Grammar parses for passage 4.29.11
Open translation for this passage
Δεινοκράτης δὲ δήμου τε προεστηκὼς καὶ Μεσσηνίων ἄρχειν ἐν τῷ τότε ᾑρημένος Λυκόρταν μὲν καὶ τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ στρατιὰν ἀναχωρῆσαι παρεσκεύασεν ἄπρακτον, τὰς ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν ἐκ τῆς Ἀρκαδίας παρόδους προλαβὼν τοῖς τε ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Μεσσηνίοις καὶ ὅσοι τῶν περιοίκων σφίσιν ἤμυναν·
The syntax is heavily participial: Δεινοκράτης is modified by several participles, with παρεσκεύασεν as the finite main verb and ἤμυναν coordinated as a second finite clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δεινοκράτης | Δεινοκράτης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | nsubj | high | Subject of παρεσκεύασεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 προεστηκὼς | obj | medium | Likely dependent on προεστηκὼς, 'having been leader of the people'. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | PCL | _ | 3 δήμου | cc | medium | Correlative connective; attachment uncertain. |
| 5 | προεστηκὼς | προΐστημι | VERB | V-PRAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Δεινοκράτης | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Δεινοκράτης. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 προεστηκὼς | cc | high | Links the participial predicates. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιοι | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ᾑρημένος | obj | medium | Genitive dependent on ᾑρημένος / ἄρχειν construction; relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ᾑρημένος | xcomp | high | Complement of ᾑρημένος. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 12 ᾑρημένος | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ᾑρημένος | det | high | Article with τότε. |
| 11 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 12 ᾑρημένος | obl | high | Temporal modifier in prepositional phrase. |
| 12 | ᾑρημένος | αἱρέω | VERB | V-RMP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Δεινοκράτης | acl | high | Second participial modifier of Δεινοκράτης. |
| 13 | Λυκόρταν | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | obj | high | Direct object of παρεσκεύασεν. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PCL | _ | 13 Λυκόρταν | discourse | medium | Correlative marker with later καί. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 στρατιὰν | cc | high | Coordinates Λυκόρταν and στρατιὰν. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 στρατιὰν | det | high | Article with στρατιὰν. |
| 17 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R- | _ | 19 στρατιὰν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 18 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 στρατιὰν | obl | high | Object of σὺν. |
| 19 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Λυκόρταν | conj | high | Conjunct with Λυκόρταν. |
| 20 | ἀναχωρῆσαι | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V-ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on παρεσκεύασεν. |
| 21 | παρεσκεύασεν | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 22 | ἄπρακτον | ἄπρακτος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/resultative complement with ἀναχωρῆσαι; gender/number follow implied object. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 24 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 παρόδους | det | high | Article with παρόδους. |
| 25 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R- | _ | 31 παρόδους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 Μεσσηνίαν | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίαν. |
| 27 | Μεσσηνίαν | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 παρόδους | nmod | high | Dependent of παρόδους via preposition ἐς. |
| 28 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 30 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 Ἀρκαδίας | det | high | Article with Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 30 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Μεσσηνίαν | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier inside the prepositional phrase modifying Μεσσηνίαν. |
| 31 | παρόδους | πάροδος | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 προλαβὼν | obj | high | Direct object of προλαβὼν. |
| 32 | προλαβὼν | προλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Δεινοκράτης. |
| 33 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 34 | τε | τε | PART | PCL | _ | 33 τοῖς | cc | medium | Correlative connective. |
| 35 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 37 πόλεως | case | high | Preposition. |
| 36 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 πόλεως | det | high | Article with πόλεως. |
| 37 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 Μεσσηνίοις | nmod | high | Part of prepositional phrase modifying Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 38 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 ἤμυναν | obj | medium | Dative object/recipient of ἤμυναν. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 44 ἤμυναν | cc | high | Coordinates ὅσοι with Μεσσηνίοις phrase. |
| 40 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | Pk-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 44 ἤμυναν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἤμυναν. |
| 41 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 42 περιοίκων | det | high | Article with περιοίκων. |
| 42 | περιοίκων | περίοικος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ὅσοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὅσοι. |
| 43 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 44 ἤμυναν | iobj | high | Indirect object / dative of advantage. |
| 44 | ἤμυναν | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with παρεσκεύασεν. |
| 45 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 παρεσκεύασεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |