Grammar parses for passage 4.31.2
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὁ μὲν τούτων ἕνεκα Μεσσηνίοις καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἀντιταξαμένων τοῖς μὲν αὐτῶν ἔλαττον, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐπεξῆλθε·
The subject is substantivized ὁ with μέν; ἕνεκα governs the genitive τούτων. Μεσσηνίοις is dative of reference/beneficiary, while the paired τοῖς ... τοῖς marks groups among those who opposed them; ἐπεξῆλθε is aorist active, with ἔλαττον and πλέον functioning adverbially as comparative extent. The antecedent and exact scope of αὐτῶν are somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, with μέν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | ADV | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows. |
| 4 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἕνεκα | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | ADV | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | case | high | Postposition governing genitive τούτων. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/beneficiary. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 τῶν | cc | high | |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀντιταξαμένων | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀντιταξαμένων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀντιταξαμένων | det | high | Article introducing the attributive/participial group. |
| 11 | ἀντιταξαμένων | ἀντιτάσσω | VERB | V-2ADP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | obl | high | Genitive participial group, coordinated with Μεσσηνίοις in the comparison domain. |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἔλαττον | det | high | Substantivizes the first τοῖς-group. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | ADV | _ | 15 ἔλαττον | discourse | high | First member of τοῖς μὲν ... τοῖς δέ. |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 ἔλαττον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the elliptical comparative phrase; scope is uncertain. |
| 15 | ἔλαττον | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-NSN-CMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | advmod | medium | Neuter comparative used adverbially, ‘to a lesser extent’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | punct | high | |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 πλέον | det | high | Substantivizes the second τοῖς-group. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 πλέον | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | advmod | high | Intensifying καί, ‘even’. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 πλέον | case | high | Governs πλέον. |
| 21 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN-CMP | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | advmod | medium | Neuter comparative in ἐς πλέον, ‘to a greater extent’. |
| 22 | ἐπεξῆλθε | ἐπεξέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐπεξῆλθε | punct | high |
Θουριᾶται δὲ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἐν μετεώρῳ τὸ ἀρχαῖον οἰκουμένης ἐς τὸ πεδίον κατελθόντες οἰκοῦσιν.
The participle κατελθόντες is coordinated with the understood subject Θουριᾶται and governs the motion phrase ἐς τὸ πεδίον; οἰκουμένης is an agreeing genitive absolute-like descriptive genitive with τὸ ἀρχαῖον, but the construction is textually and syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θουριᾶται | Θουριάτης | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 πόλεως | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κατελθόντες | obl | high | Point of departure with ἐκ. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 μετεώρῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | μετεώρῳ | μετέωρος | ADJ | A-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 κατελθόντες | obl | medium | Substantivized/neuter locative expression, 'in an elevated place'. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκουμένης | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely 'the ancient [settlement/place]'. |
| 10 | οἰκουμένης | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PMPG-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 κατελθόντες | advcl | low | Form is feminine genitive singular present middle participle; syntactic attachment is uncertain in this transmitted sequence. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 πεδίον | case | high | |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πεδίον | det | high | |
| 13 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 κατελθόντες | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 14 | κατελθόντες | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAPNomP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Θουριᾶται. |
| 15 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high |
οὐ μὴν παντάπασί γε οὐδὲ τὴν ἄνω πόλιν ἐκλελοίπασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τείχους ἐρείπια καὶ ἱερόν ἐστιν αὐτόθι ὀνομαζόμενον θεοῦ Συρίας·
The sentence has an initial negated perfect clause and an adversative existential clause. The participle ὀνομαζόμενον most directly modifies ἱερόν; θεοῦ Συρίας is analyzed as a genitival complement specifying the named Syrian deity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Adverbial particle | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἐκλελοίπασιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὴν | μήν | PART | Postpositive particle | _ | 9 ἐκλελοίπασιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | παντάπασί | παντάπασι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 9 ἐκλελοίπασιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | γε | γε | PART | Enclitic particle | _ | 3 παντάπασί | discourse | high | |
| 5 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἐκλελοίπασιν | cc | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Article-A-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | Adverb used attributively | _ | 8 πόλιν | amod | medium | Adverbial modifier of πόλιν. |
| 8 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | Noun-A-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκλελοίπασιν | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἐκλελοίπασιν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active, 3rd plural. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκλελοίπασιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 17 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 14 ἐρείπια | cc | high | |
| 13 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐρείπια. |
| 14 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NomPl-Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Subject of existential ἐστιν; coordinated with ἱερόν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 16 ἱερόν | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NomSg-Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective/noun, coordinated with ἐρείπια. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb; coordinated clause after ἀλλά. |
| 18 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 17 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-N-AS-Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 16 ἱερόν | acl | high | Passive participle agreeing with ἱερόν. |
| 20 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ὀνομαζόμενον | obl | medium | Genitive with ὀνομαζόμενον, ‘named [for/as] the god’. |
| 21 | Συρίας | Συρία | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 θεοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θεοῦ: ‘of Syria’. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ πόλιν ποταμὸς καλούμενος Ἄρις παρέξεισιν.
The river-name subject ποταμὸς Ἄρις governs παρέξεισιν; καλούμενος agrees with ποταμὸς, while τὴν ... πόλιν is the accusative object. παρέξεισιν is an uncommon/variant form, analyzed here as future παρέξει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-DAF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 παρέξεισιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 πεδίῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DNS-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 πεδίῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | N-DNS-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πόλιν | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 6 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-DAF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 παρέξεισιν | obj | high | |
| 7 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παρέξεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ποταμὸς | acl | high | Passive participle, ‘called/named’; agrees with ποταμὸς. |
| 9 | Ἄρις | Ἄρις | PROPN | N-NSM-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 καλούμενος | obl | medium | Name supplied with καλούμενος; dependency may alternatively be appositional to ποταμὸς. |
| 10 | παρέξεισιν | παρέχω | VERB | V-FAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Uncommon/variant spelling; interpreted as future παρέξει. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παρέξεισιν | punct | high |