Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 4.31.1

← 4.30.64.31.2 →

Passage 4.31.1

Open translation for this passage

5sentences parsed
65Greek tokens
3,455input tokens
4,948output tokens
Sentence 1

4.31.1 sentence 1

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14
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708
Output
1,051
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1,759

ὀλίγον δὲ ἀπωτέρω Φαρῶν Ἀπόλλωνος ἄλσος ἐστὶ Καρνείου καὶ ὕδατος ἐν αὐτῷ πηγή·

Elliptical copular structure: ἄλσος is the main subject with a coordinated second nominal πηγή, and the genitives specify the grove and the spring.

punct conj discourse advmod cc nmod advmod nmod amod case nmod nsubj nmod root 1 ὀλίγον ὀλίγος / ADJ 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 ἀπωτέρω ἀπώτερος / ADV 4 Φαρῶν Φάραι / PROPN 5 Ἀπόλλωνος Ἀπόλλων / PROPN 6 ἄλσος ἄλσος / NOUN 7 ἐστὶ εἰμί / AUX 8 Καρνείου Κάρνειος / ADJ 9 καὶ καί / CCONJ 10 ὕδατος ὕδωρ / NOUN 11 ἐν ἐν / ADP 12 αὐτῷ αὐτός / PRON 13 πηγή πηγή / NOUN 14 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ὀλίγονὀλίγοςADJA-NSNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing3 ἀπωτέρωadvmodmediumLikely adverbial accusative modifying ἀπωτέρω.
2δὲδέPARTG--------_7 ἐστὶdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ἀπωτέρωἀπώτεροςADVB---------Degree=Cmp7 ἐστὶadvmodhighComparative adverb.
4ΦαρῶνΦάραιPROPNN-P---FG-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur6 ἄλσοςnmodhighGenitive dependent of ἄλσος.
5ἈπόλλωνοςἈπόλλωνPROPNN-S---MG-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ἄλσοςnmodhighGenitive dependent of ἄλσος.
6ἄλσοςἄλσοςNOUNN-NS---NNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing7 ἐστὶnsubjhighSubject of ἐστὶ.
7ἐστὶεἰμίAUXV3SPIA---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighCopular root.
8ΚαρνείουΚάρνειοςADJA-S---MG-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ἄλσοςamodhighAttributive genitive modifying ἄλσος.
9καὶκαίCCONJC---------_13 πηγήcchighConnects coordinated noun phrase.
10ὕδατοςὕδωρNOUNN-S---NG-Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing13 πηγήnmodhighGenitive dependent of πηγή.
11ἐνἐνADPR---------_13 πηγήcasehighPreposition governing αὐτῷ.
12αὐτῷαὐτόςPRONA-S---MD-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing13 πηγήnmodhighOblique phrase with ἐν.
13πηγήπηγήNOUNN-NS---FNCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing7 ἐστὶconjmediumCoordinated with ἄλσος as second predicate nominal/subject-like element.
14··PUNCT__7 ἐστὶpuncthighSentence punctuation.
Sentence 2

4.31.1 sentence 2

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9
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634
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1,316

θαλάσσης δὲ ἕξ που στάδια ἀπέχουσιν αἱ Φαραί.

Straightforward clause; the main difficulty is the distance expression θαλάσσης ... ἕξ που στάδια, with θαλάσσης as genitive of separation and που modifying the numeral.

obl discourse punct nummod nsubj advmod obj det root 1 θαλάσσης θάλασσα / NOUN 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 ἕξ ἕξ / NUM 4 που που / PART 5 στάδια στάδιον / NOUN 6 ἀπέχουσιν ἀπέχω / VERB 7 αἱ ὁ / DET 8 Φαραί Φαραί / PROPN 9 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1θαλάσσηςθάλασσαNOUNN-S---FGS-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing6 ἀπέχουσινoblhighGenitive of separation/distance with ἀπέχουσιν.
2δὲδέPARTG--------_6 ἀπέχουσινdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ἕξἕξNUMM--------NumType=Card5 στάδιαnummodhighCardinal numeral modifying στάδια.
4πουπουPARTD--------_3 ἕξadvmodmediumEnclitic approximative particle; attached to numeral.
5στάδιαστάδιονNOUNN-AP---NA-Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur6 ἀπέχουσινobjhighAccusative extent/distance with ἀπέχουσιν.
6ἀπέχουσινἀπέχωVERBV-PAI-3P--Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighFinite predicate.
7αἱDETL-P---FN-Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art8 ΦαραίdethighArticle with proper name.
8ΦαραίΦαραίPROPNN-P---FN-Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur6 ἀπέχουσινnsubjhighPlural place name as subject.
9..PUNCT__6 ἀπέχουσινpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
Sentence 4

4.31.1 sentence 4

Tokens
11
Input
686
Output
916
Total
1,602

Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἔχειν τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ τὴν Θουρίαν ἔδωκεν Αὔγουστος.

The infinitive phrase Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔχειν τοῖς ἐν Σπάρτῃ is somewhat compressed; I treat ἔχειν as an infinitival complement and the dative as recipient/possessor with an implicit sense of 'granting possession to the Lacedaemonians'.

iobj discourse xcomp nmod det punct case det obj nsubj root 1 Λακεδαιμονίοις Λακεδαιμόνιος / ADJ 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 ἔχειν ἔχω / VERB 4 τοῖς ὁ / DET 5 ἐν ἐν / ADP 6 Σπάρτῃ Σπάρτη / PROPN 7 τὴν ὁ / DET 8 Θουρίαν Θουρία / PROPN 9 ἔδωκεν δίδωμι / VERB 10 Αὔγουστος Αὔγουστος / PROPN 11 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ΛακεδαιμονίοιςΛακεδαιμόνιοςADJ_Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur9 ἔδωκενiobjhighDative of indirect object with infinitive ἔχειν/ἔδωκεν construction.
2δὲδέPART__9 ἔδωκενdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ἔχεινἔχωVERBV-PAINFTense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act9 ἔδωκενxcompmediumInfinitive dependent on ἔδωκεν; syntax somewhat elliptical.
4τοῖςDETl-p---dn-Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art6 ΣπάρτῃdethighArticle with substantive participial phrase.
5ἐνἐνADPR--------_6 ΣπάρτῃcasehighPreposition governing dative.
6ΣπάρτῃΣπάρτηPROPNN-DSF-S---Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing3 ἔχεινnmodhighHead of prepositional phrase modifying the substantivized participial phrase.
7τὴνDETl-s---fa-Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art8 ΘουρίανdethighArticle modifying Θουρίαν.
8ΘουρίανΘουρίαPROPNN-ASF-S---Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing9 ἔδωκενobjhighDirect object of ἔδωκεν.
9ἔδωκενδίδωμιVERBV-AAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain verb.
10ΑὔγουστοςΑὔγουστοςPROPNN-NSM-S---Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing9 ἔδωκενnsubjhighSubject of ἔδωκεν.
11..PUNCT__9 ἔδωκενpuncthighSentence-ending punctuation.
Sentence 5

4.31.1 sentence 5

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12
Input
686
Output
914
Total
1,600

Αὐγούστῳ γὰρ βασιλεύοντι Ῥωμαίων ἐπολέμησεν Ἀντώνιος, γένει καὶ οὗτος Ῥωμαῖος·

Likely contains a dative absolute (Αὐγούστῳ βασιλεύοντι Ῥωμαίων) preceding the main clause; final Ῥωμαῖος is treated as an appositive/predicative comment.

punct parataxis discourse obl nsubj advcl punct obl nsubj cc nsubj root 1 Αὐγούστῳ Αὔγουστος / PROPN 2 γὰρ γάρ / PART 3 βασιλεύοντι βασιλεύω / VERB 4 Ῥωμαίων Ῥωμαῖος / PROPN 5 ἐπολέμησεν πολεμέω / VERB 6 Ἀντώνιος Ἀντώνιος / PROPN 7 , , / PUNCT 8 γένει γένος / NOUN 9 καὶ καί / CCONJ 10 οὗτος οὗτος / PRON 11 Ῥωμαῖος Ῥωμαῖος / ADJ 12 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ΑὐγούστῳΑὔγουστοςPROPN_Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing3 βασιλεύοντιnsubjmediumDative with participle; likely dative absolute subject.
2γὰργάρPART__5 ἐπολέμησενdiscoursehighPostpositive particle.
3βασιλεύοντιβασιλεύωVERBPAP-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act5 ἐπολέμησενadvclhighPresent active participle agreeing with Αὐγούστῳ.
4ῬωμαίωνῬωμαῖοςPROPN_Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur3 βασιλεύοντιoblmediumDependent genitive of rule/object with βασιλεύοντι.
5ἐπολέμησενπολεμέωVERB_Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain verb.
6ἈντώνιοςἈντώνιοςPROPN_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing5 ἐπολέμησενnsubjhighSubject of ἐπολέμησεν.
7,,PUNCT__5 ἐπολέμησενpuncthighPunctuation.
8γένειγένοςNOUN_Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing11 ῬωμαῖοςoblmediumDative of respect / reference.
9καὶκαίCCONJ__10 οὗτοςcchighCoordinating particle.
10οὗτοςοὗτοςPRON_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing11 ῬωμαῖοςnsubjhighSubject of implied/copular relation with Ῥωμαῖος.
11ῬωμαῖοςῬωμαῖοςADJ_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing5 ἐπολέμησενparataxismediumAppositive/predicative remark about Ἀντώνιος.
12··PUNCT__5 ἐπολέμησενpuncthighPunctuation.
Sentence 6

4.31.1 sentence 6

Tokens
19
Input
741
Output
1,385
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2,126

καί οἱ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἄλλοι τε καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι προσέθεντο, ὅτι ἐφρόνουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὰ Αὐγούστου.

The genitive phrase τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι modifies οἱ ἄλλοι, and ὅτι introduces an indirect/content clause after προσέθεντο.

cc det punct amod det nmod discourse advcl obj case cc det det nsubj punct mark nsubj det root 1 καί καί / CCONJ 2 οἱ ὁ / DET 3 τῶν ὁ / DET 4 ἐν ἐν / ADP 5 τῇ ὁ / DET 6 Ἑλλάδι Ἑλλάς / PROPN 7 ἄλλοι ἄλλος / ADJ 8 τε τε / PART 9 καὶ καί / CCONJ 10 οἱ ὁ / DET 11 Μεσσήνιοι Μεσσήνιος / PROPN 12 προσέθεντο προστίθημι / VERB 13 , , / PUNCT 14 ὅτι ὅτι / SCONJ 15 ἐφρόνουν φρονέω / VERB 16 Λακεδαιμόνιοι Λακεδαιμόνιος / PROPN 17 τὰ ὁ / DET 18 Αὐγούστου Αὔγουστος / PROPN 19 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1καίκαίCCONJ__12 προσέθεντοcchighCoordinating conjunction linking the two subject phrases.
2οἱDET_Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 ΜεσσήνιοιdethighArticle modifying Μεσσήνιοι.
3τῶνDET_Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Any|Number=Plur6 ἙλλάδιdethighArticle introducing the genitive modifier.
4ἐνἐνADP__6 ἙλλάδιcasehighPreposition governing Ἑλλάδι.
5τῇDET_Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing6 ἙλλάδιdethighArticle modifying Ἑλλάδι.
6ἙλλάδιἙλλάςPROPN_Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing3 τῶνnmodhighObject of ἐν; part of the genitive phrase modifying οἱ ἄλλοι.
7ἄλλοιἄλλοςADJ_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 ΜεσσήνιοιamodhighAttributive adjective modifying Μεσσήνιοι.
8τετεPART__11 ΜεσσήνιοιdiscoursehighEnclitic coordinating particle in the correlative pair τε καί.
9καὶκαίCCONJ__11 ΜεσσήνιοιcchighSecond coordinating element in τε καὶ.
10οἱDET_Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 ΜεσσήνιοιdethighArticle modifying Μεσσήνιοι.
11ΜεσσήνιοιΜεσσήνιοςPROPN_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur12 προσέθεντοnsubjhighSecond coordinated subject.
12προσέθεντοπροστίθημιVERB_Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid0 ROOTroothighMain verb of the sentence.
13,,PUNCT__12 προσέθεντοpuncthighPunctuation.
14ὅτιὅτιSCONJ__15 ἐφρόνουνmarkhighIntroduces the causal/content clause.
15ἐφρόνουνφρονέωVERB_Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act12 προσέθεντοadvclhighSubordinate clause introduced by ὅτι.
16ΛακεδαιμόνιοιΛακεδαιμόνιοςPROPN_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur15 ἐφρόνουνnsubjhighSubject of ἐφρόνουν.
17τὰDET_Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur18 ΑὐγούστουdethighArticle modifying Αὐγούστου.
18ΑὐγούστουΑὔγουστοςPROPN_Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing15 ἐφρόνουνobjmediumLikely object/complement in an ellipted idiom; morphology is genitive with neuter article as in a fixed phrase.
19..PUNCT__12 προσέθεντοpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
← 4.30.64.31.2 →