Grammar parses for passage 4.30.1
Open translation for this passage
ἔστιν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ τῆς νάπης τῆς Χοιρίου στάδια εἴκοσι μάλιστα ἀπέχουσα Ἀβία ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ πόλις.
The clause is existential/copular: πόλις is the nominal head, Ἀβία apposes it, and ἀπέχουσα is a feminine participle agreeing with the city/name and introducing the distance measure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 πόλις | cop | high | Existential/copular εἰμί with postposed subject. |
| 2 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 ἡμῶν | case | high | ἐπί governing the genitive pronoun. |
| 3 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-GEN-1P | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 ἔστιν | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, expressing location/jurisdiction. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative place-name. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίᾳ. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative locative complement of ἐν. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 νάπης | det | high | Article modifying νάπης. |
| 8 | νάπης | νάπη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπέχουσα | obl | medium | Genitive distance/location phrase dependent on ἀπέχουσα; lexical relation is somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Χοιρίου | det | high | Article modifying Χοιρίου. |
| 10 | Χοιρίου | Χοίριον | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 νάπης | nmod | high | Genitive proper-name modifier of νάπης. |
| 11 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἀπέχουσα | obj | high | Accusative measure of distance with ἀπέχουσα. |
| 12 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | NUI | Number=Plur | 11 στάδια | nummod | high | Numeral modifying στάδια. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D- | Degree=Sup | 11 στάδια | advmod | high | Approximating adverb modifying the distance expression. |
| 14 | ἀπέχουσα | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 πόλις | acl | high | Present participle agreeing with Ἀβία, attributive/predicative with distance complement. |
| 15 | Ἀβία | Ἀβία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πόλις | appos | high | Proper-name apposition to πόλις. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | ἐπί governing the dative noun. |
| 17 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πόλις | obl | high | Locative phrase ‘on the sea’ modifying πόλις. |
| 18 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate/lexical head of the existential clause; Ἀβία is appositional. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 18 πόλις | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ταύτην Ἴρην καλεῖσθαι πάλαι καὶ τῶν ἑπτά φασιν εἶναι πόλεων, ἃς Ἀχιλλεῖ πεποίηκεν Ὅμηρος Ἀγαμέμνονα ὑπισχνούμενον.
Infinitival report: φασιν governs coordinated καλεῖσθαι and εἶναι; ἃς is the relative object of πεποίηκεν, with Ἀχιλλεῖ recipient and Ἀγαμέμνονα subject of ὑπισχνούμενον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 καλεῖσθαι | obj | high | |
| 2 | Ἴρην | Ἴρη | PROPN | Ne--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 καλεῖσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with καλεῖσθαι. |
| 3 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | VMP--SMN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 φασιν | ccomp | high | |
| 4 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 καλεῖσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 εἶναι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival predicates. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 7 | ἑπτά | ἑπτά | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 10 πόλεων | nummod | high | |
| 8 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | VSP-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | VXP--PAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 φασιν | ccomp | high | Coordinated infinitive; copular predicate is πόλεων. |
| 10 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N--GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on εἶναι, likely partitive/relational. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | PR--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 14 πεποίηκεν | obj | high | |
| 13 | Ἀχιλλεῖ | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | Ne--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πεποίηκεν | iobj | high | |
| 14 | πεποίηκεν | ποιέω | VERB | VPR-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 10 πόλεων | acl:relcl | high | |
| 15 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | Ne--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πεποίηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | Ἀγαμέμνονα | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | Ne--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὑπισχνούμενον | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the supplementary participle. |
| 17 | ὑπισχνούμενον | ὑπισχνέομαι | VERB | VPP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 πεποίηκεν | xcomp | medium | Supplementary participle with Ἀγαμέμνονα as accusative subject; semantically depicts Agamemnon promising. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασιν | punct | high |
Ὕλλου δὲ καὶ Δωριέων μάχῃ κρατηθέντων ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν, ἐνταῦθα Ἀβίαν Γλήνου τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τροφὸν ἀποχωρῆσαι λέγουσιν ἐς τὴν Ἴρην καὶ οἰκῆσαί τε αὐτόθι καὶ Ἡρακλέους ἱερὸν ἱδρύσασθαι, καί οἱ διὰ ταῦτα ὕστερον Κρεσφόντην ἄλλα τε γέρα νεῖμαι καὶ τῇ πόλει μεταθέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀβίας.
Genitive absolute at 1–8; λέγουσιν governs coordinated infinitival reports. Ἀβίαν is the accusative subject of ἀποχωρῆσαι, with τροφόν as its predicative apposition; later coordinated infinitives depend on λέγουσιν, while καί οἱ introduces the consequent report with οἱ as dative recipient/possessor.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὕλλου | Ὕλλος | PROPN | ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κρατηθέντων | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 κρατηθέντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 4 Δωριέων | cc | high | |
| 4 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κρατηθέντων | nmod | high | |
| 5 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | nb-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κρατηθέντων | obl | high | Dative of circumstance or manner. |
| 6 | κρατηθέντων | κρατέω | VERB | vpaogm-p- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute predicate. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 8 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κρατηθέντων | obl:agent | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 16 ἀποχωρῆσαι | advmod | high | |
| 11 | Ἀβίαν | Ἀβία | PROPN | ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποχωρῆσαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 12 | Γλήνου | Γληνός | PROPN | ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τροφὸν | nmod | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Γλήνου | nmod | high | |
| 15 | τροφὸν | τροφός | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀβίαν | appos | high | Predicative/appositional accusative with Ἀβίαν. |
| 16 | ἀποχωρῆσαι | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | vnaa---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | |
| 17 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | vppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 20 Ἴρην | case | high | |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ἴρην | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἴρην | Ἴρη | PROPN | ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποχωρῆσαι | obl | high | Goal of ἀποχωρῆσαι. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 22 οἰκῆσαί | cc | high | |
| 22 | οἰκῆσαί | οἰκέω | VERB | vnaa---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἀποχωρῆσαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive under λέγουσιν. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 22 οἰκῆσαί | cc | high | |
| 24 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | d-------- | _ | 22 οἰκῆσαί | advmod | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 28 ἱδρύσασθαι | cc | high | |
| 26 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 27 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἱδρύσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 28 | ἱδρύσασθαι | ἱδρύω | VERB | vnamm--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 16 ἀποχωρῆσαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive under λέγουσιν. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 30 | καί | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 39 νεῖμαι | cc | high | Introduces a further coordinated infinitival report. |
| 31 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 νεῖμαι | iobj | high | Dative pronoun, likely recipient/possessor (‘for him’). |
| 32 | διὰ | διά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 33 ταῦτα | case | high | |
| 33 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | pd-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 νεῖμαι | obl | high | |
| 34 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 39 νεῖμαι | advmod | high | |
| 35 | Κρεσφόντην | Κρεσφόντης | PROPN | ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 νεῖμαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitives. |
| 36 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 γέρα | amod | high | |
| 37 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 36 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 38 | γέρα | γέρας | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 νεῖμαι | obj | high | |
| 39 | νεῖμαι | νέμω | VERB | vnaa---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 λέγουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive under λέγουσιν; ἄλλα τε γέρα is its object. |
| 40 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 43 μεταθέσθαι | cc | high | |
| 41 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 πόλει | det | high | |
| 42 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 μεταθέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of reference/recipient with μεταθέσθαι. |
| 43 | μεταθέσθαι | μετατίθημι | VERB | vnamm--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 39 νεῖμαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; τὸ ὄνομα is its object. |
| 44 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 45 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 45 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 μεταθέσθαι | obj | high | |
| 46 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 48 Ἀβίας | case | high | |
| 47 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 48 Ἀβίας | det | high | |
| 48 | Ἀβίας | Ἀβία | PROPN | ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 μεταθέσθαι | obl | high | Source of the renaming. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
Ἡρακλεῖον δὲ ἦν αὐτόθι ἐπιφανὲς καὶ Ἀσκληπιεῖον.
Copular clause with coordinated sanctuary nouns; ἐπιφανὲς is a predicate adjective associated with the first noun, while the second noun is coordinated as an additional subject/predicate nominal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡρακλεῖον | Ἡράκλειον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter noun, nominative singular; subject of ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative of εἰμί. |
| 4 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | d-------- | PronType=Dem | 3 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘there’. |
| 5 | ἐπιφανὲς | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 Ἡρακλεῖον | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with Ἡρακλεῖον; coordinated predicative description. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 Ἀσκληπιεῖον | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀσκληπιεῖον with Ἡρακλεῖον. |
| 7 | Ἀσκληπιεῖον | Ἀσκληπιεῖον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | conj | high | Second coordinated neuter nominative subject/naming of a sanctuary. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |