Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.29.12

← 4.29.11 4.29.13 →

Passage 4.29.12

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

76Greek tokens

2,481input tokens

5,702output tokens

Sentence 1

4.29.12 sentence 1

Tokens: 37
Input: 959
Output: 2,740
Total: 3,699

Φιλοποίμενος δὲ σὺν ἱππεῦσιν ὀλίγοις ἀφικομένου πολὺ ὕστερον ἢ ὁ μετὰ Λυκόρτα στρατός, πυθέσθαι δὲ οὐδέν πω τῶν ἐς αὐτοὺς δεδυνημένου, νικῶσιν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι γινομένης σφίσιν ἐξ ὑπερδεξίων τῆς μάχης καὶ ζῶντα αἱροῦσι Φιλοποίμενα.

Complex genitive absolute at the start (tokens 1–13) and a second genitive absolute (27–32); πυθέσθαι is an infinitival complement/subject-like clause associated with the preceding circumstance, while νικῶσιν and αἱροῦσι are coordinated finite predicates.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φιλοποίμενος	Φιλοποίμην	PROPN	N--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀφικομένου	nsubj	high	Genitive subject of the first genitive absolute.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 νικῶσιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R--------	_	4 ἱππεῦσιν	case	high
4	ἱππεῦσιν	ἱππεύς	NOUN	N-DPI---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἀφικομένου	obl	high	Dative complement of σύν.
5	ὀλίγοις	ὀλίγος	ADJ	A-DPI---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἱππεῦσιν	amod	high
6	ἀφικομένου	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V--GDM-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	24 νικῶσιν	advcl	high	Predicate of genitive absolute.
7	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	A--------	_	8 ὕστερον	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative modifying ὕστερον.
8	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	A--------	_	6 ἀφικομένου	advmod	high	Temporal adverbial modifier.
9	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	C--------	_	13 στρατός	mark	high	Introduces the comparative clause.
10	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S---NM-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 στρατός	det	high	Article substantivizing the implied/elliptical στρατός.
11	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	12 Λυκόρτα	case	high
12	Λυκόρτα	Λυκόρτας	PROPN	N-GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 στρατός	nmod	high	Name governed by μετά here.
13	στρατός	στρατός	NOUN	N-NM-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ὕστερον	obl	medium	Comparand in the temporal comparison; syntactically linked to ὕστερον.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀφικομένου	punct	high
15	πυθέσθαι	πυνθάνομαι	VERB	V--AMN--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	24 νικῶσιν	advcl	medium	Aorist middle infinitive; construction and implicit subject are somewhat uncertain.
16	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 πυθέσθαι	cc	high	Connective within the infinitival circumstance.
17	οὐδέν	οὐδείς	PRON	P---AN-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	15 πυθέσθαι	obj	high	Accusative object of πυθέσθαι.
18	πω	πω	ADV	D--------	_	15 πυθέσθαι	advmod	high	Adverb meaning 'yet'.
19	τῶν	ὁ	DET	S---GG-P-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	22 δεδυνημένου	det	high	Article with substantivized genitive participle.
20	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	21 αὐτοὺς	case	high
21	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	P---AM-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	22 δεδυνημένου	obl	high	Goal/target complement of δεδυνημένου.
22	δεδυνημένου	δύναμαι	VERB	V-RPGN-P-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	17 οὐδέν	nmod	medium	Substantivized genitive plural participle, dependent on οὐδέν; perfect middle/passive form.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	24 νικῶσιν	punct	high
24	νικῶσιν	νικάω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated finite predicate.
25	οἱ	ὁ	DET	S---NM-P-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 Μεσσήνιοι	det	high
26	Μεσσήνιοι	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	N-NM-P-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 νικῶσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of νικῶσιν and αἱροῦσι.
27	γινομένης	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PMGF-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	24 νικῶσιν	advcl	high	Predicate of second genitive absolute.
28	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P---D--P-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	27 γινομένης	iobj	high	Dative of advantage/interest in the genitive absolute.
29	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	30 ὑπερδεξίων	case	high
30	ὑπερδεξίων	ὑπερδέξιος	ADJ	A-GPN-P-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	32 μάχης	nmod	medium	Substantivized/elliptical expression, 'from the advantageous position'; exact case analysis is uncertain.
31	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S---GF-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 μάχης	det	high
32	μάχης	μάχη	NOUN	N-GF-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 γινομένης	nsubj	high	Genitive subject of γινομένης.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	35 αἱροῦσι	cc	high	Coordinates αἱροῦσι with νικῶσιν.
34	ζῶντα	ζάω	VERB	V-PAPAM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	35 αἱροῦσι	advcl	high	Predicative participle with the object Φιλοποίμενα, 'alive'.
35	αἱροῦσι	αἱρέω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	24 νικῶσιν	conj	high	Second coordinated finite predicate.
36	Φιλοποίμενα	Φιλοποίμην	PROPN	N--AM-S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 αἱροῦσι	obj	high	Object of αἱροῦσι.
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	24 νικῶσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.29.12 sentence 2

Tokens: 20
Input: 764
Output: 1,527
Total: 2,291

τρόπον δὲ ὅντινα ὁ Φιλοποίμην ἑάλω καὶ ὡς ἐτελεύτησε, τάδε μὲν ἡμῖν καὶ ὕστερον ὁ Ἀρκαδικὸς λόγος ἐπέξεισι·

ὅντινα introduces the embedded relative clause governed by τρόπον; ὁ Ἀρκαδικὸς λόγος is the subject of ἐπέξεισι, with τάδε as its object. The middle/passive form ἑάλω is parsed as aorist passive indicative, though its lexical voice usage is somewhat idiomatic.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τρόπον	τρόπος	NOUN	N-ASM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐπέξεισι	obl	high	Accusative manner/topic expression, modified by ὅντινα.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	19 ἐπέξεισι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὅντινα	ὅστις	PRON	P-AS-M	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἑάλω	obj	medium	Relative-interrogative form agreeing with τρόπον; introduces the embedded clause.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Φιλοποίμην	det	high	Article with Φιλοποίμην.
5	Φιλοποίμην	Φιλοποίμην	PROPN	N-ASM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἑάλω	obj	high	Proper-name object of ἑάλω in the idiomatic construction.
6	ἑάλω	ἁλίσκομαι	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	19 ἐπέξεισι	acl:rel	medium	Aorist passive form used in the sense ‘was captured’; subject is implicit/understood as Φιλοποίμην.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	9 ἐτελεύτησε	cc	high	Coordinates the two embedded clauses.
8	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C	_	9 ἐτελεύτησε	mark	high	Introduces the clause describing how he died.
9	ἐτελεύτησε	τελευτάω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἑάλω	conj	high	Second coordinated verb in the relative/embedded content; subject is understood as Φιλοποίμην.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐπέξεισι	punct	high
11	τάδε	ὅδε	PRON	P-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἐπέξεισι	obj	high	Neuter plural demonstrative, object of ἐπέξεισι.
12	μὲν	μέν	PART	D	_	11 τάδε	discourse	high	Correlative particle, anticipating later discourse.
13	ἡμῖν	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=1	19 ἐπέξεισι	iobj	high	Dative of reference: ‘for us/in our account’.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	15 ὕστερον	cc	medium	Coordinates ὕστερον with the preceding temporal/discourse phrase; attachment is somewhat uncertain.
15	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	D	Degree=Cmp	19 ἐπέξεισι	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative, ‘later’.
16	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 λόγος	det	high	Article with λόγος.
17	Ἀρκαδικὸς	Ἀρκαδικός	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 λόγος	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of λόγος.
18	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	N-NSM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐπέξεισι	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπέξεισι.
19	ἐπέξεισι	ἐπέξειμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate, ‘will go on to discuss/treat’.
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐπέξεισι	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.29.12 sentence 3

Tokens: 19
Input: 758
Output: 1,435
Total: 2,193

Μεσσηνίων δὲ οἵ τε Φιλοποίμενι αἴτιοι τῆς τελευτῆς ἔδοσαν δίκας καὶ ἡ Μεσσήνη συνετέλεσεν αὖθις ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν.

The first clause is a relative/predicate-adjective construction (οἵ ... αἴτιοι) coordinated with the clause about Μεσσήνη; Μεσσηνίων is treated as a substantivized genitive plural associated with the responsible persons.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 αἴτιοι	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, genitive plural; subject of αἴτιοι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	9 ἔδοσαν	cc	high
3	οἵ	ὅς	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 αἴτιοι	nsubj	medium	Relative pronoun introducing the first coordinated clause; resumptive/relative construction with Μεσσηνίων.
4	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	3 οἵ	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
5	Φιλοποίμενι	Φιλοποίμην	PROPN	N-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 αἴτιοι	obl	high	Dative of the person affected by αἴτιοι.
6	αἴτιοι	αἴτιος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἔδοσαν	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with implicit/copular relation; governs genitive τῆς τελευτῆς.
7	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 τελευτῆς	det	high
8	τελευτῆς	τελευτή	NOUN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 αἴτιοι	nmod	high	Genitive complement of αἴτιοι: responsible for the death.
9	ἔδοσαν	δίδωμι	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist indicative; subject is the relative group οἵ ... αἴτιοι, with coordinated Μεσσήνη clause.
10	δίκας	δίκη	NOUN	N-AFP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 ἔδοσαν	obj	high	Cognate/legal object of ἔδοσαν.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	14 συνετέλεσεν	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite clause with the first.
12	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Μεσσήνη	det	high
13	Μεσσήνη	Μεσσήνη	PROPN	N-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 συνετέλεσεν	nsubj	high
14	συνετέλεσεν	συντελέω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	9 ἔδοσαν	conj	high	Aorist indicative coordinated with ἔδοσαν.
15	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	D	_	14 συνετέλεσεν	advmod	high
16	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	18 Ἀχαϊκόν	case	high
17	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 Ἀχαϊκόν	det	high
18	Ἀχαϊκόν	Ἀχαϊκός	ADJ	A-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 συνετέλεσεν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, the Achaean league/state; governed by ἐς.
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἔδοσαν	punct	high

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