Grammar parses for passage 4.30.4
Open translation for this passage
πρῶτος δὲ ὧν οἶδα ἐποιήσατο ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ὅμηρος Τύχης μνήμην·
The construction means that Homer, first among those known to the speaker, made/introduced a mention of Fortune in his poetry; πρῶτος is linked as a predicative subject-related modifier, while ὧν οἶδα is treated as a genitive relative phrase with an implicit antecedent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | Ἀdj.Nom.Sg.Masc.Superl | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιήσατο | nsubj | high | Superlative predicate subject: first among those known. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐποιήσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | Pron.Gen.Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 οἶδα | obj | medium | Genitive plural relative pronoun with οἶδα, ‘of those whom/that I know’; antecedent is implicit. |
| 4 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-Perf-Act-Ind-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 πρῶτος | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect-form verb with present meaning; relative clause modifies an implicit or substantivized antecedent. |
| 5 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-Aor-Med-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle indicative; Homer is the explicit subject. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 8 ἔπεσιν | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat.Pl.Neut | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔπεσιν | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying ἔπεσιν. |
| 8 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N.Dat.Pl.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐποιήσατο | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν; means the medium or location of the making. |
| 9 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N.Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιήσατο | nsubj | high | Explicit nominative subject. |
| 10 | Τύχης | Τύχη | PROPN | N.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 μνήμην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνήμην, ‘memory/mention of Fortune’. |
| 11 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποιήσατο. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποιήσατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐποιήσατο δὲ ἐν ὕμνῳ τῷ ἐς τὴν Δήμητρα ἄλλας τε τῶν Ὠκεανοῦ θυγατέρας καταριθμούμενος, ὡς ὁμοῦ Κόρῃ τῇ Δήμητρος παίζοιεν, καὶ Τύχην ὡς Ὠκεανοῦ καὶ ταύτην παῖδα οὖσαν·
Main verb ἐποιήσατο governs ὕμνῳ; καταριθμούμενος is a circumstantial participle with coordinated accusatives ἄλλας ... θυγατέρας and Τύχην. The ὡς clauses are content/comparative complements, with παίζοιεν optative and Τύχην ... παῖδα οὖσαν an accusative participial construction; ὡς Ὠκεανοῦ καὶ ταύτην παῖδα is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐποιήσατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ὕμνῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | ὕμνῳ | ὕμνος | NOUN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐποιήσατο | obl | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | TDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὕμνῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Δήμητρα | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | TASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Δήμητρα | det | high | |
| 8 | Δήμητρα | Δήμητρα | PROPN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὕμνῳ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 θυγατέρας | amod | high | |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 θυγατέρας | cc | high | |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | TGPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 θυγατέρας | det | high | |
| 12 | Ὠκεανοῦ | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | NGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θυγατέρας | nmod | high | |
| 13 | θυγατέρας | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | NAPF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 καταριθμούμενος | obj | high | |
| 14 | καταριθμούμενος | καταριθμέω | VERB | V-PNPMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐποιήσατο | advcl | high | Subject is implicit, likely the author/subject of ἐποιήσατο. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 καταριθμούμενος | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 παίζοιεν | mark | medium | Introduces a content/comparative clause dependent on the enumeration. |
| 17 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 παίζοιεν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | Κόρῃ | Κόρη | PROPN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 παίζοιεν | obl | high | Dative with παίζω. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | TDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Κόρῃ | det | high | |
| 20 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρα | PROPN | NGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Κόρῃ | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 21 | παίζοιεν | παίζω | VERB | V-PAO-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 καταριθμούμενος | ccomp | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 παίζοιεν | punct | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 Τύχην | cc | high | |
| 24 | Τύχην | Τύχη | PROPN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 καταριθμούμενος | obj | high | Coordinated with ἄλλας ... θυγατέρας. |
| 25 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 οὖσαν | mark | medium | Introduces an elliptical explanatory/content clause. |
| 26 | Ὠκεανοῦ | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | NGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 παῖδα | nmod | medium | Genitive of parentage with παῖδα. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ταύτην | cc | high | |
| 28 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 οὖσαν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the participial construction. |
| 29 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 οὖσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with οὖσαν; gender is feminine by agreement with Τύχην. |
| 30 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 Τύχην | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Τύχην; elliptical ὡς-clause. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐποιήσατο | punct | high |
καὶ οὕτως ἔχει τὰ ἔπη·
ἔχει is impersonal/intransitive here (‘is as follows’); τὰ ἔπη is the neuter plural subject, with οὕτως as a manner adverb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἔχει | cc | high | |
| 2 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | _ | PronType=Dem | 3 ἔχει | advmod | high | Demonstrative adverb modifying ἔχει. |
| 3 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/intransitive use: ‘is constituted/reads thus’. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἔπη | det | high | |
| 5 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἔχει | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject of impersonal/intransitive ἔχει; nominative is syntactically possible in this formula. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔχει | punct | high |
ἡμεῖς μὲν μάλα πᾶσαι ἀνʼ ἱμερτὸν λειμῶνα, Λευκίππη Φαινώ τε καὶ Ἠλέκτρη καὶ Ἰάνθη Μηλόβοσίς τε Τύχη τε καὶ Ὠκυρόη καλυκῶπις.
Elliptical nominal/participial syntax: πᾶσαι appears predicate-like with an omitted verb, while the following accusative prepositional phrase likely belongs to an omitted motion verb; the feminine nominatives form an appended list of names, with καλυκῶπις modifying Ὠκυρόη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡμεῖς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NP | Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 4 πᾶσαι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 πᾶσαι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | μάλα | μάλα | ADV | D | _ | 4 πᾶσαι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | πᾶσαι | πᾶς | ADJ | A-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal predicate/elliptical expression; likely 'all [of us]'. |
| 5 | ἀνʼ | ἀνά | ADP | R | _ | 7 λειμῶνα | case | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 6 | ἱμερτὸν | ἱμερτός | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λειμῶνα | amod | high | |
| 7 | λειμῶνα | λειμών | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πᾶσαι | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase; governing verb is elided. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πᾶσαι | punct | high | |
| 9 | Λευκίππη | Λευκίππη | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 καλυκῶπις | conj | medium | Name in the coordinated enumeration; syntactic attachment is elliptical. |
| 10 | Φαινώ | Φαινώ | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λευκίππη | conj | medium | Coordinated name; τε is postponed after this name. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 Φαινώ | cc | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 Ἠλέκτρη | cc | high | |
| 13 | Ἠλέκτρη | Ἠλέκτρη | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λευκίππη | conj | medium | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 Ἰάνθη | cc | high | |
| 15 | Ἰάνθη | Ἰάνθη | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λευκίππη | conj | medium | |
| 16 | Μηλόβοσίς | Μηλόβοσις | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λευκίππη | conj | medium | Proper name; orthographic accentuation retained in form. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 Μηλόβοσίς | cc | high | |
| 18 | Τύχη | Τύχη | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λευκίππη | conj | medium | Proper name, though homonymous with the common noun. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 Τύχη | cc | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 Ὠκυρόη | cc | high | |
| 21 | Ὠκυρόη | Ὠκυρόη | PROPN | N-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Λευκίππη | conj | medium | |
| 22 | καλυκῶπις | καλυκῶπις | ADJ | A-S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Ὠκυρόη | amod | high | Epithet modifying Ὠκυρόη. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πᾶσαι | punct | high |