Grammar parses for passage 4.29.10
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἀπηλλαγμένοις Κλεομένους ἐπανίσταται τύραννος Μαχανίδας, ἐκείνου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Νάβις ἀνέφυ σφίσιν αὖθις τύραννος·
The first participial phrase is construed as a dative-linked circumstantial clause, while ἐκείνου ἀποθανόντος is a genitive absolute; the two finite clauses are coordinated.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπανίσταται | obl | high | Dative of reference/affected party. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπανίσταται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπηλλαγμένοις | ἀπαλλάσσω | VERB | V-RMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐπανίσταται | advcl | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle, agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις; circumstantial temporal/concessive force. |
| 4 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπηλλαγμένοις | obl | high | Genitive of separation/source with ἀπηλλαγμένοις. |
| 5 | ἐπανίσταται | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-PIE-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανίσταται | nsubj | high | Predicate-like nominative/appositional subject. |
| 7 | Μαχανίδας | Μαχανίδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τύραννος | appos | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπανίσταται | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀνέφυ | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 ἀνέφυ | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with ἐκείνου. |
| 12 | Νάβις | Νάβις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνέφυ | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἀνέφυ | ἀναφύω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπανίσταται | conj | medium | Second coordinated clause; lexical analysis of ἀναφύω as ‘arose/emerged’. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 ἀνέφυ | iobj | high | Dative of relation/for them. |
| 15 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἀνέφυ | advmod | high | |
| 16 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνέφυ | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative with ἀνέφυ; alternatively appositional to Νάβις. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπανίσταται | punct | high |
ἅτε δὲ οὐ τὰ ἀνθρώπων ἀναρπάζοντι αὐτῷ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἱερὰ συλῶντι, ἐν οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ χρήματά τε ἄφθονα καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν στρατιὰ συνείλεκτο.
The opening dative participles describe the same person and lead to the main clause; συνείλεκτο is morphologically singular despite the coordinated nominal material, so agreement is textually/grammatically irregular or reflects an understood singular subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | advmod | medium | Causal/qualifying particle introducing participial circumstance. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 συνείλεκτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | advmod | high | Negates the participle. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized τὰ, ‘those/things of humans’. |
| 6 | ἀναρπάζοντι | ἀναρπάζω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 συλῶντι | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with αὐτῷ; coordinated circumstantial participle with συλῶντι. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | obl | high | Dative of reference/agent with the participle. |
| 8 | μόνον | μόνος | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘only’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 συλῶντι | cc | high | Contrasts the first participial complement with the second. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἱερὰ | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 συλῶντι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of συλῶντι. |
| 13 | συλῶντι | συλάω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 συνείλεκτο | advcl | high | Second coordinated dative circumstantial participle agreeing with αὐτῷ. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 συλῶντι | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 18 χρόνῳ | case | high | |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 17 πολλῷ | advmod | high | Part of the idiom οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ, ‘not much time’. |
| 17 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρόνῳ | amod | high | |
| 18 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 συνείλεκτο | obl | high | Temporal oblique with ἐν. |
| 19 | χρήματά | χρῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 συνείλεκτο | nsubj | high | First coordinated neuter plural subject of συνείλεκτο. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 χρήματά | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἄφθονα | ἄφθονος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 χρήματά | amod | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 στρατιὰ | cc | high | Coordinates στρατιά with χρήματα. |
| 23 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 24 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 24 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 25 στρατιὰ | nmod | high | Source genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 25 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 συνείλεκτο | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 26 | συνείλεκτο | συλλέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is singular pluperfect passive; likely attracted to στρατιά or reflecting an understood singular subject despite coordinated plural constituents. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 συνείλεκτο | punct | high |
τούτου τοῦ Νάβιδος Μεσσήνην καταλαβόντος Φιλοποίμην καὶ οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται νυκτὸς ἀφίκοντο τῆς αὐτῆς·
Genitive absolute τούτου τοῦ Νάβιδος ... καταλαβόντος sets the temporal circumstance; Φιλοποίμην is the accusative object of ἀφίκοντο, with an understood/elliptical verbal complement (likely to meet or fetch Philopoemen), and τῆς αὐτῆς modifies νυκτός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Νάβιδος | det | high | |
| 2 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Νάβιδος | det | high | |
| 3 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καταλαβόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 4 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καταλαβόντος | obj | high | Object of καταλαμβάνω. |
| 5 | καταλαβόντος | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAAM-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 6 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφίκοντο | obj | medium | Accusative associated with ἀφίκοντο; the construction is semantically elliptical, likely involving an understood purpose or accompanying action. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Μεγαλοπολῖται | cc | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | D-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Μεγαλοπολῖται | det | high | |
| 9 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 10 | νυκτὸς | νύξ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Temporal genitive, modified by τῆς αὐτῆς. |
| 11 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 αὐτῆς | det | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 νυκτὸς | amod | medium | Attributive adjective/pronominal modifier: ‘the same night’. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high |