Grammar parses for passage 4.29.9
Open translation for this passage
πέφυκε δὲ ἄρα ὡς ἐπίπαν μεταπίπτειν τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, εἰ δὴ Μεσσηνίοις Ἀρκάδας τε ἀντισῶσαι καὶ τὸ ἀδοκητότερον ἔτι ἑλεῖν Σπάρτην ὁ δαίμων ἔδωκεν·
πέφυκε is impersonal in sense ‘it is by nature’; μεταπίπτειν is its complementary infinitive, with τὰ ἀνθρώπινα as accusative subject. The εἰ-clause supplies the condition/example, with Μεσσηνίοις as dative recipient, coordinated infinitives ἀντισῶσαι and ἑλεῖν, and Σπάρτην as object of ἑλεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέφυκε | φύω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal perfect, ‘is by nature’; governs the infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πέφυκε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 πέφυκε | advmod | high | Inferential particle/adverb. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἐπίπαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial marker in the idiom ὡς ἐπίπαν. |
| 5 | ἐπίπαν | ἐπίπαν | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 μεταπίπτειν | advmod | high | ‘For the most part, generally’. |
| 6 | μεταπίπτειν | μεταπίπτω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 πέφυκε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνθρώπινα | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀνθρώπινα | ἀνθρώπινος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 μεταπίπτειν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 μεταπίπτειν | punct | high | |
| 10 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἔδωκεν | mark | high | Introduces the conditional clause. |
| 11 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 24 ἔδωκεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 12 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἔδωκεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary of ἔδωκεν. |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀντισῶσαι | obj | high | Object of ἀντισῶσαι. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀντισῶσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 15 | ἀντισῶσαι | ἀντιόω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 ἔδωκεν | xcomp | medium | Rare/variant verb; infinitive coordinated with ἑλεῖν and governed by ἔδωκεν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἑλεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates infinitives. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀδοκητότερον | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀδοκητότερον | ἀδόκητος | ADJ | A-ASN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | Substantivized comparative, ‘the more unexpected thing’. |
| 19 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἀδοκητότερον | advmod | high | ‘Still, even’. |
| 20 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 ἔδωκεν | xcomp | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 21 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἑλεῖν. |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 δαίμων | det | high | |
| 23 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἔδωκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔδωκεν. |
| 24 | ἔδωκεν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πέφυκε | advcl | high | Finite verb of the εἰ-clause. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πέφυκε | punct | high |
Κλεομένει γὰρ περὶ Σελλασίαν ἐμαχέσαντο ἐναντία καὶ τὴν Σπάρτην Ἀράτῳ καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς συγκαθεῖλον.
The plural subject is implicit: the preceding context supplies the people who fought against Cleomenes and jointly overthrew Sparta; Κλεομένει is a dative of opposition, while ἐναντία is an adverbial accusative. The second verb coordinates with the first and takes τὴν Σπάρτην as object, with Ἀράτῳ καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς as the dative of association/agency.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένει | Κλεομένης | PROPN | ne-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Dative of opposition: 'against Cleomenes'. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 ἐμαχέσαντο | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | περὶ | περί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 4 Σελλασίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Σελλασίαν. |
| 4 | Σελλασίαν | Σελλασία | PROPN | ne-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Place name in the accusative after περί, indicating the location/context of fighting. |
| 5 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | v3pama--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb; subject is implicit from context. |
| 6 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADV | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter plural accusative, 'against/opposed'; formally adjective. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 συγκαθεῖλον | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite verbs. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-af-sa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Σπάρτην | det | high | Definite article modifying Σπάρτην. |
| 9 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | ne-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συγκαθεῖλον | obj | high | Direct object of συγκαθεῖλον. |
| 10 | Ἀράτῳ | Ἄρατος | PROPN | ne-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 συγκαθεῖλον | obl | high | Dative of association or agency with συγκαθεῖλον. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀχαιοῖς with Ἀράτῳ. |
| 12 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | ne-dat-p--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀράτῳ | conj | high | Coordinated dative participant/agent. |
| 13 | συγκαθεῖλον | συγκαθαιρέω | VERB | v3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐμαχέσαντο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb, 'overthrew jointly'; implicit subject is shared with ἐμαχέσαντο. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐμαχέσαντο | punct | high |