Grammar parses for passage 4.29.10
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἀπηλλαγμένοις Κλεομένους ἐπανίσταται τύραννος Μαχανίδας, ἐκείνου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Νάβις ἀνέφυ σφίσιν αὖθις τύραννος·
Two clauses are linked by genitive absolutes; the second clause has a predicative τύραννος after ἀνέφυ, which is slightly ambiguous syntactically.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπανίσταται | obl | high | Dative plural substantive modifying the participial clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐπανίσταται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπηλλαγμένοις | ἀπαλλάσσω | VERB | V-PRMPD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐπανίσταται | advcl | high | Perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 4 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπηλλαγμένοις | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἀπηλλαγμένοις; likely objective/ablatival genitive with separation. |
| 5 | ἐπανίσταται | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-PII3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 6 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανίσταται | nsubj | high | Predicate subject of ἐπανίσταται. |
| 7 | Μαχανίδας | Μαχανίδας | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τύραννος | appos | high | Apposition to τύραννος. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπανίσταται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | D-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανόντος | obl | high | Genitive absolute with ἀποθανόντος. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἀποθανόντος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-APADG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀνέφυ | advcl | high | Participial head of genitive absolute. |
| 12 | Νάβις | Νάβις | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνέφυ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνέφυ. |
| 13 | ἀνέφυ | ἀναφύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---D- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 ἀνέφυ | obl | high | Dative of advantage/reference ('for them'). |
| 15 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἀνέφυ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνέφυ. |
| 16 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνέφυ | xcomp | medium | Predicative/secondary nominal with ἀνέφυ; analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀνέφυ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἅτε δὲ οὐ τὰ ἀνθρώπων ἀναρπάζοντι αὐτῷ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἱερὰ συλῶντι, ἐν οὐ πολλῷ χρόνῳ χρήματά τε ἄφθονα καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν στρατιὰ συνείλεκτο.
The syntax centers on a pluperfect main verb with two parallel dative participial clauses introduced by ἅτε; the final coordinated noun στρατιὰ is formally nominative but likely functions as an object in the transmitted text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | advcl | medium | Causal/comparative particle introducing participial phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 26 συνείλεκτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | advmod | high | Negation of participle. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | obj | high | Article functioning with object noun phrase. |
| 5 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with article. |
| 6 | ἀναρπάζοντι | ἀναρπάζω | VERB | Ptcp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 συνείλεκτο | advcl | high | Dative participle modifying the subject via ἅτε. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | iobj | medium | Likely ethical/associative dative with participle. |
| 8 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | advmod | medium | Could be adverbial use; form is neuter acc. sg. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀναρπάζοντι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 συλῶντι | cc | high | Adversative conjunction. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 συλῶντι | cc | high | Additive conjunction. |
| 12 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 συλῶντι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective 'sacred things'. |
| 13 | συλῶντι | συλάω | VERB | Ptcp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 συνείλεκτο | advcl | high | Parallel dative participle. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 συλῶντι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 18 χρόνῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 17 πολλῷ | advmod | high | Negation modifying ποσόν-like adjective. |
| 17 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 χρόνῳ | amod | high | Attributive adjective with χρόνῳ. |
| 18 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 συνείλεκτο | obl | high | Temporal oblique phrase. |
| 19 | χρήματά | χρῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 συνείλεκτο | obj | high | Direct object of συνείλεκτο. |
| 20 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 19 χρήματά | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 21 | ἄφθονα | ἄφθονος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 χρήματά | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying χρήματά. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 στρατιὰ | cc | high | Coordinates with προηγούμενο object. |
| 23 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 24 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition with elision. |
| 24 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 στρατιὰ | nmod | medium | Genitive object of ἀπό. |
| 25 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 συνείλεκτο | obj | medium | Likely coordinated object; nominative form may reflect syntactic anomaly in text. |
| 26 | συνείλεκτο | συνάγω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, pluperfect middle/passive in form. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 συνείλεκτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τούτου τοῦ Νάβιδος Μεσσήνην καταλαβόντος Φιλοποίμην καὶ οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται νυκτὸς ἀφίκοντο τῆς αὐτῆς·
The opening genitive absolute is straightforward; the final τῆς αὐτῆς is elliptical and best taken as a genitive time expression referring back to the same night.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | PD--GS-M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 καταλαβόντος | det | high | Modifies the following proper name in the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Νάβιδος | det | high | Article with the proper name Νάβιδος. |
| 3 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-SM-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καταλαβόντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 4 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καταλαβόντος | obj | high | Object of καταλαβόντος. |
| 5 | καταλαβόντος | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the main verb. |
| 6 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 Μεγαλοπολῖται | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Μεγαλοπολῖται | det | high | Article with Μεγαλοπολῖται. |
| 9 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Φιλοποίμην | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 10 | νυκτὸς | νύξ | NOUN | N-SF-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Temporal genitive with the motion verb. |
| 11 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 αὐτῆς | det | medium | Likely article with αὐτῆς, though the phrase is elliptical. |
| 13 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | DET | A-PG-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 11 ἀφίκοντο | obl | medium | Interpreted as part of an elliptical genitive temporal expression, 'of the same [night]'; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |