| 6 | στρατηγήματα | στρατήγημα | NOUN | N-Acc/Neut-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 εὕρηται | obj | high | Direct object of εὕρηται. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-Acc/Neut-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | nummod | high | Modifies the following infinitival clause understood as a unit. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 8 δύο | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective, attaching to numeral phrase. |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 13 κατασκόπους | case | high | Introduces source/agent phrase. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article with Ἑλλήνων. |
| 12 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατασκόπους | nmod | high | Dependent of κατασκόπους with παρὰ. |
| 13 | κατασκόπους | κατάσκοπος | NOUN | N-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object of the infinitive ἀφικέσθαι. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 16 νυκτὶ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 15 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ATR-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 νυκτὶ | det | high | Article with νυκτί. |
| 16 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Temporal modifier of ἀφικέσθαι. |
| 17 | ἀνθʼ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 18 ἑνὸς | case | high | Preposition governing ἑνός. |
| 18 | ἑνὸς | εἷς | NUM | M-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Phrase of substitution/comparison: instead of one. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Τρῶας | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | ATR-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 Τρῶας | det | high | Article with Τρῶας. |
| 21 | Τρῶας | Τρώς | PROPN | N-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 22 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Mid-Inf | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 εὕρηται | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of εὕρηται. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival phrase with the first. |
| 24 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of ἐσελθεῖν. |
| 25 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐσελθεῖν. |
| 26 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 αὐτόμολον | obl | high | Dative of respect/means with αὐτόμολον. |
| 27 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 28 αὐτόμολον | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 28 | αὐτόμολον | αὐτόμολος | ADJ | A-Acc-Sg-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἄνδρα | amod | medium | Predicative/appositional modifier of ἄνδρα; form also can be read substantively. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | ἔργῳ | ἔργον | NOUN | N-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 πολυπραγμονήσοντα | obl | high | Dative of respect/means. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 34 πολυπραγμονήσοντα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 32 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 33 ἀπόρρητα | det | high | Article with ἀπόρρητα. |
| 33 | ἀπόρρητα | ἄρρητος | ADJ | A-Acc/Neut-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 πολυπραγμονήσοντα | obj | high | Direct object of participle. |
| 34 | πολυπραγμονήσοντα | πολυπραγμονέω | VERB | V-Fut-Act-Part | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Participial modifier agreeing with ἄνδρα. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 37 Ἴλιον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 36 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ATR-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 Ἴλιον | det | high | Article with Ἴλιον. |
| 37 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἐσελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 38 | ἐσελθεῖν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Inf | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 εὕρηται | ccomp | high | Second infinitival complement of εὕρηται. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὕρηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |