Grammar parses for passage 4.30.2
Open translation for this passage
Φαραὶ δὲ ἀφεστήκασιν Ἀβίας σταδίους ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ ὕδωρ κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν ἐστιν ἁλμυρόν·
Two independent clauses are coordinated by καί; the first has a distance expression with σταδίους ἑβδομήκοντα, and the second is a copular clause with predicate adjective ἁλμυρόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φαραὶ | Φαραὶ | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφεστήκασιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀφεστήκασιν | ἀφεστήκω | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; perfect with present state. |
| 4 | Ἀβίας | Ἀβία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | obl | medium | Genitive of reference/measure with σταδίους, likely specifying distance from Abia. |
| 5 | σταδίους | στάδιος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | obj | high | Accusative of extent of space with ἀφεστήκασιν. |
| 6 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 5 σταδίους | nummod | high | Numeral modifying σταδίους. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφεστήκασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 9 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ὁδόν | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ὁδόν | det | high | Article modifying ὁδόν. |
| 12 | ὁδόν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of κατά in adverbial locative sense. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause root copular verb. |
| 14 | ἁλμυρόν | ἁλμυρός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸν δὲ οἰκιστὴν Φᾶριν Ἑρμοῦ τε καὶ Φυλοδαμείας λέγουσιν εἶναι τῆς Δαναοῦ·
The infinitival clause with εἶναι has an accusative predicative structure; the genitive phrase τῆς Δαναοῦ is difficult and likely expresses association/possession.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 οἰκιστὴν | det | high | Article modifying οἰκιστήν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκιστὴν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 4 | Φᾶριν | Φᾶρις | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Likely predicate/appositional accusative with infinitive; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Φυλοδαμείας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Φυλοδαμείας. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 Ἑρμοῦ | cc | high | Enclitic connective within the genitive coordination. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 Ἑρμοῦ | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 8 | Φυλοδαμείας | Φυλοδάμεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Φᾶριν | nmod | high | Genitive phrase modifying Φᾶριν. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Δαναοῦ | det | high | Article modifying Δαναοῦ. |
| 12 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive phrase with εἶναι; likely possessive/attributive relation, exact syntactic analysis uncertain. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Φάρει δὲ ἄρρενας μὲν οὔ φασι γενέσθαι, θυγατέρα δὲ Τηλεγόνην.
The clause has φασι as the main verb with an infinitival complement; Φάρει is a dative dependent, and the second accusative θυγατέρα Τηλεγόνην is appositional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φάρει | Φάρις | PROPN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 φασι | obl | medium | Proper name in dative; likely dative of reference/location. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 φασι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄρρενας | ἄρσην | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 γενέσθαι | obj | medium | Adjectival substantive used as object of infinitive. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἄρρενας | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 φασι | advmod | high | Negation of the finite verb. |
| 6 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V3PAI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--ANM--- | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Middle | 6 φασι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of φασι. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 γενέσθαι | obj | medium | Object of the infinitive; coordinated with ἄρρενας by sense. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 θυγατέρα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 11 | Τηλεγόνην | Τηλεγόνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 θυγατέρα | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to θυγατέρα. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τοὺς δὲ ἐφεξῆς ἐγενεαλόγησεν Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι διδύμους Κρήθωνα καὶ Ὀρτίλοχον εἶναι Διοκλεῖ, Διοκλέα δὲ αὐτὸν Ὀρτιλόχου τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ·
The clause after εἶναι is compressed and genealogical, so the exact internal syntax of the names is somewhat uncertain, especially around the accusatives and genitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 διδύμους | obj | high | Article modifying the acc. masc. plural substantive/adjectival χρήση with διδύμους. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | _ | _ | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 4 | ἐγενεαλόγησεν | γενεαλογέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγενεαλόγησεν. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰλιάδι. |
| 7 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | obl | high | Locative oblique phrase. |
| 8 | διδύμους | δίδυμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | obj | medium | Object-like predicate/appositional modifier; structure somewhat ambiguous. |
| 9 | Κρήθωνα | Κρήθων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Part of infinitival content with εἶναι; could be object/predicative in a compressed apposition. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Κρήθωνα | cc | high | Coordinator within the paired names. |
| 11 | Ὀρτίλοχον | Ὀρτίλοχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κρήθωνα | conj | high | Conjunct in the pair. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | ccomp | high | Complement clause of ἐγενεαλόγησεν. |
| 13 | Διοκλεῖ | Διοκλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | iobj | high | Dative complement with εἶναι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εἶναι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | Διοκλέα | Διοκλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | obj | medium | Likely resumptive/appositional accusative in reported genealogy; syntax compressed. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 εἶναι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ὀρτιλόχου | det | medium | Possessive/genitive-equivalent sense not present; here likely reinforcing pronoun with next genitive phrase, but attachment is uncertain. |
| 18 | Ὀρτιλόχου | Ὀρτίλοχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διοκλέα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of Διοκλέα, indicating parentage. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Ἀλφειοῦ | det | high | Article with Ἀλφειοῦ. |
| 20 | Ἀλφειοῦ | Ἀλφεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ὀρτιλόχου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ὀρτιλόχου. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγενεαλόγησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ ἐς Τηλεγόνην παρεῖδεν, αὕτη γὰρ λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων ἐστὶν ἡ τεκοῦσα Ἀλφειῷ τὸν Ὀρτίλοχον.
Two clauses: first with παρεῖδεν and a prepositional object; second explanatory clause with copula and a participial predicate, where λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων is syntactically somewhat opaque.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-NA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 παρεῖδεν | obj | medium | Likely object of παρεῖδεν; article used substantively. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 5 παρεῖδεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 4 Τηλεγόνην | case | high | Preposition governing Τηλεγόνην. |
| 4 | Τηλεγόνην | Τηλεγόνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 παρεῖδεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 5 | παρεῖδεν | παροράω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παρεῖδεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 7 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | P-PNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστὶν. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 9 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Likely dative of respect/source or predicative complement in phrase λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίων. |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Genitive attribute dependent on λόγῳ. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb of second clause. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 τεκοῦσα | det | high | Article with participle τεκοῦσα. |
| 14 | τεκοῦσα | τίκτω | VERB | V-AAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicative participle with copula; could be appositional nominal predicate. |
| 15 | Ἀλφειῷ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τεκοῦσα | obl | high | Dative with τεκοῦσα. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ὀρτίλοχον | det | high | Article with Ὀρτίλοχον. |
| 17 | Ὀρτίλοχον | Ὀρτίλοχος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τεκοῦσα | obj | high | Direct object of τεκοῦσα. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |