Grammar parses for passage 4.31.1
Open translation for this passage
ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Φαρῶν Ἀπόλλωνος ἄλσος ἐστὶ Καρνείου καὶ ὕδατος ἐν αὐτῷ πηγή·
Elliptical copular structure: ἄλσος is the main subject with a coordinated second nominal πηγή, and the genitives specify the grove and the spring.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπωτέρω | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative modifying ἀπωτέρω. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπώτερος | ADV | B--------- | Degree=Cmp | 7 ἐστὶ | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 4 | Φαρῶν | Φάραι | PROPN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄλσος. |
| 5 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄλσος. |
| 6 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-NS---NN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστὶ. |
| 7 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | Καρνείου | Κάρνειος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἄλσος | amod | high | Attributive genitive modifying ἄλσος. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 πηγή | cc | high | Connects coordinated noun phrase. |
| 10 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πηγή | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πηγή. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 πηγή | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 12 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πηγή | nmod | high | Oblique phrase with ἐν. |
| 13 | πηγή | πηγή | NOUN | N-NS---FN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Coordinated with ἄλσος as second predicate nominal/subject-like element. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
θαλάσσης δὲ ἕξ που στάδια ἀπέχουσιν αἱ Φαραί.
Straightforward clause; the main difficulty is the distance expression θαλάσσης ... ἕξ που στάδια, with θαλάσσης as genitive of separation and που modifying the numeral.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---FGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | obl | high | Genitive of separation/distance with ἀπέχουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἕξ | ἕξ | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 5 στάδια | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying στάδια. |
| 4 | που | που | PART | D-------- | _ | 3 ἕξ | advmod | medium | Enclitic approximative particle; attached to numeral. |
| 5 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-AP---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | obj | high | Accusative extent/distance with ἀπέχουσιν. |
| 6 | ἀπέχουσιν | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Φαραί | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 8 | Φαραί | Φαραί | PROPN | N-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | nsubj | high | Plural place name as subject. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἔχειν τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὴν Θουρίαν ἔδωκεν Αὔγουστος.
The infinitive phrase Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔχειν τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ is somewhat compressed; I treat ἔχειν as an infinitival complement and the dative as recipient/possessor with an implicit sense of 'granting possession to the Lacedaemonians'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔδωκεν | iobj | high | Dative of indirect object with infinitive ἔχειν/ἔδωκεν construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἔδωκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἔδωκεν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ἔδωκεν; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---dn- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | Article with substantive participial phrase. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF-S--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχειν | nmod | high | Head of prepositional phrase modifying the substantivized participial phrase. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Θουρίαν | det | high | Article modifying Θουρίαν. |
| 8 | Θουρίαν | Θουρία | PROPN | N-ASF-S--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔδωκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔδωκεν. |
| 9 | ἔδωκεν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | Αὔγουστος | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N-NSM-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔδωκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔδωκεν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔδωκεν | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
Αὐγούστῳ γὰρ βασιλεύοντι Ῥωμαίων ἐπολέμησεν Ἀντώνιος, γένει καὶ οὗτος Ῥωμαῖος·
Likely contains a dative absolute (Αὐγούστῳ βασιλεύοντι Ῥωμαίων) preceding the main clause; final Ῥωμαῖος is treated as an appositive/predicative comment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αὐγούστῳ | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 βασιλεύοντι | nsubj | medium | Dative with participle; likely dative absolute subject. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | βασιλεύοντι | βασιλεύω | VERB | PAP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | advcl | high | Present active participle agreeing with Αὐγούστῳ. |
| 4 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλεύοντι | obl | medium | Dependent genitive of rule/object with βασιλεύοντι. |
| 5 | ἐπολέμησεν | πολεμέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | Ἀντώνιος | Ἀντώνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπολέμησεν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | γένει | γένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Ῥωμαῖος | obl | medium | Dative of respect / reference. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 οὗτος | cc | high | Coordinating particle. |
| 10 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ῥωμαῖος | nsubj | high | Subject of implied/copular relation with Ῥωμαῖος. |
| 11 | Ῥωμαῖος | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | parataxis | medium | Appositive/predicative remark about Ἀντώνιος. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καί οἱ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἄλλοι τε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι προσέθεντο, ὅτι ἐφρόνουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰ Αὐγούστου.
The genitive phrase τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι modifies οἱ ἄλλοι, and ὅτι introduces an indirect/content clause after προσέθεντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 προσέθεντο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the two subject phrases. |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Any|Number=Plur | 6 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | Article introducing the genitive modifier. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Ἑλλάδι | case | high | Preposition governing Ἑλλάδι. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλλάδι. |
| 6 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τῶν | nmod | high | Object of ἐν; part of the genitive phrase modifying οἱ ἄλλοι. |
| 7 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle in the correlative pair τε καί. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | Second coordinating element in τε καὶ. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 11 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 προσέθεντο | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 12 | προσέθεντο | προστίθημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 προσέθεντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἐφρόνουν | mark | high | Introduces the causal/content clause. |
| 15 | ἐφρόνουν | φρονέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 προσέθεντο | advcl | high | Subordinate clause introduced by ὅτι. |
| 16 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐφρόνουν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐφρόνουν. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 Αὐγούστου | det | high | Article modifying Αὐγούστου. |
| 18 | Αὐγούστου | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐφρόνουν | obj | medium | Likely object/complement in an ellipted idiom; morphology is genitive with neuter article as in a fixed phrase. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 προσέθεντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |