Grammar parses for passage 4.29.8
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ οἱ καταληφθέντες οἳ μὲν ἀπώλοντο ὑπὸ τὴν ἅλωσιν, Φιλοποίμενα δὲ τὸν Κραύγιδος καὶ ὅσοι μετὰ Φιλοποίμενος ἀπεχώρησαν.
The sentence is elliptical: τῶν ... οἱ καταληφθέντες introduces a subset, with οἳ μὲν ... and an implied counterpart for Φιλοποίμενα ... ὅσοι. The final accusatives depend on an unexpressed verb such as διέφθειραν/ἐποίησαν; attachment of τὸν Κραύγιδος is interpreted as apposition or parenthetic identification of Philopoemen, with low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 καταληφθέντες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀπώλοντο | cc | high | Adversative/continuative particle. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 καταληφθέντες | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 4 | καταληφθέντες | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | VAPP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἀπώλοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized passive participle, 'those captured'. |
| 5 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | RPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 ἀπώλοντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun beginning οἳ μὲν clause. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 7 ἀπώλοντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart is only implicit. |
| 7 | ἀπώλοντο | ἀπόλλυμι | VERB | VAMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of the first overt clause; later accusatives reflect ellipsis. |
| 8 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 10 ἅλωσιν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἅλωσιν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἅλωσιν | ἅλωσις | NOUN | SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπώλοντο | obl | high | ὑπό + accusative is temporal: during the capture. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπώλοντο | punct | high | |
| 12 | Φιλοποίμενα | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | NEAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπώλοντο | obj | low | Accusative in an elliptical continuation; proper-name form is irregular/contracted. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Φιλοποίμενα | cc | medium | Connects the elliptical second phrase. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Κραύγιδος | det | high | |
| 15 | Κραύγιδος | Κραῦγις | PROPN | NEGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Φιλοποίμενα | appos | low | Genitive proper name likely identifying Philopoemen through an elliptical phrase; exact construction uncertain. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 17 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | RPONPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 20 ἀπεχώρησαν | nsubj | high | Free relative/relative-substantive, 'all who'. |
| 18 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | _ | 19 Φιλοποίμενος | case | high | |
| 19 | Φιλοποίμενος | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | NEGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀπεχώρησαν | obl | high | Genitive governed by μετά. |
| 20 | ἀπεχώρησαν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | VAAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 Φιλοποίμενα | conj | medium | Finite clause coordinated with the elliptical accusative phrase. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπώλοντο | punct | high |
γενέσθαι δὲ τῶν Μεγαλοπολιτῶν τὸ διαφυγὸν καὶ ὑπὲρ τὰς δύο μοίρας λέγουσι.
λέγουσι governs a reported infinitival clause: γενέσθαι τὸ διαφυγόν ..., with the neuter substantivized participle functioning as the escaped/recovered remnant; the compressed syntax permits some uncertainty in the internal attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--ANM-- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 12 λέγουσι | csubj | high | Articular infinitive-like subject of λέγουσι, with τὸ διαφυγόν as its subject/predicate complement construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 12 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | Nb----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 διαφυγὸν | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the people whose survivors are meant. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----SAN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 διαφυγὸν | det | high | Article substantivizing the neuter participle. |
| 6 | διαφυγὸν | διαφεύγω | VERB | V--SAPNS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Neuter singular substantivized aorist participle, syntactically coordinated with γενέσθαι's subject/predicative content; exact construction is compressed. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 6 διαφυγὸν | cc | high | |
| 8 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 μοίρας | case | high | Preposition governing τὰς δύο μοίρας. |
| 9 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T----AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 μοίρας | det | high | |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 μοίρας | nummod | high | |
| 11 | μοίρας | μοῖρα | NOUN | N2----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 διαφυγὸν | obl | high | Measure/extent phrase: 'more than two thirds/parts'. |
| 12 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V- SPA3P-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 λέγουσι | punct | high |
τούτους ὑπεδέξαντο οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τῶν τε ἀρχαίων ἔργων ἕνεκα ὁπόσα ἐπὶ Ἀριστομένους ὑπῆρκτο Ἀρκάσι καὶ ὕστερον ἐπὶ τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ τοῦ Μεσσήνης, ἀποδιδόντες σφίσι τὴν ὁμοίαν.
The relative ὁπόσα introduces the ancient deeds that existed for the Arcadians under Aristomenes and later at the settlement of Messene; ἕνεκα governs the genitive phrase, while ἀποδιδόντες is a circumstantial participle with implicit subject οἱ Μεσσήνιοι and τὴν ὁμοίαν as its object, with an understood noun (τιμήν/χάριν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 2 ὑπεδέξαντο | obj | high | |
| 2 | ὑπεδέξαντο | ὑποδέχομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ὑπεδέξαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἔργων | det | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔργων | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχαίων | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔργων | amod | high | |
| 8 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἕνεκα | obl | high | |
| 9 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 2 ὑπεδέξαντο | case | high | Postposition governing the genitive phrase τῶν ... ἔργων. |
| 10 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | PQ-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 13 ὑπῆρκτο | nsubj | medium | Relative neuter plural, substantivized: 'as many deeds as'; syntactically subject of ὑπῆρκτο. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀριστομένους | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὑπῆρκτο | obl | high | Genitive after ἐπί in the temporal/relational sense. |
| 13 | ὑπῆρκτο | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 10 ὁπόσα | acl:relcl | medium | Singular verb with neuter-plural collective subject ὁπόσα; pluperfect form. |
| 14 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὑπῆρκτο | iobj | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ὕστερον | cc | high | |
| 16 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 19 οἰκισμοῦ | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the second ἐπί phrase. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 οἰκισμοῦ | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 οἰκισμοῦ | det | high | |
| 19 | οἰκισμοῦ | οἰκισμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὑπῆρκτο | obl | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Μεσσήνης | det | high | |
| 21 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 οἰκισμοῦ | nmod | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀποδιδόντες | punct | high | |
| 23 | ἀποδιδόντες | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 2 ὑπεδέξαντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 24 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 23 ἀποδιδόντες | iobj | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ὁμοίαν | det | high | |
| 26 | ὁμοίαν | ὅμοιος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀποδιδόντες | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, 'the like [honor/favor]'; omitted noun is understood. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ὑπεδέξαντο | punct | high |