Grammar parses for passage 4.3.8
Open translation for this passage
γὰρ ἔτι ὄντα ἔτρεφεν αὐτὸν ὁ Κύψελος.
ἔτι ὄντα is a temporal participial construction, probably referring to the masculine accusative αὐτόν (‘while he was still [young/alive]’); Κύψελος is the nominative subject of ἔτρεφεν. The participle’s exact implied complement is elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἔτρεφεν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 2 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 ὄντα | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participle. |
| 3 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | PAP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἔτρεφεν | advcl | medium | Present active accusative masculine singular participle; temporal and likely coreferential with αὐτόν, with an elliptical predicative complement. |
| 4 | ἔτρεφεν | τρέφω | VERB | VAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative, third singular. |
| 5 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | PPA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 ἔτρεφεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔτρεφεν; also likely the understood subject of ὄντα. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Κύψελος | det | high | Article agreeing with Κύψελος. |
| 7 | Κύψελος | Κύψελος | PROPN | N----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔτρεφεν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ἔτρεφεν. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔτρεφεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
περιγίνεται μόνος τοῦ οἴκου, καὶ ὡς ἀνὴρ ἐγένετο, οἱ Ἀρκάδες κατάγουσιν αὐτὸν ἐς Μεσσήνην.
The temporal clause ὡς ἀνὴρ ἐγένετο is attached adverbially to κατάγουσιν; the initial περιγίνεται is coordinated semantically with the later finite clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιγίνεται | περιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | μόνος | μόνος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 περιγίνεται | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with περιγίνεται. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 οἴκου | det | high | |
| 4 | οἴκου | οἶκος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 περιγίνεται | obl | medium | Genitive of separation/deprivation with περιγίγνομαι. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 περιγίνεται | punct | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | mark | high | Temporal clause marker: when/as. |
| 8 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγένετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative noun with ἐγένετο. |
| 9 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 13 κατάγουσιν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατάγουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 13 | κατάγουσιν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 περιγίνεται | conj | high | Coordinated main verb. |
| 14 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 13 κατάγουσιν | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Μεσσήνην | case | high | |
| 16 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 περιγίνεται | punct | high |
συγκατήγαγον δὲ καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ βασιλεῖς τῶν Δωριέων, οἵ τε Ἀριστοδήμου παῖδες καὶ Ἴσθμιος ὁ Τημένου.
The relative clause is coordinated with τε ... καί and describes the remaining Dorian kings; the second conjunct has an ellipted finite verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συγκατήγαγον | συγκατάγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 συγκατήγαγον | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλεῖς | det | high | Article substantivizes the adjective. |
| 5 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλεῖς | amod | high | |
| 6 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 συγκατήγαγον | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Δωριέων | det | high | |
| 8 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βασιλεῖς | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the Dorians. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συγκατήγαγον | punct | high | |
| 10 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | P-RNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 παῖδες | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing the appositional relative clause. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 παῖδες | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί. |
| 12 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παῖδες | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 13 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Ἴσθμιος | appos | medium | First coordinated group appositional to the kings. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Ἴσθμιος | cc | high | Coordinates the two relative-clause subjects. |
| 15 | Ἴσθμιος | Ἴσθμιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 συγκατήγαγον | nsubj | medium | Second coordinated subject; finite verb is understood from συγκατήγαγον. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Τημένου | det | high | |
| 17 | Τημένου | Τήμενος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἴσθμιος | nmod | medium | Article plus genitive patronymic/name phrase; syntactic attachment is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συγκατήγαγον | punct | high |
Αἴπυτος δὲ ὡς ἐβασίλευσεν, ἐτιμωρήσατο μὲν τοῦ πατρὸς τοὺς φονέας, ἐτιμωρήσατο δὲ καὶ ὅσοι τοῦ φόνου παραίτιοι καθεστήκεσαν.
The second ἐτιμωρήσατο coordinates with the first; ὅσοι introduces a relative clause whose members are the second verb’s object, with παραίτιοι as predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἴπυτος | Αἴπυτος | PROPN | Ne-S---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 ἐβασίλευσεν | mark | high | Temporal clause: ‘when/after’. |
| 4 | ἐβασίλευσεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | VAIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | advcl | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἐτιμωρήσατο | τιμωρέω | VERB | VAMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated predicate; subject Αἴπυτος. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | discourse | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GMS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πατρὸς | det | high | |
| 9 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N---GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 φονέας | nmod | high | Possessive/relational genitive: ‘of his father’. |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---APM- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 φονέας | det | high | |
| 11 | φονέας | φονεύς | NOUN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐτιμωρήσατο | τιμωρέω | VERB | VAMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate, with shared subject. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἐτιμωρήσατο | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 ὅσοι | cc | high | Introduces the relative subject of the second object/predicate. |
| 16 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 καθεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of καθεστήκεσαν. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GNS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 φόνου | det | high | |
| 18 | φόνου | φόνος | NOUN | N---GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 παραίτιοι | nmod | high | Genitive with παραίτιοι: responsible for the murder. |
| 19 | παραίτιοι | παραίτιος | ADJ | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 καθεστήκεσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with καθεστήκεσαν; construed with genitive τοῦ φόνου. |
| 20 | καθεστήκεσαν | καθίστημι | VERB | VLAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐτιμωρήσατο | acl:relcl | high | Perfect of καθίστημι, ‘had become/been established’; relative clause modifying implied/elliptical persons. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐτιμωρήσατο | punct | high |
προσαγόμενος δὲ τοὺς μὲν ἐν τέλει τῶν Μεσσηνίων θεραπείαις, ὅσοι δὲ ἦσαν τοῦ δήμου, δωρεαῖς, ἐς τοσοῦτο προέβη τιμῆς ὡς καὶ τοὺς ἀπογόνους Αἰπυτίδας ἀντὶ Ἡρακλειδῶν κληθῆναι.
The sentence has a circumstantial participle with two coordinated object groups, followed by an extent construction προέβη τιμῆς ὡς + result infinitive; Αἰπυτίδας is a predicate accusative with κληθῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσαγόμενος | προσάγω | VERB | V-PPA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 προέβη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood as the subject of προέβη. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 προέβη | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τέλει | det | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 21 προέβη | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with the following δέ. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 τέλει | case | high | |
| 6 | τέλει | τέλος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 θεραπείαις | nmod | high | ἐν τέλει means ‘in office/in authority’; governs the first object group. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τέλει | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of the Messenians’. |
| 9 | θεραπείαις | θεραπεία | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 προσαγόμενος | obj | high | Dative of means with προσαγόμενος. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσαγόμενος | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Free relative subject: ‘those who’. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 δωρεαῖς | cop | high | Copula in the relative clause. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δήμου | det | high | |
| 15 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἦσαν | obl | high | Genitive with εἰμί, ‘were of the people/commoners’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 17 | δωρεαῖς | δωρεά | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 προσαγόμενος | obl | high | Dative of means for προσαγόμενος, with the relative clause supplying its understood object. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 δωρεαῖς | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 τοσοῦτο | case | high | |
| 20 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | PRON | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 προέβη | obl | high | Extent expression, ‘to such an extent’. |
| 21 | προέβη | προβαίνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | τιμῆς | τιμή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 προέβη | obl | high | Genitive of respect/extent: ‘advanced so far in honor’. |
| 23 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 κληθῆναι | mark | high | Introduces the result clause. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἀπογόνους | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘even’. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπογόνους | det | high | |
| 26 | ἀπογόνους | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 κληθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive κληθῆναι. |
| 27 | Αἰπυτίδας | Αἰπυτίδης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 κληθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with κληθῆναι; patronymic name in the plural. |
| 28 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 Ἡρακλειδῶν | case | high | |
| 29 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Αἰπυτίδας | obl | high | Object of ἀντί, ‘instead of/in place of Heraclids’. |
| 30 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | V-APN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 21 προέβη | xcomp | high | Result infinitive governed by ὡς. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 προέβη | punct | high |