Grammar parses for passage 4.31.1
Open translation for this passage
ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Φαρῶν Ἀπόλλωνος ἄλσος ἐστὶ Καρνείου καὶ ὕδατος ἐν αὐτῷ πηγή·
The copular clause has ἄλσος as subject and ἐστὶ as root; ὀλίγον ἀπωτέρω is an adverbial distance phrase, with Φαρῶν dependent on ἀπωτέρω. Καρνείου and the genitive ὕδατος are genitives of specification/association; the second clause-like nominal phrase πηγή is coordinated to ἄλσος and modified by ἐν αὐτῷ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | Adverbial accusative | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπωτέρω | advmod | high | Accusative neuter used adverbially, ‘a little’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Postpositive conjunction | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | Comparative adverb | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, ‘farther off’; governs the genitive Φαρῶν. |
| 4 | Φαρῶν | Φάρος | PROPN | N-G----- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπωτέρω | obl | medium | Genitive of separation/reference with ἀπωτέρω; place-name plural. |
| 5 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄλσος. |
| 6 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-N-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | Καρνείου | Κάρνειος | ADJ | A-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλσος | nmod | medium | Epithet/name in the genitive, agreeing substantivally with Ἀπόλλωνος or specifying the grove. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 13 πηγή | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλσος and πηγή in the wider nominal predication. |
| 10 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πηγή | nmod | medium | Genitive of material/content with πηγή: ‘a spring of water’. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 12 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-G-S--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 πηγή | obl | high | Refers to the grove; ἐν αὐτῷ modifies πηγή. |
| 13 | πηγή | πηγή | NOUN | N-N-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Nominal phrase coordinated with ἄλσος under the copula. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
θαλάσσης δὲ ἕξ που στάδια ἀπέχουσιν αἱ Φαραί.
The subject αἱ Φαραί is nominative plural and is the root predicate; ἕξ στάδια is an accusative measure of distance with ἀπέχουσιν, while θαλάσσης is a genitive of separation/source. που is an enclitic approximative adverb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | obl | high | Genitive of separation/distance with ἀπέχω. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Φαραί | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἕξ | ἕξ | NUM | NUM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 στάδια | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral agreeing with στάδια. |
| 4 | που | που | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | advmod | high | Enclitic adverb, approximately/about. |
| 5 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | obl | high | Accusative measure of distance. |
| 6 | ἀπέχουσιν | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 Φαραί | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with the preceding discourse; subject follows. |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T- NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Φαραί | det | high | Definite article modifying Φαραί. |
| 8 | Φαραί | Φαραί | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Place-name, nominative plural; functions as subject of ἀπέχουσιν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 Φαραί | punct | high |
ἐντεῦθεν πρὸς μεσόγαιαν τῆς Μεσσηνίας σταδίους προελθόντι ὀγδοήκοντα, ἔστιν ἡ Θουριατῶν πόλις, Ἄνθειαν δὲ αὐτὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ὠνομάσθαι τοῖς Ὁμήρου λέγουσι·
The sentence has an impersonal ἔστιν with πόλις as its postposed subject; προελθόντι is a dative absolute-like circumstantial participle with σταδίους and ὀγδοήκοντα expressing distance. The final infinitival clause depends on λέγουσι (τοῖς Ὁμήρου [ἔπεσιν] λέγουσι), with αὐτὴν as its accusative subject and Ἄνθειαν as predicate accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 7 προελθόντι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 μεσόγαιαν | case | high | |
| 3 | μεσόγαιαν | μεσόγαιος | NOUN | A-SAF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 προελθόντι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, destination. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SGF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | Ne-SGF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 μεσόγαιαν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-PA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 προελθόντι | obl | high | Measure of distance. |
| 7 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Dative participle, construed circumstantially; implied traveler is masculine singular. |
| 8 | ὀγδοήκοντα | ὀγδοήκοντα | NUM | Ma-A---- | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 6 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίους. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 10 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA3-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/presentational construction. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-SNF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 πόλις | det | high | |
| 12 | Θουριατῶν | Θουριάτης | PROPN | N-P---G-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 13 πόλις | nmod | high | Ethnic name used attributively. |
| 13 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-SNF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 15 Ἄνθειαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | Ἄνθειαν | Ἄνθεια | PROPN | Ne-SAF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὠνομάσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative naming the accusative subject αὐτήν. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ὠνομάσθαι | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAF3-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ὠνομάσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PND---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 20 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-PND---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 λέγουσι | obl | medium | Instrumental/content phrase with λέγουσι; likely elliptical for ‘in Homer's verses’. |
| 21 | ὠνομάσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-RAM---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Med | 24 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσι. |
| 22 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PMD---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 λέγουσι | det | high | |
| 23 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | Ne-SMG---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 λέγουσι | nmod | medium | Genitive with τοῖς ... λέγουσι, ‘those who speak of Homer’; construction is syntactically compressed. |
| 24 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PPA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Substantivized dative participle, likely ‘those who say’; governs the infinitive. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 10 ἔστιν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἔχειν τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὴν Θουρίαν ἔδωκεν Αὔγουστος.
The infinitive ἔχειν is a complementary infinitive with ἔδωκεν; Λακεδαιμονίοις is its dative recipient/possessor, while τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ is a dative appositional specification of the Lacedaemonians. Θουρίαν is the accusative object of ἔχειν and ἔδωκεν is the root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔδωκεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/possessor with ἔδωκεν and understood subject of ἔχειν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 9 ἔδωκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἔδωκεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἔδωκεν; subject is controlled by the dative group. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | PODPM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Λακεδαιμονίοις | appos | medium | Article substantivizing the following participial phrase; appositional to Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 6 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition governing Σπάρτῃ. |
| 6 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τοῖς | nmod | high | Object of ἐν within the substantivized phrase. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Θουρίαν | det | high | Article modifying Θουρίαν. |
| 8 | Θουρίαν | Θουρία | PROPN | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχειν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔχειν. |
| 9 | ἔδωκεν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-3IAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 10 | Αὔγουστος | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔδωκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔδωκεν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔδωκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Αὐγούστῳ γὰρ βασιλεύοντι Ῥωμαίων ἐπολέμησεν Ἀντώνιος, γένει καὶ οὗτος Ῥωμαῖος·
The dative Αὐγούστῳ with βασιλεύοντι is an absolute/concessive temporal frame ('while Augustus was ruling'); γένει καὶ οὗτος Ῥωμαῖος is an asyndetic explanatory supplement, 'he too a Roman by birth'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αὐγούστῳ | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | Nbmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 βασιλεύοντι | nsubj | high | Dative subject of the participial construction. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | βασιλεύοντι | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle with Αὐγούστῳ. |
| 4 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nbmpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλεύοντι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on βασιλεύω, 'ruling the Romans'. |
| 5 | ἐπολέμησεν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 6 | Ἀντώνιος | Ἀντώνιος | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπολέμησεν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | γένει | γένος | NOUN | Nbsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Ῥωμαῖος | obl | medium | Dative of respect or specification, 'by birth/origin'. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 οὗτος | cc | high | Coordinates the supplement with the preceding assertion. |
| 10 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pdmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 Ῥωμαῖος | det | high | Demonstrative determiner/pronominal modifier of Ῥωμαῖος. |
| 11 | Ῥωμαῖος | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A--msn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀντώνιος | appos | medium | Nominal predicate/appositional supplement referring to Ἀντώνιος. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | punct | high |
καί οἱ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἄλλοι τε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι προσέθεντο, ὅτι ἐφρόνουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰ Αὐγούστου.
The coordinated subject οἱ ... ἄλλοι τε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι is dative-marked by οἱ only if the text is corrupt; here οἱ is analyzed as nominative plural article/pronoun, with προσέθεντο as the root. The ὅτι-clause is content/explanatory, and τὰ Αὐγούστου is an elliptical object meaning Augustus' policies/things; the syntax remains somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 προσέθεντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλοι | det | medium | Taken with ἄλλοι as a substantivized article-adjective phrase. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GM-P | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλοι | nmod | medium | Genitive plural substantivized phrase, dependent on ἄλλοι; exact semantic relation is elliptical. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 6 Ἑλλάδι | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DF-S | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N----DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄλλοι | nmod | high | Object of ἐν; modifies the substantivized group τῶν ... ἄλλοι. |
| 7 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--N-NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 προσέθεντο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἄλλοι | cc | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλοι | conj | high | |
| 12 | προσέθεντο | προστίθημι | VERB | V--IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Analyzed as intransitive/middle ‘added/assented’; exact valency is context-dependent. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 προσέθεντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐφρόνουν | mark | high | Introduces the content/explanatory clause. |
| 15 | ἐφρόνουν | φρονέω | VERB | V--IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 προσέθεντο | ccomp | high | |
| 16 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--NOM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐφρόνουν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NA-P | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 Αὐγούστου | det | high | Article in an elliptical neuter substantive phrase. |
| 18 | Αὐγούστου | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N----GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐφρόνουν | obj | low | With τὰ forms an elliptical object, likely ‘Augustus’ policies/things’; semantic construction is uncertain. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 προσέθεντο | punct | high |