Grammar parses for passage 4.30.2
Open translation for this passage
Φαραὶ δὲ ἀφεστήκασιν Ἀβίας σταδίους ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ ὕδωρ κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν ἐστιν ἁλμυρόν·
The sentence coordinates a distance statement with a copular clause: ὕδωρ κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν ἐστιν ἁλμυρόν. The perfect ἀφεστήκασιν denotes continuing distance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φαραὶ | Φαραί | PROPN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀφεστήκασιν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V—XPA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active of ἀφίστημι, ‘stand apart/are distant’. |
| 4 | Ἀβίας | Ἀβία | PROPN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | obl | high | Genitive of distance/reference. |
| 5 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | Nb----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | obl | high | Accusative of extent of distance. |
| 6 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | Ma----AP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | Nb----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ὁδόν | case | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὁδόν | det | high | |
| 12 | ὁδόν | ὁδός | NOUN | Nb----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὕδωρ | obl | high | Κατὰ with accusative: along/on the road. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V—PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | conj | high | Finite verb of the coordinated clause. |
| 14 | ἁλμυρόν | ἁλμυρός | ADJ | A--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | punct | high |
βασιλεὺς δὲ Αὔγουστος τοὺς ἐν Φαραῖς Μεσσηνίους συντελεῖν ἀπέταξεν ἐς τὸ Λακωνικόν.
Αὔγουστος is nominative subject/appositive to βασιλεύς; ἀποτάσσω governs an accusative subject with infinitive (τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ... συντελεῖν), while ἐς τὸ Λακωνικόν is the destination/domain of συντελεῖν, probably elliptical for the Laconic region. The exact sense of συντελεῖν is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέταξεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀπέταξεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Αὔγουστος | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βασιλεὺς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to βασιλεύς. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Φαραῖς | case | high | |
| 6 | Φαραῖς | Φαραί | PROPN | N--DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 Μεσσηνίους | nmod | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | N--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συντελεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | συντελεῖν | συντελέω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπέταξεν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive governed by ἀπέταξεν; sense may be contextually specialized. |
| 9 | ἀπέταξεν | ἀποτάσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Λακωνικόν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 Λακωνικόν | det | high | |
| 12 | Λακωνικόν | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A--ANS | substantivized=Yes|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 συντελεῖν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Laconian region’; destination/domain complement of συντελεῖν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπέταξεν | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ οἰκιστὴν Φᾶριν Ἑρμοῦ τε καὶ Φυλοδαμείας λέγουσιν εἶναι τῆς Δαναοῦ·
λέγουσιν εἶναι forms an accusative-and-infinitive construction: τὸν οἰκιστὴν Φᾶριν is the accusative subject of εἶναι; the coordinated genitives identify his parentage.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 οἰκιστὴν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | S--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive, also object of λέγουσιν in raising/control syntax. |
| 4 | Φᾶριν | Φᾶρις | PROPN | S--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 οἰκιστὴν | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to οἰκιστήν. |
| 5 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | S--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Φυλοδαμείας | conj | high | Genitive coordinate in the parentage phrase. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ἑρμοῦ | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Φυλοδαμείας | cc | high | Second coordinator of the parentage phrase. |
| 8 | Φυλοδαμείας | Φυλοδάμεια | PROPN | S--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | obl | high | Genitive complement expressing parentage, coordinated with Ἑρμοῦ. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Δαναοῦ | det | high | |
| 12 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | S--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Φυλοδαμείας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Φυλοδαμείας: daughter/descendant of Danaus. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
Φάρει δὲ ἄρρενας μὲν οὔ φασι γενέσθαι, θυγατέρα δὲ Τηλεγόνην.
φασι γενέσθαι is an accusative-and-infinitive report: no male offspring, but a daughter named Telegone; the second accusative is coordinated with an elided/shared γενέσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φάρει | Φάρις | PROPN | N--DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 φασι | obl | high | Dative of location/topic: at/in Pharis. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 φασι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄρρενας | ἄρρην | ADJ | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘male children/offspring’. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἄρρενας | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 5 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 7 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Negates γενέσθαι. |
| 6 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Reporting verb governing an accusative-infinitive construction. |
| 7 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 φασι | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασι; understood subject is ἄρρενας. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 γενέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 9 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γενέσθαι | conj | medium | Accusative coordinated within the reported birth/offspring complement; elliptical repeated infinitive or shared construction. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 θυγατέρα | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 11 | Τηλεγόνην | Τηλεγόνη | PROPN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θυγατέρα | appos | high | Apposition naming the daughter. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασι | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς ἐγενεαλόγησεν Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι διδύμους Κρήθωνα καὶ Ὀρτίλοχον εἶναι Διοκλεῖ, Διοκλέα δὲ αὐτὸν Ὀρτιλόχου τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ·
Main verb ἐγενεαλόγησεν governs an infinitival reported-content construction: Homer says the next men to be twins, Cret(h)on and Ortilochus, for Diocles, and Diocles himself son of Ortilochus, son of Alpheios. The second infinitive clause is elliptical in the supplied text; εἶναι is understood with both predicates, and Διοκλέα is an accusative predicate/subject-like accusative coordinated after δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | obj | high | Article substantivizes/introduces the following referent, with ἐφεξῆς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning successively/next. |
| 4 | ἐγενεαλόγησεν | γενεαλογέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 5 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | nsubj | high | Agent/source subject of γενεαλόγησεν. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰλιάδι. |
| 7 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | obl | high | Source/location adjunct: in the Iliad. |
| 8 | διδύμους | δίδυμος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective in the infinitival content clause, agreeing with Κρήθωνα καὶ Ὀρτίλοχον. |
| 9 | Κρήθωνα | Κρήθων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Ὀρτίλοχον | cc | high | Coordinates the two personal names. |
| 11 | Ὀρτίλοχον | Ὀρτίλοχος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κρήθωνα | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive introducing Homer’s reported genealogical assertion. |
| 13 | Διοκλεῖ | Διοκλῆς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference: twins belonging to Diocles. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 15 | Διοκλέα | Διοκλῆς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Second accusative subject-like nominal for an elliptical continuation of εἶναι; understood as ‘Diocles himself [to be] ...’. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Διοκλέα | cc | high | Connective introducing the second genealogical statement. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 Διοκλέα | appos | medium | Intensive pronoun modifying/appositional to Διοκλέα: Diocles himself. |
| 18 | Ὀρτιλόχου | Ὀρτίλοχος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διοκλέα | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage/possession. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀλφειοῦ | det | high | Article with Ἀλφειοῦ. |
| 20 | Ἀλφειοῦ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ὀρτιλόχου | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/parentage: Ortilochus of Alpheios. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς Τηλεγόνην παρεῖδεν, αὕτη γὰρ λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων ἐστὶν ἡ τεκοῦσα Ἀλφειῷ τὸν Ὀρτίλοχον.
The first clause has an elided/understood object with τὰ as a substantivized accusative plural, while παρεῖδεν is the matrix root. The second clause explains αὕτη: λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων is a dative phrase, probably ‘according to the Messenian account’; ἡ τεκοῦσα is a nominalized participial predicate identifying the mother, with Ἀλφειῷ as dative of union/source and τὸν Ὀρτίλοχον as its accusative object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 παρεῖδεν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter accusative plural; exact omitted referent is not recoverable here. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 παρεῖδεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Τηλεγόνην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Τηλεγόνην | Τηλεγόνη | PROPN | Ne----Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 παρεῖδεν | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 5 | παρεῖδεν | παροράω | VERB | V3SIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix predicate; augment and preverb are reflected in the surface form. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παρεῖδεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν; refers to Τηλεγόνην. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | mark | high | Explanatory postpositive conjunction. |
| 9 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | Ncmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Dative of viewpoint/standard: ‘according to the account’. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with λόγῳ. |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of the Messenians’. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Copular predicate of the explanatory clause; treated as a coordinated root-like clause under punctuation/asyndetic explanation. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L---N-SF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τεκοῦσα | det | high | Article nominalizing the participle. |
| 14 | τεκοῦσα | τίκτω | VERB | VSAONA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Substantivized aorist participle, predicate identification: ‘the one who bore/gave birth’. |
| 15 | Ἀλφειῷ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | Ne----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τεκοῦσα | obl | medium | Dative with τεκοῦσα, likely dative of union/source (‘to/by Alpheios’). |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ὀρτίλοχον | det | high | Article agreeing with Ὀρτίλοχον. |
| 17 | Ὀρτίλοχον | Ὀρτίλοχος | PROPN | Ne----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τεκοῦσα | obj | high | Accusative object of τεκοῦσα. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high |